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Topic:Equine Health
Equine health encompasses the study and management of diseases, disorders, and overall well-being of horses. It involves understanding various physiological systems, preventive care, and treatment strategies to maintain optimal health in equine populations. Common areas of focus include nutrition, infectious diseases, orthopedic conditions, and reproductive health. Research in equine health aims to advance knowledge on diagnostic methods, therapeutic interventions, and management practices that improve horse welfare and performance. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse aspects of equine health, offering insights into current findings and advancements in the field.
An epidemic of venereal infection in thoroughbreds. The clinical pattern, bacteriological investigation and subsequent treatment of a serious outbreak of venereal disease in stud farms on both sides of the Irish Sea is described. The consistency with which Bacillus proteus was isolated from infected mares and stallions was remarkable. Prompt treatment with ampicillin, to which the organism was sensitive in vitro, eradicated the disease. No local treatment was applied.
Circular dichroism of porcine, bovine, and equine pancreatic phospholipases A2 and their zymogens. Unusual conformations simulating helix content. Conformation of porcine, bovine, and equine pancreatic phospholipases A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) and their zymogens was studied by the circular dichroism (CD) probe in the far and near ultraviolet spectral zones.
All these phospholipases and their zymogens displayed CD curves suggesting the presence of moderate amounts of α-helical conformation. However, on the basis of known primary structure and recent X-ray structural analysis of prophospholipase A2 crystals (Drenth, J., Enzing, C.M., Kalk, K.H. and Vessies, J.C.A. (1976) Nature 264, 373–377), it has to be concluded that the positive CD band cen...
Studies on a number of erythrocytic enzymes and intermediate products of equine erythrocyte metabolism. The activities and concentrations of a number of erythrocytic enzymes and intermediate products of erythrocyte metabolism were determined in twenty-one normal standard-bred horses which were studied clinically and biochemically. These studies showed that equine anaerobic glycolysis is characterized by a biochemical pattern similar to that observed in human PK deficiency. The greater sensitivity of equine haemoglobin to oxidants is attributable either to low stability of GSH, which may be due either to the low activity of GR or that of 6PGD as observed in the studies. In addition, the saturatio...
Arrhenoblastoma in a mare. An ovarian neoplasm measuring 10 by 8 by 6 cm was surgically removed from a 14-year-old Appaloosa mare. For 2 years prior to surgery, the mare had manifested marked behavioral changes, becoming aggressive toward other broodmares. Histologically, the tumor was found to be an arrhenoblastoma. Preoperative endocrinologic findings (high serum testosterone and low serum estradiol concentrations) supported the diagnosis.
[Phantoms for the collection of genital secretions in stallions]. Practical experiences of the phantom method for collection of genital secretions from stallions are reported. Taking a phantom used in the Richard-Götze-Haus Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover as a prototype two further models slightly modified have been constructed, baring a flat hollow in the right side of the caudal phantom body for manual inserting of the Artificial Vagina. These three models fulfill four important conditions for routine use: (1) sufficient sexual attractivity for the stallions; 80-85% successful collections of presecretions out of a total of 1050 using the dummy and 70% ...
[The arterial vessels and their intraosseous course in the leg bones of foals. II. Humerus]. The arterial blood vessels in 24 humeri of equine fetusses and foals are described. The relation between the age and the distribution of these arteries are explained and completely discussed.
Semisynthetic cytochrome c. Horse heart cytochrome c can be split with cyanogen bromide into a heme peptide (residues 1-65) and a nonheme peptide (residues 66-104). In a process involving (i) complex formation between the two fragments and (ii) restoration of the severed peptide linkage, a fully active cytochrome c preparation can be re-formed. Use has been made of this process to couple the heme peptide to peptide 66-104 synthesized by the Merrifield solid-phase procedure. The semisynthetic product formed in this manner is indistinguishable from reconstituted cytochrome c prepared with nonsynthetic peptide 66-104.
Pacing techniques in assessing cardiac function in the horse. The problem of transitory cardiac arrhythmias in equidae is discussed particularly with regard to the referral of suspect cases to specialist institutions for second opinion. Recently developed electro-stimulation techniques designed to uncover problem arrythmias, are briefly described and their potential in the analysis of cardiac electrical function under varying conditions is reviewed. The author cautions on the too rapid evaluation of the techniques for this purpose while remaining optimistic of the potential of electro-stimulation in the objective analysis of cardiac electric parameters.
Cardiological problems in equine medicine. This paper outlines the major problems in evaluating and assessing prognosis in horses with minor cardiac abnormalities. It emphasises that progress will only be made if adequate data on the "natural history" of equine cardiac disease can be collected. This will necessitate a long-term study of suitable cases and will require the collaboration of specialist institutions and general practitioners if it is to be successful.
Intramural esophageal cyst in a horse. A yearling Quarter Horse colt was examined because of intermittent esophageal obstruction. A soft tissue mass was palpated in the cervical portion of the esophagus. Plain and contrast radiography and esophagoscopy were utilized to confirm the location of the lesion in the esophageal wall. Surgical exploration and removal of the mass was performed through a ventral midline cervical incision. Histologically, the mass was a keratinizing squamous epithelial inclusion cyst.
[Experimental infection of horses with Fasciola hepatica]. Ten pony foals were infected with Fasciola hepatica; five animals received up to 1000 metacercariae orally, the remaining animals received up to 80 specimens of 24 hours old adulescariae intraperitoneally. The rate of development of the parasites varied in a wide range between 0,2 and 41%. Most of the liverflukes were found in animals severely infected with strongyles in the same time. Only 22 weeks after oral infection, the flukes had reached a length of 20 mm and sexual maturity. Fasciola-eggs could not be detected in the feces.
The value of arterial blood pressure measurement in assessing the prognosis in equine colic. Indirect arterial blood pressure was determined on 33 horses prior to surgical intervention for the diagnosis and/or correction of acute abdominal disorders and a relationship between low systolic blood pressure and non-survival was established. It is suggested that blood pressure determination should be used to augment other methods of clinical and laboratory examination in cases of equine colic.
Nucleolar fragmentation in cells infected with alphaviruses (39886). No abstract available
Observations on the life cycle and prevalence of Eimeria leuckarti in horses in Montana. Of 22 foals from 4 localities in southwestern Montana, 59% were found to be infected with Eimeria leuckarti. Oocysts collected from feces of 4 positive horses were sporulated and subsequently administered to a 5- to 6-month-old foal. The prepatent period was 31 days and the patent period was between 5 and 10 days.
Cell mediated immunity in equine herpesvirus type 1 infection I. In vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis and serum neutralization antibody in normal parturient and aborting mares. Blastic transformation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum neutralization antibody levels for equine herpesivurs type 1 were measured in 19 mares from three farms at the time of termination of their pregnancy by normal foaling or viral abortion. The stimulation indexes of lymphocytes obtained from the mares from two farms (Farm 1 and 2) which had virus abortions, ranged from 2.1 to 10.8. But there was no significant difference in stimulation index levels between the aborting and normal foaling mares on these two farms. Equine herpesvirus type 1 was isolated from the mononuclear cel...
Effect of training on some metabolic changes associated with submaximal endurance exercise in the horse. The effects of prolonged cantering before and after a 10 week training programme were studied in 6 horses. Determinations were carried on on venous blood for packed cell volume, glucose, glycerol, free fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, 11-hydroxycorticosteroids, pH and pCO2. Exercise caused a slight increase in glucose, lactate and pH, a moderate rise in PCV, glycerol and free fatty acids, and a marked rise in 11-hydroxycorticosteroids. A decrease in venous pCO2 occurred and a slight but not significant decrease in beta-hydroxybutyrate. Training was found to cause no significant difference in...
A critical review of current methods for induction of parturition in the mare. The efficacy and safety of oxytocin, dexamethasone and prostaglandin, used alone or in combination as inducing agents, are discussed. It is contended that insufficient evidence exists to support the routine application of any of these methods in practice. Oxytocin has been the most widely used and it is claimed by some to be free from side effects. However, the synthetic prostaglandin analogue, fluprostenol, seems to pose the least risk to the foetus and dexamethasone appears to be either ineffective, or too dangerous to use at all. The main indications for induced foaling are managerial conve...
The clinician’s approach to equine cardiology. The author considers some of the difficulties the clinician may be faced with when giving an opinion on a horse with a cardiac abnormality. The 3 types of cardiological cases presented to the practitioner are described. The first 2 categories both exhibit a reduction in performance either with loss of bodily conduction or without it. The third group, which is the most troublesome for the clinician, involves the horse which shows a cardiological abnormality but is otherwise apparently normal.
Syringomyelia in a thoroughbred foal. The report describes a case of myelodysplasia involing spinal cord segments C7 to T8 of a 5 month old part-Thoroughbred foal. There was a single extensive syringomyelic and hydromyelic cavity which extended from the seventh cervical segment (C7), to the seventh thoracic segment (T7), abnormal size and shape of central canal, and disorderly differentiation of the grey and white matter. The cause of the defect is unknown.
[Fibrinogen level in clinically healthy horses]. Various sets of horses were examined in view of the necessity of widening the range of biochemical substances for diagnostic purposes in the field of veterinary medicine. The aim of the investigations was to obtain basic information on fibrinogen level and its variability. The average value stated was 280 mg% s = 89, sx = 12, V% = 32). The fibrinogen level in horses of the pronounced oxidation type was lower than in those with reduced metabolism, the difference being connected with the speed of sedimentation of erythrocytes. Repeated examination of a part of the set of horses (n = 10) on three...
Coxofemoral luxation complicated by upward fixation of the patella in the pony. Two cases of coxofemoral luxation complicated by upward fixation of the patella are described in the pony. Clinical signs included outward rotation of the stifle and foot and inward rotation of the hock with the stifle and hock joints fixed in extension. One case was treated by performing a medial patellar desmotomy with a resultant significant improvement in locomotion. Other cases of hip luxation reported in the literature, some complicated by upward patellar fixation, are reviewed. Hip luxation is principally seen in ponies and it is suggested that upward fixation of the patella occurring i...
Chronic tenosynovitis of the extensor tendons and tendon sheaths of the carpal region in the horse. Seven cases of chronic tenosynovitis affecting the extensor carpi radialis or lateral digital extensor tendon and their sheaths are described. All cases were chronic and in 4 of the cases previous treatment by drainage and local corticosteroid injection had been ineffective. Surgical exploration of 6 cases demonstrated a distinct lesion and specific surgical treatment was carried out.
Radiological protection in equine radiography and radiotherapy. The principles of radiological protection are summarised and consideration is then given to problems, which may confront the equine practitioner, in the fulfillment of these principles during diagnostic radiography of the limbs, head, and spine of the horse. The place of anaesthesia in such procedures is discussed and the special problems associated with therapeutic radiography of the horse are considered.
Familial methaemoglobinaemia and haemolytic anaemia in the horse associated with decreased erythrocytic glutathione reductase and glutathione. A trotter mare with a history of poor performance was found to have methaemoglobinaemia and haemolytic anaemia associated with decreased erythrocyte glutathione reductase and glutathione levels. The mare's dam, which also had a history of poor performance, was subsequently found to be similarly affected.
