Topic:Animal Species
The topic "Animal Species and Horses" explores the interactions and relationships between horses and various other animal species. This includes understanding the ecological roles horses play within their environments, as well as their interactions with domestic and wild animals. Research in this area may cover aspects such as competition for resources, symbiotic relationships, and behavioral influences between horses and other species. Studies may also investigate the impact of horses on biodiversity and ecosystem dynamics. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that examine these interspecies relationships, focusing on the ecological, behavioral, and environmental implications of horses interacting with other animals.
[Genetic differentiation between breeds of horses by polymorphic blood protein loci]. The estimation of genetic differentiation between 27 horses breeds originated in USSR, based on serum proteins polymorphism (loci Tf, Al, Es) is shown. Genetical variability among aborigine breeds is higher then among cultural ones. The erosion of gene pool of Przewalski's Horse is explained by special history of this population and a few horses in analyzing group. Genetic distances reflect the directions and intensity of breeding. High genetical distances between Przewalski's Horse, Shetland Pony and other horses obtained could be explained by overcoming the "bottle neck" of selections in bre...
An attempt to define the host range for African horse sickness virus (Orbivirus, Reoviridae) in east Africa, by a serological survey in some Equidae, Camelidae, Loxodontidae and Carnivore. A survey was carried out in horse, zebra, elephant, camel, sheep and goat and wild carnivore sera for virus-serum neutralising antibody to the nine type strains of African horse sickness virus. Antibody was found amongst the horse, zebra and elephant sera to all nine different strains. No antibody was detected in any sera from camels, sheep and goats. None was found in sera from hyaena and jackals in this series but had been detected earlier.
Identification and partial purification of serum growth hormone binding protein in domestic animal species. The chemical nature and variations in serum concentrations of growth hormone binding protein (GHBP) from humans, rabbits, and rodents have been reported. To date little is known about the GHBP of domestic animals. Therefore, we initiated these studies to determine whether a serum GHBP was present in domestic animals and to purify the binding protein (BP) from serum of selected species. Using a dextran-coated charcoal separation assay, specific growth hormone (GH) binding was demonstrated in ovine, bovine, chicken, human, goose, porcine, and equine serum (listed in sequence from lowest to highe...
Susceptibility of corneas from various animal species to in vitro binding and invasion by Acanthamoeba castellanii [corrected]. A crucial requirement for establishing corneal infection by the extracellular protozoal parasite, Acanthamoeba, is the ability of the parasite to bind to the corneal surface. In a series of in vitro studies, we examined the ability of Acanthamoeba castellanii [corrected] to adhere, invade, and damage normal, intact corneas of 11 mammalian and one avian species. A. castellanii [corrected] (80-90% trophozoites and 10-20% cysts) were incubated with corneas for 24 hours in vitro and examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results of several independent SEM experiments revealed that parasit...
Complete amino acid sequence of equine miniplasminogen. The complete amino acid sequence of equine miniplasminogen (Mr 37,132, 338 residues) was determined with the aid of fragments obtained by cleavage with 2-(2-nitrophenylsulfenyl)-3-methyl-3'-bromoindolenine, cyanogen bromide or clostripain. The fragments were aligned with overlapping sequences. Sequence comparison with other species gave identities in the range of 76% (bovine) and 81% (canine), indicating the presence of the same structural and functional domains as in the other species. Sequence comparison of different miniplasminogens showed that positions 49 (Arg), 83 (Arg) and 161 (Ser) may...
Injuries caused by animals. Injuries caused by animals and treated at the University Hospital of Umeå were analysed. Dogs caused nearly one-half of the injuries, while horses caused one-third of the injuries and the highest number of fractures. The 'cost' of treatment and sickness benefit was fairly evenly distributed between horse-, cattle-, and dog-related injuries. The average 'cost' per injured person was, however, highest in those injured in cattle accidents and moose-car collisions. The impact of animal-related injuries on the health care and social security systems was similar to occupational accidents and car ac...
Morphological examination of epididymal epithelium in the mule (E. hinnus) in comparison with parental species (E. asinus and E. caballus). Following previous studies about the ultrastructure of male genital tract in parental species, a comparative study of epididymis of one of the possible hybrids, the mule, has been undertaken. Apart from small differences, general features of epididymal epithelium in the mule are similar to those of parental species. However, extension of our studies from the donkey to the horse to the hybrid permits a deeper insight into the morphology of this tract of excurrent duct. In the meantime, it is possible to evidence some features, sometimes shared with other species if taken separately, which in th...
Characterization of Gardnerella vaginalis and G. vaginalis-like organisms from the reproductive tract of the mare. Gardnerella vaginalis has been isolated from women with bacterial vaginosis, from the genital tracts of asymptomatic women, and from several other infected body sites in humans. However, until recently, it has not been isolated from any other animal species. Between June 1988 and October 1989, 31 isolates identified as G. vaginalis and 70 isolates identified as G. vaginalis-like organisms have been recovered from the genital tracts of 93 mares from Michigan and Ohio. Identification was based on biochemical reactions, hemolysis on media containing blood from various animal sources, and suscepti...
Comparative determination of selenium in the serum of various animal species and humans by means of electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. It was the goal of this paper to establish total selenium reference values for Switzerland in different animal species and in humans. To this purpose, a flameless atomic absorption method with deuterium background compensation utilizing a graphite furnace atomization system with a pyrolytic platform inside and palladium solution as matrix modifier was developed for the measurement of selenium in serum. The method was characterized by rapid performability, small sample requirement, acceptable detection limit (0.04 mumol/L) and precision and a linear range of measurement up to 4 mumol/L. The met...
Glycosaminoglycan concentrations in horse plasma and serum. Differences with other animal species and identification of affecting factors. 1. The measured values of acid glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentration in plasma or in serum show significant differences between trained and untrained horses and among sedentary horses and other animal species (cattle, rabbit, sheep). 2. Diurnal variations in serum GAG levels are reported (cattle), and changes in plasma GAG concentrations after road transport (horses) and in late pregnancy (mares, cows), while sex, age and breed do not affect them.
Chemical structures of three neutral oligosaccharides obtained from horse (thoroughbred) colostrum. 1. Three neutral oligosaccharides were obtained from horse colostrum by ion-exchange, activated charcoal column and preparative paper chromatographies. 2. The following structures were elucidated by methanolysis, methylation analysis and 75 MHz 13C-NMR spectroscopy; Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc (HM-3a), Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-6Gal beta 1-4Glc (HM-3b) and Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3[Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-6]Gal beta 1-4Glc (HM-5). 3. HM-3a and HM-5 have been found in human milk, named as lacto-N-neotetraose and lacto-N-neohexaose, respectively. HM-3b has been isolated from g...
Immunohistochemical detection of papillomavirus structural antigens in animal hyperplastic and neoplastic epithelial lesions. One hundred and seventy-two hyperplastic and neoplastic epithelial lesions from 8 different mammalian and 1 avian species have been tested with an immunohistochemical technique to detect papillomavirus structural antigens. Selected lesions were diagnosed histologically as papilloma, fibropapilloma, equine sarcoid, squamous cell carcinoma, basalioma, epulis, keratoacanthoma, trichoepithelioma, pilomatrixoma, epidermal inclusion cyst, and hyperkeratotic or acanthotic epidermal lesions. Positive nuclear staining was detected in 14 out of 23 papillomas, 8 out of 32 fibropapillomas and in 1 out of ...
[Social and behavioral organization of horses on the Giara (Sardinia): distribution and aggregation]. In this paper some considerations on the environment of the 42 Kmq of the volcanic-basaltic Giara tableland are discussed. Conditioning by the environment and its effect on the distribution of a population of 712 horses is illustrated in view of their social and behavioural organization.
Serum thromboxane generation by platelets in several domestic animal species. Blood collected from calves, sheep, goats, pigs, dogs, horses, ponies and donkeys, was allowed to clot under standard conditions. Thromboxane B2 generated during the clotting process was measured by radioimmunoassay in serum harvested from each sample. Highly significant differences were found between species and also between genera within a species. Highest concentrations of thromboxane B2 were detected in the dog samples (887.7 +/- 123.7 ng/ml) and lowest concentrations in samples from sheep (2.7 +/- 0.2 ng/ml). The amount of thromboxane produced per unit number of circulating platelets or p...
Methods for detection of immune-mediated neutropenia in horses, using antineutrophil serum of rabbit origin. Equine neutrophil antibody was raised in rabbits inoculated with equine neutrophils isolated to purity greater than 99.0%, using Percoll density-gradient sedimentation. Neutrophil antibody was detected by use of agar gel diffusion, leukoagglutination, indirect immunofluorescence, staphylococcal protein A and streptococcal protein G binding, and phagocytic inhibition techniques. Precipitin lines and leukoagglutination were seen in antiserum dilutions of 1:4 and 1:64, respectively. The specific nature of leukoagglutination was characterized by the formation of rosette-like clumps of neutrophils....
[Ethological foundations in relation to animal husbandry technics]. Ethological reflections concerning animal management and handling because of efficiency have to consider different factors of influence as for example animal/man-relationship, economy of labor and working conditions for men. Definitions of ethological methods were given, and the complexity between animal behavior and animal management were described. The quantification of men's ability to handle animals is treated. The evaluation of a cattle-keeping facility by the ethological concept of 'meeting of requirements and avoiding of damage' is reviewed.
A comparative study in twelve mammalian species of volume densities, volumes, and numerical densities of selected testis components, emphasizing those related to the Sertoli cell. Morphometric studies were performed on 12 mammalian species (degu, dog, guinea pig, hamster, human, monkey, mouse, opossum, rabbit, rat, stallion, and woodchuck) to determine volume density percentage (Vv%), volume (V), and numerical density (Nv) of seminiferous tubule components, especially those related to the Sertoli cell, and to make species comparisons. For most species, measurements were taken both from stages where elongate spermatids were deeply embedded within the Sertoli cell and from stages near sperm release where elongate spermatids were in shallow crypts within the Sertoli cell. ...
High-performance liquid chromatography determination of erythrocyte membrane phospholipid composition in several animal species. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the phospholipid (PL) composition of ovine, equine, bovine, porcine, and canine RBC membranes. Procedural modifications of established techniques provided for separation of 7 PL within a 15- to 20-minute sample run. Significant (P less than 0.05) differences were detected in RBC membrane PL composition among the various species. The concern for physiologic properties associated with hemolysis and/or sedimentation rate must include evaluation of differences in the PL bilayer structure.
Ancient origins of horsemanship. Archaeological evidence of horse domestication dates from 4000 BC in the Eurasian Steppes of the Ukraine. There, Indo-Europeans rode horses and herded them for meat. This had profound social and economic consequences which led to the development of nomadic equestrian cultures. The earliest direct evidence of riding is from Mesopotamian plaques, and correspondence of the Kings of Mari (2000 BC). Indo-Europeans brought the horse to the Near East and there, outside its natural habitat, used specialised knowledge to raise and train horses on a large scale for military use. Hittite instructions on ...
Muscle buffering capacity and dipeptide content in the thoroughbred horse, greyhound dog and man. 1. Muscle buffering capacity (beta m) and dipeptide content were measured in locomotory muscles of the Thoroughbred horse, Greyhound dog and Man. 2. Beta m and carnosine contents were highest in the horse. Anserine was only found in dog muscle. 3. The higher beta m in horse and dog muscle, compared with man, appears to be predominantly due to higher muscle contents of histidine containing dipeptides in these species.
Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from animal and human sources in Brazil. The susceptibilities of 760 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from animal infections (400), human infections (300) and healthy human carriers (60) to seven antibiotics were determined by an agar dilution technique. The isolates from human infections were more resistant to a wider spectrum of antibiotics than were the strains from animal infections and healthy human carriers. Amikacin and gentamicin were the most active drugs against all groups of strains.
Relationship between mitogen receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes and blastogenic responses to mitogen. The relationship between the optimum concentration of mitogen which induces lymphocyte blastogenic response and the receptor occupancy by mitogen was investigated. The receptor occupancies which induced maximal blastogenic activity in equine, bovine and canine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were 31.1 per cent, 26.5 per cent and 38.4 per cent with phytohaemagglutinin-P, and 48.2 per cent, 17.9 per cent and 24.5 per cent with concanavalin A, respectively. The data clearly show that each animal species had its own optimum concentration of mitogen for stimulation of PBL. Optimum concentration ...
Transbilayer movement of phosphatidylserine in nonhuman erythrocytes: evidence that the aminophospholipid transporter is a ubiquitous membrane protein. A 31-32-kDa integral membrane protein has been previously identified in erythrocytes as the protein most likely to be responsible for the transbilayer movement of phosphatidylserine (PS) [Connor & Schroit (1988) Biochemistry 27, 848-851]. Using similar techniques, we have identified analogous proteins of identical molecular weights in bovine, equine, ovine, porcine, canine, caprine, and rhesus red blood cells. Similar to human red blood cells, all of the mammalian cells were able to specifically transport an exogenously supplied fluorescent PS analogue from their outer-to-inner membrane le...
[Electron microscopic detection rate of enteral viruses in diarrhea of dogs, cats, calves, swine and foals in the year 1988–electron microscopic study results]. During 1988 fecal and gut samples of 641 dogs, 198 cats, 576 calves, 108 piglets and 64 foals with diarrhoea were investigated for virus infections by electron microscopy. In samples of dogs and cats parvovirus was detected at a proportion of 21.9% and 16.7%, respectively; rotavirus alone or together with coronavirus was found only in 0.3-1.5% of the specimens. In samples of calves rotavirus, as well as coronavirus dominated with a detection rate amounting to 17.4% and 26.6% respectively (including 4.5% of mixed infections); parvovirus was present in a ratio of 0.5%. Specimens of piglets mainl...