Equine health encompasses the study and management of diseases, disorders, and overall well-being of horses. It involves understanding various physiological systems, preventive care, and treatment strategies to maintain optimal health in equine populations. Common areas of focus include nutrition, infectious diseases, orthopedic conditions, and reproductive health. Research in equine health aims to advance knowledge on diagnostic methods, therapeutic interventions, and management practices that improve horse welfare and performance. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse aspects of equine health, offering insights into current findings and advancements in the field.
Poitras P, Guay P, Vaillancourt D, Zidane N, Bigras-Poulin M.The main objective of this study was to evaluate two freezing protocols and the effect of agar embedding on survival of day 6.5 equine embryos. A total of 133 embryos were used, in one group (n = 51), embryos were first embedded in agar before the freezing protocol was started. A freezing protocol to -30 degrees C or -33 degrees C was used before plunging embryos into liquid nitrogen (LN2). The embryos were thawed in water at 37 degrees C, evaluated and placed in culture. After 24 h culture, the embryos were evaluated for their morphology and development. No differences were observed between e...
Manohar M, Goetz TE, Hutchens E, Coney E.Right atrial, pulmonary artery, pulmonary capillary, pulmonary artery wedge, and systemic blood pressures of strenuously exercising horses increase markedly. As a consequence, myocardial metabolic O2 demand in exercising horses must be high. Experiments were, therefore, carried out on 9 healthy, exercise-conditioned horses (2.5 to 8 years old; 481 +/- 16 kg) to ascertain the regional distribution of myocardial blood supply in the atria and ventricles at rest and during exercise. Blood flow was measured, using 15-micron-diameter radionuclide-labeled microspheres that were injected into the left...
Wang W, Liu AH, Lin SY, Lan H, Su B, Xie DW, Shi LM.mtDNA genotypes of six domestic horses (three adult short horses whose heights are under 1 m and three common domestic horses) from a small region of 15 km2 in Malipo county of Yunnan province of China were investigated by the technique of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with 16 restriction endonucleases which recognize 6-bp sequences. An average of 56 fragments for an individual was obtained. Unlike other domestic animals, this population of horses exhibits high mtDNA genetic diversity. Each of the six horses has a specific mtDNA genotype showing a pattern of multiple maternal...
Abass BT, Weaver BM, Staddon GE, Waterman AW.The pharmacokinetics of thiopentone sodium administered intravenously as a single dose (11 mg/kg) were studied in acepromazine pre-medicated horses and ponies in which anaesthesia was maintained with either halothane (Group 1) or isoflurane (Group 2). The results showed that the disposition kinetics of thiopentone in horses and ponies were best described by a three-compartment open model. In plasma, a very short initial distribution phase in both horses and ponies, half-life 1.4 +/- 1.2 min (mean +/- SD) and 1.3 +/- 0.7 min, respectively, was obtained, which was followed by a second comparativ...
Ciarlet M, Reggeti F, Piña CI, Liprandi F.Two group A rotavirus strains isolated from diarrheic foals in Venezuela were classified as belonging to G14 serotype by cross-neutralization tests and on the basis of the homology of the sequenced VP7 gene. This report confirms that rotavirus strains of G14 serotype specificity circulate among equine populations.
Nowicki ST, Minning-Wenz D, Johnston KH, Lottenberg R.Streptokinases are proteins with plasminogen activator activity produced by certain hemolytic streptococci. We previously identified equine streptococcal isolates which produced streptokinases (ESKs) that bound both human and equine plasminogen but only readily activated equine plasminogen (14). This property was exploited to purify a representative ESK produced by Streptococcus equisimilis strain 87-542-W. Affinity chromatography with human plasminogen resulted in the isolation of a M(r) approximately 49,000 molecule with two isoforms. This ESK was subsequently compared to well characterized ...
Moore RM, Muir WW, Bertone AL, Beard WL.Effects of low-flow ischemia and reperfusion of the large colon on systemic and colonic hemodynamic and metabolic variables were determined in horses. Twenty-four adult horses were randomly allocated to 3 groups: sham-operated (n = 6), 6 hours of ischemia (n = 9), and 3 hours of ischemia and 3 hours of reperfusion (n = 9). Low-flow ischemia was induced in groups 2 and 3 by reducing colonic arterial blood flow to 20% of baseline. Heart rate, arterial blood pressures, cardiac index, pulmonary artery pressure, right atrial pressure, and colonic blood flow were monitored. Arterial, mixed-venous, a...
Delbeke FT, Landuyt J, Debackere M.Concentrations of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) alclofenac were determined by a sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic procedure in plasma and urine of horses following oral administration of a dose of 3 g. In plasma, alclofenac was present in detectable concentrations for 72 h. The plasma disposition in individual horses was best described by a bi-compartmental model with two successive rate constants ka1 = 0.05 +/- 0.06 h-1 and ka2 = 0.06 +/- 0.01 h-1. Alclofenac half-lives t1/2 alpha and t1/2 beta were 1.0 +/- 0.8 h and 6.9 +/- 1.5 h, respectively. Maximal conc...
Serteyn D, Pincemail J, Mottart E, Caudron I, Deby C, Deby-Dupont G, Philippart C, Lamy M.This preliminary study demonstrated the existence of a free radical generation during an experimental postischemic muscular reperfusion in a halothane anesthetized horse. The authors used alpha-phényl-N-tert-butylnitrone as a spin trap agent and the electronic paramagnetic resonance method to observe in vivo a free radical generation. This preliminary study demonstrated the existence of a free radical generation during an experimental postischemic muscular reperfusion in a halothane anesthetized horse. The authors used alpha-phényl-N-tert-butylnitrone as a spin trap agent and the electronic ...
Lawrence LA, Ott EA, Miller GJ, Poulos PW, Piotrowski G, Asquith RL.Twenty-five pairs of equine third metacarpals (McIII) were collected from horses of varying breeds and ranging in age from 1 d to 27 yr. Standard three-point bending tests were performed on the McIII to obtain comparative data on breaking load (BL), breaking strength (BS), and elasticity (E). Broken bones were reassembled and 2-cm sections cut from the bone 1 cm below the nutrient foramen and at the site of the break. Bone mineral content (BMC) and geometrical properties of these sections were determined. Maximum BMC (17.3 g/2 cm) was reached at 6.0 +/- 1.8 yr of age. Horses in this study achi...
Maury W.In vivo, equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) replicates in tissues rich in macrophages, and it is widely believed that the tissue macrophage is the principal, if not sole, cell within the host that replicates virus. No viral replication has been detected in circulating peripheral blood monocytes. However, proviral DNA can be detected in these cells, and monocytes may serve as a reservoir for the virus. In this study, an in vitro model was developed to clarify the role of monocyte maturation in regulating EIAV expression. Freshly isolated, nonadherent equine peripheral blood monocytes were in...
Gobbetti A, Zerani M, Vannucci F, Marini R.To delineate endocrine mechanisms regulating equine luteal function and the possible functional differences between one month and three month corpora lutea of pregnancy (CL), the in vitro basal releases of prostaglandin F (PGF), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), progesterone, and 17 beta-estradiol by one and three month CL of pregnant mares were evaluated. In addition, the in vitro effects of PGF2 alpha PGE2, progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol on synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) and sex steroids were studied. PGF, PGE2, and 17 beta-estradiol secretion was higher in one month than in three month CL, wh...
Herd RP, Majewski GA.Studies on a Thoroughbred breeding farm in Ohio were done to: (1) compare the effects of daily administration of pyrantel tartrate feed pellets with monthly administration of a pyrantel pamoate paste to yearling horses (21 January-3 September); (2) assess the effects of daily pyrantel tartrate given strategically in spring/summer to foaling mares (1 April-16 August) and given for a prolonged period to barren mares (21 January-3 September); (3) determine if strategic medication of foaling mares with daily pyrantel tartrate protected their foals until weaning. There were no differences in cyatho...
Bauer JE.The metabolism and clinical potential for dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) modifications using oil supplements containing n-3 and n-6 fatty acids are reviewed. Their use in such disorders as renal disease, inflammatory and immune-related disorders, and dermatological conditions in dogs and cats is discussed. The influence of n-3 fatty acid-rich rations on the endotoxin response in horses is described. Progress has been made toward understanding the clinical potential for PUFAs in these species. However, they have not yet been shown to be efficacious in any of the conditions investig...
Belloli C, Arioli F, Beretta C, Madonna M.The contractile effects of the tachykinins eledoisin, substance P and neurokinin A and B were investigated in vitro on circular and longitudinal muscle strips from horse duodenum, ileum and colon. Circular smooth muscle of the small intestine was highly responsive, large intestine circular smooth muscle less so, while longitudinal muscle from all gut segments was much less sensitive. pD2 values and intrinsic activities on small intestine circular muscle indicated differences in receptor distribution between the duodenum and ileum: NK3 and a smaller number of NK2 receptors being present in the ...
Neumann RD, Ruby AL, Ling GV, Schiffman P, Johnson DL.Urinary calculi from 17 horses with urolithiasis were examined to study their mineral content and ultrastructure. Among the analytic methods used were X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and electron microprobe analysis. The calculi initially were observed by use of a stereoscopic dissecting microscope and generally were found to have nodular surfaces surrounding a banded or granular-to-chalky interior. Observation by scanning electron microscopy revealed an intricate pattern of irregularly concentric, fine bands and spherules. These had a round, finely banded, globular texture...
Moore RM, Bertone AL, Bailey MQ, Muir WW, Beard WL.Histomorphologic/morphometric evaluation, leukocyte scintigraphy, and myeloperoxidase activity were used to determine whether neutrophils accumulate in the large colon of horses during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion. Twenty-four adult horses were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: group 1, sham-operated (n = 6); group 2, 6 hours of ischemia (n = 9); and group 3, 3 hours of ischemia and 3 hours of reperfusion (n = 9). Low-flow ischemia of the large colon was induced in horses of groups 2 and 3 by reducing colonic arterial blood flow to 20% of baseline. Radiolabeled (99mTc) autogenous neutrophils wer...
Odenkirchen S, Huskamp B, Scheidemann W.Two cases of congenital anomalies of the urinary tract of horses are described. In case 1 there was an ectopia ureteris sinistri in an one-year-old mare. The animal showed urinary incontinence without affects of the general condition. The diagnosis was made by rectal, ultrasonic and vaginoscopic examination. Therapeutically a nephrectomy of the left kidney was carried out. In case 2 a six-year-old gelding had a congenital diverticulum at the neck of the urinary bladder. It showed colic during urination, dropping of urine and haematuria. The diagnosis was made by rectal exploration, ultrasonic ...
Whitton RC, Kannegieter NJ.The clinical presentation and outcome of treatment is presented for 26 cases of osteochondral fragmentation of the plantar/palmar proximal aspect of the proximal phalanx. Twenty-three were racing Standardbreds and three were racing Thoroughbreds. The most common reason for presentation was an inability to run straight at high speed. Only eight horses presented for lameness, although on examination 19 were lame. A positive flexion test was recorded in 90% of affected fetlock joints and effusion in 48%. Arthroscopic fragment removal was performed on 23 occasions in 21 horses and arthrotomy in on...
Comer JA, Irby WS, Kavanaugh DM.Hosts of Lutzomyia shannoni Dyar, a suspected biological vector of the New Jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis (VSNJ) virus, were determined using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of 333 blood-fed female sandflies collected from their diurnal resting shelters on Ossabaw Island, Georgia, U.S.A. Sandflies had fed primarily on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (81%) and to a lesser extent on feral swine (Sus scrofa) (16%), two species of host infected annually with VSNJ. Other hosts were raccoons (Procyon lotor) and horses (Equus caballus) or donkeys (E. asinus),...
Moore RM, Bertone AL, Muir WW, Stromberg PC, Beard WL.Effects of low-flow ischemia and reperfusion of the large colon on mucosal architecture were determined in horses. Twenty-four adult horses were randomly allocated to 3 groups: sham-operated (n = 6), 6 hours of ischemia (n = 9), and 3 hours of ischemia and 3 hours of reperfusion (n = 9). Low-flow ischemia was induced in horses of groups 2 and 3 by reducing colonic arterial blood flow to 20% of baseline values. Systemic hemodynamic and metabolic variables were maintained constant and in a normal physiologic range. Full-thickness biopsy specimens were obtained from the left ventral colon for his...
Chambers TM, Shortridge KF, Li PH, Powell DG, Watkins KL.The Directigen FLU-A enzyme immunoassay was tested for its ability to detect equine-2 influenza viruses in nasopharyngeal fluids from horses and ponies. A total of 125 swabs from experimental infections and from different sources of natural infection in the USA and Hong Kong were examined. The assay results were compared with the results of standard virus culture in embryonated chicken eggs or Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, and with the serology of the horses sampled. In comparison with virus culture the enzyme immunoassay exhibited 83 per cent sensitivity, 78 per cent specificity, 70 per ce...
Crabill MR, Honnas CM, Taylor DS, Schumacher J, Watkins JP, Snyder JR.A review of medical records was used to identify 10 horses in which stringhalt developed subsequent to trauma to the dorsal metatarsus. Six horses developed stringhalt within 3 months after injury, 3 horses developed stringhalt > 3 months after injury, and time from injury to stringhalt was unknown for 1 horse. Horses were treated with exercise, including daily hand-walking with pasture turnout, followed by lunging; or surgically, using lateral digital extensor myotenectomy. Of the horses treated with exercise, 1 had resolution of stringhalt, 2 improved but had residual stringhalt, and 1 ha...
Crabill MR, Watkins JP, Morris EL, Helman RG, Schmitz DG.A diagnosis of degenerative joint disease secondary to an intra-articular metallic foreign body in the right metacarpophalangeal joint was made in a Quarter Horse gelding. Arthroscopy, performed to evaluate the joint and remove the foreign body, revealed yellow discoloration of the articular cartilage and synovium, and blunting and proliferation of the synovium. The foreign body was identified as a lead sphere. Microscopic examination of synovium revealed chronic synovitis, with accumulation of hemosiderin and multifocal, mild mineralization. Another pigment was evident extracellularly in the ...
van Duijkeren E, Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan MM, Houwers DJ, van Leeuwen WJ, Kalsbeek HC.During 1990 and 1991, 380 faecal samples were collected from horses with diarrhoea. Sixty-nine (18 per cent) of the samples yielded a positive culture for Salmonella species, and salmonellae were cultured directly from 37 (54 per cent) of these cases. In 32 (46 per cent) of the cases the salmonellae were found after culturing the organism in an enrichment medium. Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from 43 samples, S hadar from three samples, S arizona from two, S enteritidis from two, S virchow from one, S blockley from one and S bareilly from one sample. In 1990, S typhimurium phage type 200...
Recio P, Prieto D, Martínez MP, García P, Rivera L, Benedito S, Martínez AC, Sacristán AG, Orensanz LM, Hernández M.Our aim was to study the presence of noradrenergic nerves and to characterize the alpha-adrenergic receptors involved in the contractions to electrical field stimulation and to alpha-adrenergic agonists of the horse penile deep dorsal vein. Noradrenergic fibres were visualized by immunohistochemistry using an antibody against dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH). For functional studies, the responses of the venous rings to electrical field stimulation and to alpha-adrenergic agonists (noradrenaline, phenylephrine and BHT 920) were studied in the absence and the presence of noradrenergic transmissio...
Hill FW, Knottenbelt DC, van Laeren K.One month after falling heavily a four-year-old horse developed acute colic while being exercised. A tentative diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia was reached on the basis of the clinical findings and confirmed at laparotomy. The defect was repaired and the horse made an uneventful recovery.
Horohov DW, Loynachan AT, Page AE, Hughes K, Timoney JF, Fettinger M, Hatch T, Spaulding JG, McMichael J.Rhodococcus equi is a soil borne bacterium that causes severe morbidity and death in young foals. The economic costs of the disease include loss of life, treatment expenses, veterinary monitoring expenses and, perhaps most importantly, potential reduction in future athletic performance in horses that suffer severe lung abscessations caused by R. equi. Current standard of care for pneumonia caused by R. equi is treatment with a macrolide antimicrobial and rifampicin. However, the hallmark of pneumonia caused by R. equi is severe formation of pyogranulomas and a walling off effect that can preve...
Maede Y, Inaba M, Amano Y, Murase T, Goto I, Itakura C.Cryoglobulin was isolated from a horse which had glomerulo-nephritis and a history of swelling and skin ulcers of the limbs in the winter. The isolated cryoglobulin showed a single peak on a gel permeation chromatography column with an apparent molecular mass (Mr) of 180,000 which could be divided into two gamma bands by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis revealed that the cryoglobulin formed two precipitation lines with anti-horse IgG. Spur formation was observed when the cryoglobulin and the IgG purified from a normal healthy horse were cross-reacted with anti-...
Bertone AL, Cockerell GL, Lee RE, Stashak TS.Light microscopy, morphometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the mucosal morphology of seven intestinal specimens (three from the small intestine and four from the large intestine) from two horses not subjected to surgery and three horses one year after sham-operation for colon resection. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation revealed similar morphology for all horses except that the unoperated horses had significantly (P < 0.05) fewer goblet cells in the crypts of the large intestine. In the small intestine, SEM demonstrated that villus shape varied and range...
Kaur N, Townsend H, Lohmann K, Marques F, Singh B.Rhodococcus equi establishes long-term pulmonary infection, survives in phagolysosomes of alveolar macrophages and causes pneumonia in foals. The failure of the foal to clear R. equi bacteria is believed to be due to its inability to produce IFN-γ and defects in Toll-like receptor(TLR) signaling. Lipid rafts sequester immune receptors such as TLRs and facilitate efficient cell signaling and therefore, a deficiency in accumulation of receptors in lipid rafts may result in failure to activate. We tested whether a Virulence Associated Protein A (VapA)/CpG vaccine against R. equi would impact the...
Iametti BS, Tedeschi G, Oungre E, Bonomi F.In this work the purification and the complete primary structure of kappa-casein from equine milk are reported for the first time. Mares' milk casein was separated by RP-HPLC into four fractions. Complete primary sequence was obtained by sequence analysis of the protein in the fastest eluting peak isolated by chromatography. This sequence was 95% identical to that reported for the C-terminal portion of the zebras' kappa-casein and showed high similarity with kappa-caseins from sources other than Equidae, confirming that this protein was indeed kappa-casein in equine milk. The presence of post-...
Steiss JE, Forsyth G.The effect of needle electromyography (EMG) on serum creatine kinase (CK) activity was determined, using clinically normal dogs (males and females; n = 8) and horses (females; n = 8). All animals appeared normal on EMG evaluation. Serum CK was measured before and 4, 24, and 48 hours after EMG. Except for a single 24-hour sample in a dog, the animals did not have abnormally increased serum CK activity after EMG. For dogs and horses, mean values were increased, but within normal range at 4 and 24 hours and returned to base-line values by 48 hours after EMG. For dogs, but not for horses, these CK...
Tanner JC, Barrell GK.Despite being a large commercial breeding industry, there is little published data on the reproductive success of Standardbred mares. Objective: To quantify the reproductive performance of Standardbred mares under artificial breeding systems in a commercial setting and determine the incidence of early embryonic and other pre-partum losses. Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Data from four commercial farms were collected across four breeding years, and all mares were bred via artificial insemination. A total of 3995 mares contributed 7229 mare years. First-cycle pregnancy rate (FCPR)...
Cargile JL, MacKay RJ, Dankert JR, Skelley L.Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) is an important mediator of endotoxin-induced pathologic changes. To help define the role of TNF in equids with endotoxemia, the effects of pretreatment with a murine monoclonal antibody (MAB) against equine TNF were evaluated in Miniature Horses given endotoxin. Five horses were given TNF MAB at a dosage of 1.86 mg/kg of body weight, IV, and 5 were given control MAB. Five minutes later, lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Escherichia coli O55:B5), 0.25 microgram/kg, was given to all horses by bolus IV infusion. Clinical signs of disease were monitored at intervals up to...
Furr M, Pontzer C, Gasper P.The percentages of T-lymphocytes, lymphocyte subsets CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, and lymphocyte adhesion molecule CD11a/CD18 were determined in the peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of seven normal horses and four horses with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) using flow cytometry. There was a greater percentage of CD5+ cells in the CSF (79.0%) than in peripheral blood (67.0%), although this did not achieve statistical significance. Furthermore, the lymphocyte population in CSF comprises a significantly greater (P = .01) percentage of CD8+ T-cells, resulting in a decrease of the ...
Bain FT.Cytology can be a rewarding diagnostic technique in equine practice. The respiratory tract readily lends itself to sampling for cytologic evaluation from the upper to lower regions of the system. This article discusses preservation and staining techniques that will allow the practitioner to present satisfactory samples to the laboratory. General considerations for cytologic analysis are discussed as well as the specific findings for individual disorders of the respiratory tract. The proper use of cytologic findings in conjunction with other diagnostic techniques for the respiratory tract are a...
Pedersen HG, Watson ED, Telfer EE.During the oestrous cycle follicles grow and either ovulate or regress. Regressing follicles undergo atresia and in many species apoptosis has been identified as the underlying mechanism in this process. The aims of this study were to establish whether equine granulosa cells degenerate via an apoptotic mechanism and whether the presence of apoptotic cell death in granulosa cells is correlated with oocyte quality. Ovaries from mares at unknown stages of the oestrous cycle were obtained from an abattoir. In Expt 1, follicles (n=352) from 37 mares were processed. DNA was extracted from granulosa ...
Ranner W, Schill W, Gerhards H.The radiological examination of the thoracolumbar spine of a horse with a potential back problem is most important in order to come to a diagnosis and the imaging method of choice. The use of parallel grid-cassettes, appropriate films, rare earth screens and aluminium filters requires radiographic equipment with an output of 60-120 kV and 25-90 mAs. By use of this technique in the standing horse it is possible to obtain radiographs of the summits of the dorsal spinal processes of the thoracolumbar spine from the first thoracic (T1) to approximately the third of fourth lumbar vertebrae (L3/4). ...
Nakken G, Kirk J, Fjordbakk CT.Autologous conditioned serum (ACS), i.e serum enriched with anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, is a popular orthobiologic therapy used in equine practice. Costly specialized tubes containing glass beads are commonly used for ACS production. The objective of this in vitro study was to compare cytokine and growth factor levels in equine serum after incubation in three different tubes: commercial plastic ACS tubes (COMM); sterile 50 ml plastic centrifugation tubes (CEN); and 10 ml plastic vacutainer tubes (VAC). Blood from 15 healthy horses was incubated in the different tubes at 3...
Tozaki T, Kikuchi M, Kakoi H, Hirota KI, Mukai K, Aida H, Nakamura S, Nagata SI.Transcriptome analyses based on DNA microarray technology have been used to investigate gene expression profiles in horses. In this study, we aimed to identify exercise-induced changes in the expression profiles of genes in the peripheral blood of Thoroughbred horses using DNA microarray technology (15,429 genes on 43,603 probes). Blood samples from the jugular vein were collected from six horses before and 1 min, 4 hr, and 24 hr after all-out running on a treadmill. After the normalization of microarray data, a total of 26,830 probes were clustered into four groups and 11 subgroups showing si...
Bertone AL.The decision to perform a procedure in the standing patient rather than in a completely anesthetized patient depends on many factors, such as patient health, cost, time, facilities, and anesthetic expertise. Although the procedure often is technically easier to perform if the patient is anesthetized, cost and patient risk considerations may result in a decision to do the surgery standing. Surgical experience in performing procedures standing is important for a successful outcome.
Kumar S, Malhotra DV, Dhar S.The present study aimed to develop Dot-ELISA, complement fixation test (CFT) and capillary tube agglutination test (CAT) for serodiagnosis of Babesia equi infection and to compare their sensitivity with each other. For this study, sequential serum samples were collected from four donkeys experimentally infected with B. equi up to 90 days post infection (P.I.). B. equi antigen was prepared from the blood of a donkey showing more than 80% parasitaemia. Dot-ELISA, CF and CA tests were standardized as per the standard method. While performing CFT, it was observed that CFT standardized for the donk...
Klinc P, Kosec M, Majdic G.The success rate of artificial insemination following the freezing of stallion semen is limited; therefore, improving the stallion semen quality after the freezing and thawing process is a necessary objective. Objective: To investigate the influence of glass bead column separation on the freezability of stallion semen. Objective: Glass beads in a column separator remove damaged and dead spermatozoa in the ejaculate during centrifugation. Methods: In total, 50 ejaculates from 6 Lipizzaner stallions were studied. Each ejaculate was divided into 2 parts, one half processed following standard proc...
Cooper HE, Davidson EJ, Slack J, Ortved KF.To report the clinical features, treatment, and outcome in horses with cellulitis and concurrent septic tendonitis and/or desmitis. Methods: Short case series. Methods: Medical records from 2000 to 2019 were reviewed, identifying horses with cellulitis and concurrent septic tendonitis and/or desmitis based on sonographic examination and positive bacterial culture. Signalment, ultrasonographic results, bacterial culture, treatment, duration of hospitalization, and complications were recorded. Long-term outcome data were obtained from follow-up examinations and/or telephone interviews. Successfu...
Madigan J, Costa L, Nieves S, Horgan M, Weberg K, Aleman M.Entrapped, stranded and recumbent equids often require emergency rescue. The success of the rescue is often affected by secondary injuries from struggling of the horse to rise and from injury secondary to attempted rescue by pulling on the head or limbs of the equid. Therefore, having ready access to simplified rescue equipment which can be easily applied would be desirable. The devices currently available for these manipulations are not always readily available at the site of an incident. Here, we describe and illustrate the step-by-step use of a Loops System consisting of 183 cm round slings...
Pearson H, Weaver BM.The paper reports 6 cases of priapism with subsequent protrusion and paresis after neuroleptanalgesia and anaesthesia in horses. Five were ultimately treated by amputation of the penis but the sixth horse is responding satisfactorily to conservative treatment at the time of writing. Causative factors, preventive measures and possible methods of treatment are discussed.
Klein WR.Squamous cell carcinomas of the bovine eye and equine sarcoids are briefly reviewed. A single injection of BCG into the tumour results in permanent regression of the lesion in 37 per cent of the cattle, regression followed by recurrence of the tumour in 26 per cent and in progressive growth of the tumour in 37 per cent of the cases. Recurrence may be prevented by repeated injection into the lesion. From 50 to 60 per cent of the cows will remain free from tumours. Equine sarcoids show a complete regression in 70-80 per cent of the cases. Tumours on the limbs show a less satisfactory response (l...
Donnelly CG, Johnson AL, Reed S, Finno CJ.Cervical vertebral compressive myelopathy (CVCM) and equine neuroaxonal dystrophy/degenerative myeloencephalopathy (eNAD/EDM) are leading causes of spinal ataxia in horses. The conditions can be difficult to differentiate, and there is currently no diagnostic modality that offers a definitive antemortem diagnosis. Objective: Evaluate novel proteomic techniques and machine learning algorithms to predict biomarkers that can aid in the antemortem diagnosis of noninfectious spinal ataxia in horses. Methods: Banked serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from necropsy-confirmed adult eNAD/EDM (...
Boussauw BH, Domingo R, Wilderjans H, Picavet T.Six of eight horses with caecocolic intussusception were treated successfully by jejuno- or ileocolostomy. The other two horses were euthanased during surgery. Four of the six horses survived long term, but two died within two-and-a-half months, of problems related to the surgery. Compared with other techniques for treating caecocolic intussusception, jejuno- or ileocolostomy reduces surgical time and decreases the risk of abdominal contamination.
