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Surgical implications of extensibility of the skin of the equine carpus. To determine the lines of maximum extensibility of the skin over the equine carpus, round puncture wounds were made 2.0 cm apart over the carpal area of 5 horses (7 carpi). The direction of elongation of the round puncture wound was observed and photographed. Lines of maximum extensibility that occurred over the surfaces of the equine carpus were determined to be proximal to distal, except in a small area over the accessory carpal bone where a state of anisotropism existed. In an immobilized carpus, direction of a surgical incision was not as important as it was in a mobile carpus, in which th...
In vitro and in vivo effects of corticosteroids on peripheral blood lymphocytes from ponies. The in vitro and in vivo effects of corticosteroids on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from ponies were studied. Prednisolone inhibited lymphocyte stimulation by phytohemagglutin (PHA) in a dose-dependent manner, without inducing lysis even at large doses. The PBL from horses heterozygous for the combined immunodeficiency trait responded to corticosteroid treatment the same as did PBL from normal ponies. Removal of the corticosteroid after incubation with PBL from normal ponies partially restored responsiveness of these cells to PHA. Chronic in vivo treatment of ponies with corticosteroids ...
Induction of a cell membrane antigen by equine infectious anemia virus. Equine fibroblasts persistently infected with equine infectious anemia virus acquire a new cell membrane antigen demonstrable by indirect radioimmunoassay, using infected horse serum as an antibody source.
Study of homologous and heterologous antibody response in California horses vaccinated with attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis vaccine (strain TC-83). Of 359 horses vaccinated with attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) vaccine (strain TC-83), 87% developed hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies to VEE virus within 1 month. Blood from a subsample of 101 of the 359 horses was obtained over a 1-year period. Within 1 month after vaccination, 84% of the 101 horses had developed VEE HI antibodies, 87% had developed VEE-neutralizing (Nt) antibodies, and 78% had developed VEE complement-fixing (CF) antibodies. One year after vaccination, 58% of the horses had VEE HI antibodies and 73% had VEE Nt antibodies. The percentage of hors...
[Biochemical and hematological changes in the blood of horses after the “Velká Pardubická” steeple chase]. Blood parameters were studied in two groups of horses in the "Velká Pardubická" steeple-chase in 1974, 1975 and 1976. After the race, the levels of lactate showed a manifold increase; an increase was also ascertained in the levels of glucose, sodium, potassium, haemoglobin, in the haematocrit value and in the number of erythrocytes. The following parameters significantly dropped: the levels of acid-base balance - pH, base excess, bicarbonate levels. It was proved that the values of the same parameters in horses during training were incomparably lower. It is advisable to examine horses thorou...
Perinatal foal mortality associated with a herpesvirus. An outbreak of perinatal foal mortality associated with a herpesvirus is described. Twenty two foals either were still-born, or died soon after birth, or were weak and soon developed severe respiratory signs, or were normal at birth and developed respiratory symptoms 18 to 24 hours later. Elevated temperatures, heart and respiratory rates were constant features. The animals were severely leucopaenic, and showed an absolute neutropaenia. At autopsy the lungs were enlarged, and showed varying degrees of aeration and moderate to severe oedema and congestion. Histopathology showed an acute focal n...
Isolation of equine herpesvirus type 2 from foals, showing respiratory symptoms. No abstract available
[Occurence of an outbreak of horse dermatophytosis caused by the fungus Trichophyton equinum]. There is a description of equine dermatophytosis enzootic, caused by the microscopic fungus Trichophyton equinum. The disease affected 32 horses, mostly young, all in the same herd (74.4%). The diseased horses were successfully treated with the preparation Fenoform forte, applied superficially at the concentration of 0.5% of the active substance. The authors made an attempt to determine the criteria for clinical differentiation of fully developed trichophytosis and microsporosis of horses. Trichophytosis (T. equinum) is characterized as typical numerous small and round patches, covered by smal...
Some aspects of the pathogenesis and comparative pathology of toxoplasmosis. Some aspects of the pathogenesis and comparative pathology of toxoplasmosis are described. The general pattern of infection, with or without necrosis, and tissue cyst formation as it occurs in all species is dealt with. The wide pathological manifestations of toxoplasmosis as seen in sheep, cattle, pigs, horses, dogs, cats, chinchillas and man are reviewed.
Selection of a strain of Culex tarsalis highly resistant to infection following ingestion of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. After prolonged selection, two hybrid strains of Culex tarsalis were evolved that were highly resistant to infection following ingestion of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. These strains were greater than 25,000-fold more resistant than the most susceptible parental strain when fed on viremic chicks. Resistance was associated with a mesenteronal barrier since both refractory and parental strains were equally susceptible to infection by intrathoracic inoculation. Susceptibility was dominant, possibly incompletely dominant, over resistance. Inheritance was probably polyfactorial but this ...
Enzootic and epizootic Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus in horses infected by peripheral and intrathecal routes. Forty-five horses were infected peripherally or intrathecally with enzootic or epizootic strains of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus. Low titers of virus appeared in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after peripheral inoculation of enzootic or epizootic VEE virus strains. Intrathecal infection with either epizootic or enzootic VEE virus produced higher titers of virus in CSF than did peripheral infection. In contrast to peripheral infections with enzootic strains, intrathecal infections with these strains caused death. The animals that died had widespread histopathologic changes and lar...
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