Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Disease Treatment
Disease treatment in horses encompasses a range of medical interventions and management strategies aimed at addressing various health conditions affecting equine species. These treatments can include pharmacological approaches, such as the administration of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and antiparasitic medications, as well as non-pharmacological methods like physical therapy, dietary adjustments, and surgical procedures. The selection of appropriate treatments depends on the specific disease, its severity, and the individual needs of the horse. This topic brings together peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the efficacy, safety, and advancements in therapeutic options for equine diseases, providing insights into best practices and emerging trends in equine veterinary medicine.
The potential of collagenase as a new therapy for separation of human retained placenta: hydrolytic potency on human, equine and bovine placentae. The purpose of this study was to determine to what degree bacterial collagenase may digest human placentae compared to equine and bovine placentae. Placenta samples from human, equine and bovine were incubated with bacterial collagenase solution at various concentrations. The degree of hydrolysis and collagen breakdown was measured by the release of total proteins and hydroxyproline into the incubation media. Also, whole placentae were injected via umbilical cord arteries with collagenase solution (200 U/ml, 200 ml total volume in human and 1000 ml in equine) and hydrolysis determined chemical...
Effect of sodium methyl arsinate and imidocarb dipropionate antiprotozoal drugs on the pharmacokinetic of gentamicin in equines. The pharmacokinetic behaviour of gentamicin sulphate (3.4 mg/kg bwt) was studied following its intramuscular injection to a group of horses and to another group of horses premedicated with sodium methyl arsinate (2 mg/kg bwt) or imidocarb dipropionate (4.8 mg/kg bwt). Considerable differences were observed in the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in pre-medicated horses and in horses which had received the antibiotic alone. Peak serum concentration of gentamicin (9.85 +/- 0.05 and 11.15 +/- 0.15 micrograms/ml) were attained within 1.45 +/- 0.05 and 0.92 +/- 0.04 h in arsinate and imidocarb-medica...
The effects of intra-articular methylprednisolone and exercise on the mechanical properties of articular cartilage in the horse. Intra-articular corticosteroids are widely used as anti-inflammatory agents for symptomatic management of arthritis, but their administration with concurrent exercise remains controversial. Biochemical and morphologic analysis of treated cartilage has revealed conflicting results, but previous biomechanical assessment has not been undertaken. Objective: To compare the biomechanical properties of intra-articular methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) and diluent treated cartilage in treadmill exercised horses. Methods: Eight 2-year-old female horses had MPA or diluent administered into contralateral ...
Inhaled leukotrienes cause bronchoconstriction and neutrophil accumulation in horses. Leukotrienes have been shown to mimic many of the pathophysiological processes in allergic airway disease. In this study the bronchoconstrictor effect of inhaled LTD4, and radiolabelled neutrophil accumulation in response to inhalation of LTB4, have been examined in the horse. In separate studies, solutions of LTD4 and LTB4 were administered to the airways of normal animals by nebulisation. LTD4, but not LTB4, caused a dose-dependent increase in pleural pressure which was maximal at three to four minutes and had returned to baseline by 15 to 20 minutes. On a molar basis LTD4 was 305 to 970 tim...
Local and systemic isotype-specific antibody responses to equine influenza virus infection versus conventional vaccination. Inactivated alum-adjuvanted conventional equine influenza virus vaccines are of poor efficacy and offer limited short-term protection against infection. In sharp contrast, natural infection with equine influenza virus confers long-term protective immunity. In order to identify the protective immune responses to equine influenza virus, the influenza virus-specific IgA, IgGa, IgGb, IgGc and IgG(T) antibody responses in nasal secretions and serum induced by natural infection and a commercial vaccine were studied by ELISA. Two groups of four influenza-naive ponies were established. In the natural ...
Equine malignant lymphomas: morphologic and immunohistochemical classification. Gross lesions, microscopic appearance, and immunophenotyping are reported in a retrospective study of 31 cases of equine malignant lymphoma. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Monoclonal antibodies to surface glycoprotein BLA.36 and intracytoplasmic domains of mb-1 and B29 were used to document the presence of B lymphocytes in the equine tumors. Polyclonal antibody to CD3 and monoclonal antibodies to T-lymphocyte markers CD3 and CD5 revealed the presence of variable numbers of T cells within the equine lymphomas. The neoplastic com...
Zoonotic disease in Australia caused by a novel member of the paramyxoviridae.
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Twenty-three horses and three humans in Queensland, Australia, were infected with a novel member of the Paramyxoviridae family of viruses in two geographically distinct outbreaks. Two of the humans died-one died of rapid-onset respiratory illness, and the other died of encephalitis. The third infected human developed an influenza-like illness and made a complete recovery. All infected humans had close contact with sick horses. Since the two outbreaks occurred at sites 1,000 km apart and no known contact between the two groups of humans and horses occurred, extensive testing of animals and bird... Effect of the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, fenleuton, on antigen-induced neutrophil accumulation and lung function changes in horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The leukotrienes (LT) LTD4 and LTB4 have been shown to cause bronchoconstriction and neutrophil accumulation, respectively, in horse lungs. Such changes are characteristic of the equine allergic respiratory disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To further investigate the role of these putative mediators in the pathogenesis of equine COPD the effect of a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, fenleuton, on antigen-induced changes in horses with this condition has been examined. Six horses with COPD underwent a series of four antigen challenges, one month apart, with placebo pre-treatment on...
Molecular basis for antigenic variation of a protective strain-specific antigen of Ehrlichia risticii. Ehrlichia risticii, the causative agent of Potomac horse fever, has recently been isolated from many vaccinated horses with typical clinical signs of the disease. The heterogeneity of the E. risticii isolates obtained from the vaccinated horses necessitates the identification of the molecular basis of strain variations to elucidate the vaccine failure and to aid in the development of an efficient vaccine against this disease. As an attempt, two major cross-reacting surface antigen genes of 50- and 85-kDa antigens, present separately in strains 25-D (isolated in 1984) and 90-12 (isolated in 199...
Suspected bacterial meningoencephalitis in two adult horses. Bacterial infections (such as meningitis or meningoencephalitis) of the central nervous system are rare in horses. They are most prevalent in neonates as a result of septicaemia. A few cases have been reported in the adult and most have been fatal. Streptococcal species appear to be the organism most commonly identified in these cases. Thus, this disease may be a secondary complication of upper respiratory tract infections. Clinical signs are extremely variable making diagnosis difficult. In most cases, postmortem has been the definite diagnostic procedure. This paper describes the clinical co...
Changes in third carpal bone articular cartilage after synovectomy in normal and inflamed joints. To determine if arthroscopic synovectomy in normal and inflamed joints had temporal or site-related effects on articular cartilage. Methods: Alterations in equine third carpal bone articular cartilage were studied at two time periods: groups 1 and 2 (6 weeks) and groups 3 and 4 (2 weeks) after synovectomy in normal (groups 2 and 4) and inflamed carpi (groups 1 and 3). Methods: 16 carpi from eight horses. Methods: Biochemical and biomechanical properties of dorsal and palmar articular cartilage were determined by radioloabeling, proteoglycan (PG) extraction, chromatography, electrophoresis, and...
Incomplete oblique sagittal fractures of the dorsal cortex of the third metacarpal bone in six horses. To describe incomplete oblique sagittal dorsal cortical fractures of the equine third metacarpal bone, their surgical repair, and subsequent performance of the horses. Methods: Retrospective examination of medical records and racing performance. Methods: Six Thoroughbred race horses, 2 to 4 years of age. Methods: Radiographic confirmation of all fractures preceded general anesthesia and surgical correction. Three fractures were treated by intracortical compression using screws placed in lag fashion, and five fractures were treated by osteostixis. Race records were reviewed for each horse to de...
Epidural injection of ketamine for perineal analgesia in the horse. To determine the analgesic, sedative, and cardiopulmonary effects of epidural ketamine in the horse. Methods: Six healthy horses (three males and three females) weighing between 350 and 450 kg. Methods: Three doses of ketamine were selected (0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg). Two months before the beginning of experiments, the carotid artery was exteriorized, and 1 week before experiments began, an epidural catheter was placed percutaneously in all animals with the tip located 12 cm cranially in the midsacrum. One week later, either saline (control) or one of three doses of ketamine was injected epidurally. Ea...
Redescription of Babesia equi Laveran, 1901 as Theileria equi Mehlhorn, Schein 1998. The horse-parasitizing species Babesia equi Laveran, 1901 was redescribed as Theileria equi Mehlhorn, Schein 1998 and, thus, transferred from one valid genus to another. This transfer was needed since it turned out that this horse parasite showed the relevant characteristics of theilerians with regard to biological data, morphological features, biochemical properties, and molecular biological relationships.
Effect of a competitive inhibitor of platelet aggregation on experimentally induced laminitis in ponies. To determining whether inhibition of platelet aggregation prevents development of carbohydrate overload-induced alimentary laminitis. Methods: 22 healthy adult ponies. Methods: Acute laminitis was induced by oral administration of corn starch/wood flour to 16 ponies, 8 of which were treated with a synthetic analogue of the platelet fibrinogen receptor antagonist peptide (RPR) RGDS (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-serine) 110885; 6 ponies served as negative controls. Blood was collected before and at 4, 8, 12, 24, 28, and 32 hours after administration of carbohydrate overload, and PCV, total pla...
[The proximal sesamoid bone of the horse; vascular and neurologic characteristics]. Sesamoiditis is characterized clinically by repeated lameness and radiologically by changes in the proximal sesamoid bones. This thesis, which was defended in June 1997, investigated two characteristics of sesamoiditis, namely the arterial blood supply and the innervation of the proximal sesamoid bones, in order to gain more insight into the etiopathogenesis of sesamoiditis. Experiments with patient material showed that the proximal sesamoid bones have an enormous arterial reserve, due in part to the formation of an arterial shift. Moreover, the sesamoid bones have their own sensory innervatio...
Clinical appearances, healing patterns, risk factors, and outcomes of horses with fungal keratitis: 53 cases (1978-1996). To compare initial clinical appearances, healing mechanisms, risk factors, and outcomes of horses with fungal keratitis. Methods: Retrospective analysis. Methods: 52 horses (53 eyes) with fungal keratitis. Methods: Medical records and clinical photographs of eyes were reviewed. Keratomycoses were categorized on the basis of clinical appearance at initial examination and pattern of healing. Results: Five distinct forms of mycotic keratitis were recognized. Of 53 affected eyes, 34 (64%) retained sight and had varying degrees of corneal scarring after treatment, 6 (11%) had a cosmetic appearance ...
Immunologic function in horses after non-specific immunostimulant administration. Inactivated Propionibacterium acnes is a biologic response modifier for treatment of non-specific respiratory disease in horses. The objectives of this investigation were to determine alterations in phagocytic activity, phenotypic expression of lymphocyte subpopulations and lymphokine-activated killing cell response in healthy young horses. Samples were collected on day 0, 7 and 14 of the investigation. Blood samples were obtained via jugular venipuncture and pulmonary leukocytes were recovered via bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Commercially available P. acnes (Eqstim) was administered intraven...
Observations on the Echinococcus granulosus horse strain in Spain. The Spanish sheep and horse strains of Echinococcus granulosus possess several differential characteristics in their metacestode stage. Cysts from sheep vary widely in size and fertility, but they usually have a thin cyst wall and, when fertile, a whitish hydatid sand formed by brood capsules and protoscoleces. Two types of infections have been observed in horses: one resembling that of sheep, caused by small, non-fertile cysts with a thin wall, and a second type caused by medium to large, always fertile cysts with a thick wall. In this latter case, hydatid sand is always dark brown in color a...
Use of metronidazole in equine acute idiopathic toxaemic colitis. Sixteen cases of acute idiopathic toxaemic colitis developed in a veterinary hospital over a period of three years. Before the onset of colitis, 15 horses had received antibiotics, 11 had undergone general anaesthesia and various surgical procedures, and 10 had been treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The horses had acute onset, profuse watery diarrhoea, profound depression, mild to moderate abdominal pain, reduced intestinal borborygmi, tachycardia, dehydration and endotoxic shock. Leucopenia, neutropenia and pyrexia were common early indicators of impending colitis. Metronida...
Efficacy of moxidectin 2% oral gel against second- and third-instar Gasterophilus intestinalis De Geer. In a trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of the recommended dosage of moxidectin 2% oral gel against the gastric stages of Gasterophilus spp., 14 ponies were selected from a herd on the basis of the inclusion criterion of the presence of Gasterophilus spp. eggs attached to their hair coats. After random allocation, the ponies were treated with 1 of 2 treatments, moxidectin 2% equine gel in a single dose at the commercial dosage of 400 microg moxidectin/kg body weight or placebo gel. The animals were necropsied 14 days posttreatment. Efficacies against second- and third-instar Gasterophilus...
Direct sequencing of the HA gene of clinical equine H3N8 influenza virus and comparison with laboratory derived viruses. Equine influenza viruses propagated in the laboratory in alternate hosts such as embryonated hens' eggs or mammalian cell culture have been analysed by HA sequencing and antigenically and their sequence compared to the original virus present in clinical material. In contrast to clinically derived human influenza virus which generally grows in MDCK cells without change, the data for equine influenza virus were less clear in that variants of equine virus were derived in both eggs and cells. The study indicated that the current use of eggs for equine influenza virus surveillance and vaccine produ...
[Tinea caused by Trichophyton equinum]. We report on the first human infection with Trichophyton equinum in Germany, which was transmitted from an infected pony to a 12-year old girl. Trichophyton equinum was identified by its morphology, dependency on nicotinic acid, hair perforation, and enzyme production. A noteworthy new observation was the development of white pleomorphic tufts on the surface of thalli grown on potatoe-dextrose agar. The girl's tinea was non-inflammatory and responded promptly to topical treatment, whereas the pony's strongly inflammatory lesions persisted for months. In supernatants of cultures supplemented wi...
Epidemiological aspects of dermatophyte infections in horses and cattle. Ringworm infections in the principal domestic animals are a major public and veterinary health problem. The aetiology, epidemiology and symptomatology of these mycoses are quite heterogeneous and complex. In this context, the AA carried out an epidemiological study to investigate the prevalence of dermatophytes in two different animal species, horses (n = 200) belonging to 10 private stables and cattle (n = 1900) belonging to farms with different breeding purposes and management. With regard to horses the results showed a positive level of 9% and Trichophyton equinum was the major organism iso...
