Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Veterinary Research
Veterinary research in horses encompasses the study of diseases, health management, and medical treatments specific to equine species. This field investigates various aspects of horse health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. Researchers focus on understanding the pathophysiology of equine ailments, developing diagnostic tools, and evaluating therapeutic interventions. The study of horse health also involves examining preventive measures such as vaccination protocols and nutritional management to promote overall well-being. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse areas of veterinary science related to horses, providing insights into disease mechanisms, treatment strategies, and advancements in equine healthcare.
Pharmacokinetics of thiopentone in the horse. The pharmacokinetics of thiopentone sodium administered intravenously as a single dose (11 mg/kg) were studied in acepromazine pre-medicated horses and ponies in which anaesthesia was maintained with either halothane (Group 1) or isoflurane (Group 2). The results showed that the disposition kinetics of thiopentone in horses and ponies were best described by a three-compartment open model. In plasma, a very short initial distribution phase in both horses and ponies, half-life 1.4 +/- 1.2 min (mean +/- SD) and 1.3 +/- 0.7 min, respectively, was obtained, which was followed by a second comparativ...
Characterization of a novel streptokinase produced by Streptococcus equisimilis of non-human origin. Streptokinases are proteins with plasminogen activator activity produced by certain hemolytic streptococci. We previously identified equine streptococcal isolates which produced streptokinases (ESKs) that bound both human and equine plasminogen but only readily activated equine plasminogen (14). This property was exploited to purify a representative ESK produced by Streptococcus equisimilis strain 87-542-W. Affinity chromatography with human plasminogen resulted in the isolation of a M(r) approximately 49,000 molecule with two isoforms. This ESK was subsequently compared to well characterized ...
[Direct approach for demonstrating free radical phenomena during equine postanesthetic myopathy: preliminary study]. This preliminary study demonstrated the existence of a free radical generation during an experimental postischemic muscular reperfusion in a halothane anesthetized horse. The authors used alpha-phényl-N-tert-butylnitrone as a spin trap agent and the electronic paramagnetic resonance method to observe in vivo a free radical generation. This preliminary study demonstrated the existence of a free radical generation during an experimental postischemic muscular reperfusion in a halothane anesthetized horse. The authors used alpha-phényl-N-tert-butylnitrone as a spin trap agent and the electronic ...
The mechanical properties of equine third metacarpals as affected by age. Twenty-five pairs of equine third metacarpals (McIII) were collected from horses of varying breeds and ranging in age from 1 d to 27 yr. Standard three-point bending tests were performed on the McIII to obtain comparative data on breaking load (BL), breaking strength (BS), and elasticity (E). Broken bones were reassembled and 2-cm sections cut from the bone 1 cm below the nutrient foramen and at the site of the break. Bone mineral content (BMC) and geometrical properties of these sections were determined. Maximum BMC (17.3 g/2 cm) was reached at 6.0 +/- 1.8 yr of age. Horses in this study achi...
Prostaglandins and sex steroids from corpora lutea of pregnant mares. In vitro studies. To delineate endocrine mechanisms regulating equine luteal function and the possible functional differences between one month and three month corpora lutea of pregnancy (CL), the in vitro basal releases of prostaglandin F (PGF), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), progesterone, and 17 beta-estradiol by one and three month CL of pregnant mares were evaluated. In addition, the in vitro effects of PGF2 alpha PGE2, progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol on synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) and sex steroids were studied. PGF, PGE2, and 17 beta-estradiol secretion was higher in one month than in three month CL, wh...
The potential for dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in domestic animals. The metabolism and clinical potential for dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) modifications using oil supplements containing n-3 and n-6 fatty acids are reviewed. Their use in such disorders as renal disease, inflammatory and immune-related disorders, and dermatological conditions in dogs and cats is discussed. The influence of n-3 fatty acid-rich rations on the endotoxin response in horses is described. Progress has been made toward understanding the clinical potential for PUFAs in these species. However, they have not yet been shown to be efficacious in any of the conditions investig...
In vitro effects of tachykinins on the smooth musculature of horse gut. The contractile effects of the tachykinins eledoisin, substance P and neurokinin A and B were investigated in vitro on circular and longitudinal muscle strips from horse duodenum, ileum and colon. Circular smooth muscle of the small intestine was highly responsive, large intestine circular smooth muscle less so, while longitudinal muscle from all gut segments was much less sensitive. pD2 values and intrinsic activities on small intestine circular muscle indicated differences in receptor distribution between the duodenum and ileum: NK3 and a smaller number of NK2 receptors being present in the ...
Ultrastructure and mineral composition of urinary calculi from horses. Urinary calculi from 17 horses with urolithiasis were examined to study their mineral content and ultrastructure. Among the analytic methods used were X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and electron microprobe analysis. The calculi initially were observed by use of a stereoscopic dissecting microscope and generally were found to have nodular surfaces surrounding a banded or granular-to-chalky interior. Observation by scanning electron microscopy revealed an intricate pattern of irregularly concentric, fine bands and spherules. These had a round, finely banded, globular texture...
Neutrophil accumulation in the large colon of horses during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion. Histomorphologic/morphometric evaluation, leukocyte scintigraphy, and myeloperoxidase activity were used to determine whether neutrophils accumulate in the large colon of horses during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion. Twenty-four adult horses were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: group 1, sham-operated (n = 6); group 2, 6 hours of ischemia (n = 9); and group 3, 3 hours of ischemia and 3 hours of reperfusion (n = 9). Low-flow ischemia of the large colon was induced in horses of groups 2 and 3 by reducing colonic arterial blood flow to 20% of baseline. Radiolabeled (99mTc) autogenous neutrophils wer...
Histopathologic evidence of reperfusion injury in the large colon of horses after low-flow ischemia. Effects of low-flow ischemia and reperfusion of the large colon on mucosal architecture were determined in horses. Twenty-four adult horses were randomly allocated to 3 groups: sham-operated (n = 6), 6 hours of ischemia (n = 9), and 3 hours of ischemia and 3 hours of reperfusion (n = 9). Low-flow ischemia was induced in horses of groups 2 and 3 by reducing colonic arterial blood flow to 20% of baseline values. Systemic hemodynamic and metabolic variables were maintained constant and in a normal physiologic range. Full-thickness biopsy specimens were obtained from the left ventral colon for his...
Equine salmonellosis in a Dutch veterinary teaching hospital. During 1990 and 1991, 380 faecal samples were collected from horses with diarrhoea. Sixty-nine (18 per cent) of the samples yielded a positive culture for Salmonella species, and salmonellae were cultured directly from 37 (54 per cent) of these cases. In 32 (46 per cent) of the cases the salmonellae were found after culturing the organism in an enrichment medium. Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from 43 samples, S hadar from three samples, S arizona from two, S enteritidis from two, S virchow from one, S blockley from one and S bareilly from one sample. In 1990, S typhimurium phage type 200...
Neurological manifestation of cholesterinic granulomas in three horses. Cholesterinic granulomas have been previously reported as an incidental post mortem in horses. Three adult horses with diencephalic dysfunction due to cholesterinic granulomas are described. All the horses exhibited profound depression, somnolence and reluctance to move. One horse experienced generalised seizures. Cerebrosinal fluid was xanthochromic with an elevated total protein in two of the cases evaluated. The large cholesterinic granulomas caused expansion of the lateral ventricle and secondary hydrocephalus due to the build up of cerebrospinal fluid behind the mass. Cholesterinic granul...
Evaluation of the thoraco-laryngeal reflex (‘slap test’) as an indicator of laryngeal adductor myopathy in the horse. A study was conducted over a 12 month period to assess the accuracy of the 'slap test' in the diagnosis of laryngeal adductor myopathy. The thoraco-laryngeal reflexes of 15 horses with no clinical signs of idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia (ILH) were recorded using a video-endoscope. These 'slap test' responses were examined independently by 3 assessors. The horses were subsequently subjected to euthanasia and samples taken from the cricoarytenoideus lateralis (CAL) muscles for histopathological examination and assessment of denervation atrophy. Despite normal adductory responses, moderate to se...
Pituitary abscess and basilar empyema in 4 horses. Abscess of the pituitary gland is a rare condition which has been
described in man (Domingue and Wilson 1977; Ahmed et al. 1989),
ruminants (Taylor and Meads 1963; Moriwaki er al. 1973; Lomas and
Hazell 1983; Perdrizet and Dinsmore 1986) and one horse
(Rumbaugh 1977). The some of infection may be either direct
extension from an adjacent focus or haematogenous spread from a site
elsewhere in the body. In man, pituitary abscess may result from
meningitis, sphenoid sinusitis (Selose et al. 1980), and osteomyelitis
(Rongetti and Daniels 1950). A review of 20 cases of pituitary abscess
in ...
Effects of alpha 2-agonists on intrauterine pressure and sedation in horses: comparison between detomidine, romifidine and xylazine. The effect of three alpha 2-agonistic sedatives, Detomidine (0.04 mg/kg), Romifidine (0.08 mg/kg) Xylazine (1.1 mg/kg) and placebo (NaCl), on intrauterine pressure was investigated with an intrauterine balloon model in four non-pregnant warmblood mares. Within 6.0 (+/- 2.2) min mean pressure increases of 9.80 (+/- 3.74), 6.88 (+/- 3.95) and 13.95 (+/- 5.19) mmHg were recorded for Detomidine, Romifidine and Xylazine, respectively. Placebo had no significant effect. The mean duration of pressure increase was 30.0 (+/- 5.10), 17.67 (+/- 9.87) and 19.50 (+/- 13.78) min for Detomidine, Romifidine a...
In vitro comparison of the effect of parallel and divergent transfixation pins on breaking strength of equine third metacarpal bones. Breaking strength (torque at failure) of equine third metacarpal bones, with transfixation pins placed parallel in the frontal plane and 30 degrees divergent from the frontal plane, was determined in vitro. Two transfixation pins were placed through the distal metaphysis, using a jig designed to drill the holes in the assigned configuration. Paired metacarpal bones II through IV from 12 horses were tested in torsion. The torsional moment of the force applied through the transfixation pins at failure was compared for each limb. Metacarpal bones with divergent pins were significantly (P = 0.030)...
A comparison between the effects of conventional and selective antiparasitic treatments on nematode parasites of horses from two management schemes. Little information exists concerning the presence of nematode parasites of horses in South Africa. Limited studies are available which compare the parasites in horses originating from differing management schemes. The aim of the present study was to compare the nematode parasites of 2 groups of horses which had been managed differently. Group 1, chiefly Nooitgedacht adult ponies, consisted of cycling or early pregnancy mares. They were maintained chiefly on zero grazing, given supplemental feed and treated 4 times a year with antiparasitic remedies. The horses in Group 2 were mostly Thoroughbr...
Mycoflora of the toxic feeds associated with equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) outbreaks in Brazil. The mycoflora of 39 feed samples associated with 29 Equine Leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) outbreaks was studied from 1988 to 1990, in Brazil. Microbiological examination indicated Fusarium spp. as the most frequent mold which occurred in 97.4% of samples followed by Penicillium spp. in 61.5% and Aspergillus spp. in 35.9%. The moisture content of feed implicated in death of horses was above 15% which can favor the development of Fusarium spp. From the genus, F. moniliforme was the predominant species with an occurrence of 82.0%. Two additional species, not commonly associated with animal toxicosi...
Radiographic geometric variation of equine long bones. As more sophisticated research is performed to refine fracture fixation techniques for horses, it is important that normal values for the geometric properties of the bones of the appendicular skeleton be determined and that suitable controls be available. We evaluated the geometric properties of total bone width, cortical bone width, and medullary canal/trabecular bone width measured from 2 radiographic projections of equine long bones (humerus, radius, third metacarpal bone, femur, tibia, and third metatarsal bone) obtained from a general population of horses. Measurements were performed on s...
The effect of insemination volume on pregnancy rates of pony mares. It has recently been reported that large insemination volumes might affect fertility of mares. The results from these studies are confounded by other factors, however, such as inadequate number of spermatozoa in the inseminate. We conducted a study to test whether volume alone affects fertility when sufficient numbers of spermatozoa are present. Semen from one stallion was collected, extended at 50 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml, and stored in a commercial semen cooling device for 18 to 30 h before insemination. Ten pony mares were assigned during estrus in random pairs to be bred every other day with...
African horse sickness and the overwintering of Culicoides spp. in the Iberian peninsula. The presence at different latitudes and the seasonal distribution of two known or potential vectors of African horse sickness (AHS) virus--Culicoides imicola and C. obsoletus--were investigated in the Iberian peninsula using light trap collections. Culicoides imicola was present as far north as 41 degrees N but not at 43 degrees N (Asturias, Spain), whereas C. obsoletus was found at all latitudes. In the northern part of the distribution of C. imicola, adults of this species were present for only a few months of the year, but adults were continually present further south. Culicoides obsoletus ...
Phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes lavaged from the lungs of horses with clinically diagnosed chronic pulmonary disease. The aim of this study was to compare phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) from the bronchoalveolar lavage of clinically healthy horses and those with severe chronic bronchiolitis. Research was carried out on 28 horses. Chronic inflammation of the lower airways was diagnosed in nine horses. Cells from the respiratory tract were lavaged according to accepted methods. For comparison, PMNs were isolated from peripheral blood of all investigated horses. The phagocytic activity of PMNs was determined in relation to two standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staph, aureus Smith w...
[Sporotrichosis in a horse]. A 9-year old male Arabian horse was referred to the Department of Large Animal Surgery of the University of Utrecht because of multiple nodules on the inner side of the right hind leg. The nodules seemed to follow a cutaneolymphatic pattern. Histopathology of a nodule showed a granulomatous inflammation with the presence of multinucleated giant cells. In PAS- and Grocott-stained sections, spheroid yeast-like organisms with some budding were found throughout the tissue. A preliminary diagnosis of sporotrichosis was made. A fresh nodule was cultured and the presence of Sporothrix c.f. schenckii ...
Camera speeds for optoelectronic assessment of stride-timing characteristics in horses at the trot. Quantitated locomotion analysis is increasingly being used during assessment and treatment of gait disorders in human beings. Locomotion analysis is also thought to have potential for enhancing the assessment of lameness in horses. Availability of high-speed video recording systems has simplified the process of quantitated locomotion analysis; however, the high cost of such systems has limited their use for routine clinical assessment in horses. The temporal resolution of 500- to 1,000-images/s (Hz) recording systems is beyond what has been considered necessary for precise quantitation of shor...
Isolation of cell populations from the mare corpus luteum: comparison of mechanical and collagenase dissociation. Corpora lutea were obtained from mares at days 3, 10 and 14 after ovulation, and examined histologically. The morphology of isolated luteal cells obtained by either mechanical or collagenase dissociation of the tissue was examined and the cells stained to detect the steroidogenic enzyme delta 5, beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. The ratio of large:small cells was significantly higher for cells obtained from mechanically dissociated luteal tissue than for cells obtained by collagenase dissociation (P < 0.01). Cells obtained by both mechanical and collagenase dissociation secreted progestero...
Prepartum adrenocortical maturation in the fetal foal: responses to ACTH. The present study was carried out on 19 chronically catheterized mares and fetuses in late gestation (term > 320 days). In six animals which were monitored up to the time of delivery of a live foal, plasma and amniotic fluid cortisol concentrations remained low until 4-5 days before parturition when there was a rapid, significant rise (P < 0.05) which was not accompanied by any corresponding changes in maternal plasma cortisol. Circulating fetal ACTH concentrations became more variable close to delivery and ANOVA revealed no significant increases during this critical period, although a n...
Proteins induced by recombinant equine interferon-beta 1 within equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes (PMN) as well as embryonic equine dermal fibroblasts and the equine fibroblast line E. Derm which were used as controls, were treated with recombinant equine interferon-beta 1 (rEqIFN-beta 1) in vitro which induced the expression of different proteins in these cells. A 74 kDa protein was induced in PBMC and an 82 kDa protein was additionally found in the equine fibroblast E. Derm cell line following treatment with rEqFN-beta 1. Both proteins reacted with anti-mouse and anti-human Mx protein antisera in im...
Beta-glucuronidase and trypsin inhibitor capacity of tracheal lavage fluid as indicators of seasonal airway irritation in the horse. The health of the respiratory tracts of 19 horses was studied for 11 months. The horses were placed into 3 groups (healthy, periodically diseased and continuously diseased) based on the measurements of blood gases, intrapleural pressure and on neutrophil content of tracheal mucus. Lysosomal enzymes (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase) and reflectors of the proteolytic system (plasmin, plasminogen, trypsin inhibitor capacity) were determined. beta-glucuronidase appeared to be a good indicator of the presence of disease of the respiratory system. High beta-glucuronidase value...
