The topic of drugs and horses encompasses the study of various pharmacological agents used in equine medicine for therapeutic purposes. This includes the administration of medications for pain management, disease treatment, and performance enhancement. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in horses are key areas of research, as they determine the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of these substances. Additionally, the topic covers the detection and regulation of substances in competitive equestrian sports to ensure fair play and animal welfare. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the effects, safety, and regulatory aspects of drug use in equine health and performance.
Cooper LG, Benard BP, Nielsen MK, Caffe G, Arroyo F, Anziani OS.In Argentina, as in the rest of the world, cyathostomins are the most common nematodes parasitizing horses. Control is based almost exclusively on the administration of benzimidazoles, pyrimidines, and macrocyclic lactones. However, intensive use of these drugs is resulting in the development of anthelmintic resistance (AR). For example, AR to benzimidazoles is currently distributed throughout Argentina, while incipient AR to pyrimidines (pyrantel embonate) is appearing in areas where this drug is used. Macrocyclic lactones and especially ivermectin, are by far the most used drugs by the vast ...
Emiru AY, Regassa F, Endebu Duguma B, Kassaye A, Desyebelew B.Effective therapy for many infections is becoming difficult due to the evolutionary development of drug resistance, and hence, the development of alternative treatment options mainly from herbs is crucial. The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of ethanol extracts of stem bark, leaves and roots of Combretum molle against Streptococcus equi isolated from clinical cases of strangles using in vitro tests. Methods: Plant extraction was performed using a maceration technique with 80% ethanol. The mean zone of inhibition was determined using the agar well diffusion ...
Holmes JC, Arojojoye AS, Awuah SG, Eisenberg R, Fenger CK, Maylin GA, Brewer K, Tobin T.Detomidine, 5-[(2,3-dimethylphenyl)methyl]-1H-imidazole, is a tranquilizer/sedative/analgesic widely used in equine medicine and regulated by several different analyte concentrations of detomidine and its hydroxydetomidine and carboxydetomidine metabolites in plasma and urine. Accurate regulatory quantitation of detomidine at low picogram/mL concentrations requires the availability of a stable isotope internal standard of detomidine; however, to the best of our knowledge, no certified deuterated internal standard of detomidine is commercially available and its synthesis has not been reported. ...
Vandaele Z, Flyps J, Cuypers C, De Baere S, Devreese M, Schauvliege S.Subanaesthetic doses of ketamine (0.5 mg kg) provide analgesia in several species, but there is limited information on the pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of intramuscularly administered ketamine in horses. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of ketamine and norketamine, and evaluated clinical effects, ataxia, and vital parameters, following intramuscular and intravenous administration of 0.5 mg kg ketamine in nine healthy horses, using a randomized two-period crossover design with a 1-week washout period. Plasma concentrations were analyzed using Ultra-High Performance ...
Sakai DM, Ishikawa Y, Im JSY, Zhang S, Reed RA, Quandt JE, Barletta M, Knych HK.Administering large volumes of bupivacaine in the rectus abdominis sheath (RAS) block in horses could cause local anesthetic toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of 2 mg/kg bupivacaine in RAS blocks and the associated toxicity risk. Six healthy adult horses were sedated with xylazine and received an ultrasound-guided bilateral 2-point RAS block. Plasma samples were collected at baseline and from 5 min to 24 h after the block and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A noncompartmental analysis was performed to determine the maximum concentr...
Huguet A-S, Gourbeyre O, Bousquet-Mélou A, Ferran AA, Lallemand EA. is an opportunistic intracellular pathogen responsible for severe respiratory infections in foals, requiring prolonged antibiotic treatment. Despite its susceptibility to multiple antibiotics, the eradication of intracellular remains challenging due to its ability to persist and survive within alveolar macrophages. This study aimed to assess the extracellular and intracellular activity of rifampicin, doxycycline, and four macrolides against while assessing current methodologies used to differentiate intracellular and extracellular bacteria. We found that the removal of extracellular wit...
