Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Equine Health
Equine health encompasses the study and management of diseases, disorders, and overall well-being of horses. It involves understanding various physiological systems, preventive care, and treatment strategies to maintain optimal health in equine populations. Common areas of focus include nutrition, infectious diseases, orthopedic conditions, and reproductive health. Research in equine health aims to advance knowledge on diagnostic methods, therapeutic interventions, and management practices that improve horse welfare and performance. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse aspects of equine health, offering insights into current findings and advancements in the field.
Malignant medulloepithelioma of the optic nerve in a horse. An 18-month-old Standardbred filly had a large intraocular tumor involving the optic nerve. The tumor was a malignant medulloepithelioma, a rare intraocular neoplasm derived from the primitive medullary epithelium. By light microscopy the tumor had cords and lobules of primitive neuroepithelial cells that formed clefts and true rosettes. Electron microscopy of the rosettes showed a girdle of zonulae adherentes joining the apices of the cells as well as several basal bodies. This is the sixth report of equine intraocular medulloepithelioma, and, to the best of our knowledge, the first intraocul...
Blister beetle poisoning in horses. Case records of 21 horses with acute illness following ingestion of hay containing dead striped blister beetles (Epicauta spp) were selected for review. Abdominal pain, fever, depression, frequent urination, shock, and, occasionally, synchronous diaphragmatic flutter characterized clinical illness. Hematologic findings included hemoconcentration, neutrophilic leukocytosis, and hypocalcemia. Hematuria and low urine specific gravity were abnormal urinalysis results. Sloughing of the epithelium of the esophageal part of the stomach, hemorrhagic and ulcerative cystitis, enterocolitis, and myocardi...
Effects of endometrial biopsy, uterine culture, and cervical dilatation on the equine estrous cycle. In 10 mares, lysis of the corpus luteum was induced by endometrial biopsy and culture on day 4 after estrus, as evidenced by a sharp decline in serum progesterone concentration and a shortened interestrous interval. Estrus following the manipulations was prolonged. Endometrial biopsy and culture on days 1 and 3 after estrus or manually dilating the cervix on day 4 after estrus also decreased the serum progesterone concentration (within 24--48 hr after manipulation), shortened diestrus, and prolonged the subsequent estrus. In a 2nd experiment, endometrial biopsy on day 4 after estrus shortened ...
Rates of infection in, and transmission of, African horse-sickness virus by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Very low infection rates (less than 3%) were obtained when Aedes aegypti mosquitoes ingested blood contained 5.8--6.5 log10 MLD50/0.02 ml African horse sickness virus (AHSV). When A. aegypti mosquitoes were inoculated intrathoracically with virus, however, high infection rates were achieved. Mosquitoes infected by inoculum failed to transmit virus to embryonated hens eggs by bite, and virus could not be detected in membrane or blood when inoculated mosquitoes were allowed to engorge on uninfected blood through a chick skin membrane. It was concluded that the mosquito A. aegypti is unlikely to ...
Energy under-nutrition in the weanling filly foal. III. Effects on heart rate and subsequent voluntary food intake. In two separate experiments food intakes and heart rates were monitored in New Forest and Welsh filly foals maintained at constant weight (by energy restriction) or allowed to grow normally for 180 (New Forest) or 147 (Welsh) days. Subsequent to these periods voluntary food intakes from feeding the same diet for 107 days (New Forest ponies) and herbage dry matter intakes from allowing free access to pasture for 42 days (Welsh ponies) were recorded. In the ponies maintained at constant live-weight food intakes and heart rates declined to reach and remain at new low levels. Herbage dry matter co...
The course of serum antibody development in two ponies experimentally infected with contagious metritis. Serum agglutination tests, anti-globulin tests, and complement fixation tests were carried out on sera taken over a period of 98 days from two fillies experimentally infected with the contagious equine metritis organism. The pattern, and significance in diagnosis, of these results is discussed. All 3 tests showed positive titres in the acute phase of experimental disease; reactions in the complement fixation test persisted longest.
Respiratory sounds recorded by radio-stethoscope from normal horses at exercise. A graphic representation is presented of respiratory sounds recorded by a radio-stethoscope from normal horses exercised at the walk, trot, canter and gallop. Methods whereby inspiratory and expiratory sounds were distinguished are discussed. The form of amplitude envelopes of the sounds recorded at different gaits are compared. Certain measurements of relative amplitudes and the form of amplitude envelopes of the recorded respiratory sounds can be recognised as typical of normal horses when exercised at the canter and gallop. The influence of some physiological events (e.g. deglutition on the...
[Oesophageal diverticulum in a pony (author’s transl)]. A case of oesophageal diverticulum in a pony is reported. The diagnosis was established by clinical and X-ray examination (following administration of a contrast agent) and verified by post-mortem studies. The cause and pathogenesis are discussed.
Granulomatous and neoplastic diseases of the skin of horses. Lesions encountered in a clinicopathological study of cutaneous lesions resembling 'swamp cancer' from horses in North Queensland included 37 cases of subcutaneous phycomycosis, 5 of which were also infected with Habronema sp larvae. In addition 9 cases of primary cutaneous habronemiasis, 58 sarcoids, 12 fibromas, 8 fibrosarcomas, 10 squamous cell carcinomas, 4 haemangiomas, 3 melanomas, 1 papilloma, 1 palpebral adenocarcinoma and 7 cases of simple granulation were diagnosed. Subcutaneous phycomycosis resulted in the most extensive lesions. These were rapidly growing and provided the poorest p...
Blood and tissue content of the iso-enzymes of lactate dehydrogenase in the thoroughbred. The occasions, position and relative concentration of LDH iso-enzymes in the blood tissues of the thoroughbred horse were determined. Locomotor muscles possess a high concentration of LDH 5 whereas non-locomotor muscles have a low concentration of this iso-enzyme.
Changes of plasma uric acid levels in horses after galloping. Two horses were alternately galloped and cantered at 48 h intervals in a cross over trial. Galloping produced a rise in plasma lactic and uric acids. The lactic acid decreased in concentration whereas the uric acid increased in the hour after exercise. Plasma phosphate levels were depressed 1 h after galloping. There was no significant variation in these parameters after cantering. Possible reasons for these changes are discussed.
Limb skin thermometry in racehorses. Skin temperature measurements were recorded of the legs of 13 racehorses between 2 and 5 years old. The normal limb temperature patterns are described. In over 90 per cent of the normal horses the difference between contralateral limbs was less than 1 degree C, but in the remainder differences of up to 8 degree C were recorded due to the excessive cooling of one limb. One horse had a constant temperature elevation of one foreleg, but it remained in training for 7 weeks without any obvious ill effects. Because of the small numbers of horses in the survey and their freedom from tendon injuries i...
Cerebrospinal fluid acid-base balance during muscular exercise. Ventilation, metabolism, arterial blood gases, and blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acid-base status were measured in exercise studies on seven ponies during mild, moderate, and near-maximal treadmill exercise. CSF and arterial blood were sampled via indwelling catheters. Generally measurements were made during the 3rd, 6th, and 9th minute of steady-state exercise, with CSF sampled only during the 9th minute. Alveolar ventilation (VA) and metabolic rate (VO2) increased proportionately during exercise below the anaerobic threshold, but above this threshold, VA increased at a faster rate than...
Plasma concentrations of sodium benzylpenicillin after intrauterine infusion in pony mares. Plasma concentrations of sodium benzylpenicillin were measured following intrauterine infusion at a dose rate of 22,000 u/kg (250,000 u/ml). The reproductive status of the mare at the time of infusion did not appear to influence plasma concentrations of penicillin, but preswabbing the endometrium for bacteriological culture resulted in peak plasma concentrations which were nearly twice those found in unswabbed mares.
The technique and clinical application of endometrial cytology in mares. Experimental studies of endometrial smears from 26 normal mares showed that after a period of sexual rest exceeding 7 days smears were generally free from inflammatory cells. Smears from 9 mares showing signs of persistent endometritis contained inflammatory cells in 91 per cent while bacterial culture was positive in only 45 per cent. Smears were also taken from 242 Thoroughbred mares as a routine procedure in 1977. It was concluded that endometrial cytology provides a better guide to uterine inflammation than bacteriology. The routine clinical use of endometrial cytology is recommended to ai...
Quantitative study of the decussating optic axons in the pony, cow, sheep, and pig. A quantitative study of optic axons in the optic tracts of several species was performed to determine the number and percentage of optic axons that decussate. Animals were prepared by unilateral ocular enucleation, and light microscopic techniques were employed to count the fibers. The mean number of fibers projecting from a single eye was 732,119 for the pony, 1,041,739 for the cow, 534,755 for the sheep, and 442,629 for the pig. The mean degree of crossover at the chiasm was 80.8% in ponies, 82.9% in cattle, 88.9% in sheep, and 87.8% in pigs.
Absorption of sodium benzylpenicillin from the equine uterus after local Lugol’s lodine treatment, compared with absorption after intramuscular injection. Plasma concentrations of sodium benzylpenicillin following intrauterine infusion were increased by reducing the volume of solution and expelling air from the vagina after infusion. Instillation of 10 per cent Lugol's iodine solution into the uterus before penicillin infusion further increased the absorption rate, although peak plasma levels of penicillin were less than half those which resulted from intramuscular injection of the same dose.
Evaluation of cambendazole paste against nematodes in horses in a field trial. The anthelmintic canbendazole (CBZ), adminis-
tered in several formulations to horses in critical
trials, has been shown to have high effcacy
against intestinal nematodes (3, 4, 6). There are
two reports of field trials with CBZ (2, 5), and
although a large number of horses were involved,
the efficacies reported were for a restricted
number of nematodes. Recently, CBZ paste was
administered to horses in another field trial and
the findings on rxdatability, safety and efficacy
against a wide range of nematodes are presented.
