Equine health encompasses the study and management of diseases, disorders, and overall well-being of horses. It involves understanding various physiological systems, preventive care, and treatment strategies to maintain optimal health in equine populations. Common areas of focus include nutrition, infectious diseases, orthopedic conditions, and reproductive health. Research in equine health aims to advance knowledge on diagnostic methods, therapeutic interventions, and management practices that improve horse welfare and performance. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse aspects of equine health, offering insights into current findings and advancements in the field.
CASALS J.A study by hemagglutination-inhibition test showed that 19 strains of eastern equine encephalitis virus grouped themselves in two main types, which have been designated North American and South American. The former consists of ten strains from the eastern half of the United States, from Massachusetts to Florida; Jamaica, the Dominican Republic, and, subject to confirmation, Thailand. The South American type comprises nine strains from Panama, Trinidad, British Guiana, Brazil, and Argentina. The strains were isolated from different natural hosts over a period of 30 years.
Kingston JK, Bayly WM, Sides RH.Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage has been associated with reduced performance in racing horses. However, it is unclear what volume of blood loss into the lungs impairs performance. The purpose of the present study was to determine the minimal volume of autologous Horses blood instilled into the airways that significantly affects performance and pulmonary function in exercising horses. Six Thoroughbred horses performed 2 exercise bouts on each of 4 treatment test days. Each exercise bout consisted of a 2 min warm-up at 4 m/s followed by running at a speed equivalent to 115% VO2max, until ...
Lopez BS, Hurley DJ, Giancola S, Giguère S, Felippe MJB, Hart KA.The impact of culture conditions on equine monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDC) generation has not been fully characterized. We hypothesized that 1) MoDC could be cultured in a commercially available serum-free medium (AIM-V); and 2) that differential culture conditions would influence MoDC viability, yield and phenotype. MoDC generated from adult horses were cultured under variable conditions in a series of experiments. Viability was assessed using trypan blue and propidium iodide staining. Yield was determined by manual hemocytometer counting. Phenotype was assessed by flow cytometric ana...
Barakzai SZ, Wells J, Parkin TDH, Cramp P.Unilateral ventriculocordectomy (VeC) is frequently performed, yet objective studies in horses with naturally occurring recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) are few. Objective: To evaluate respiratory noise and exercising overground endoscopy in horses with grade B and C laryngeal function, before and after unilateral laser VeC. Methods: Prospective study in clinically affected client-owned horses. Methods: Exercising endoscopy was performed and concurrent respiratory noise was recorded. A left-sided laser VeC was performed under standing sedation. Owners were asked to present the horse for re...
van Niekerk CH, Morgenthal JC, Sanders CP, Malan JE.Progesterone concentrations were assayed by a competitive protein-binding technique
in peripheral plasma samples collected twice
daily during four oestrous cycles of three
mares, and once a day during the first seven
weeks of pregnancy in four mares. Large
variations were found in progesterone levels
between morning and evening samples on the
same day in the same mare.
The lowest progesterone concentration
was found about the time of ovulation. Within 24 hours after ovulation the progesterone
concentration increased and two peaks, one
at 5 days and another at 8 days, were found.
Be...
Dyke TM, Sams RA.The objective of this study was to determine the urinary excretion of methylxanthines in horses following ingestion of chocolate over eight days. The study was performed in response to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) confirmation of the presence of caffeine in a positive urine test in a racehorse. The trainer of the horse alleged that he often administered chocolate-coated peanuts as treats to his horses, and he believed that the ingestion of chocolate was responsible for the positive urine test. The urinary excretion of theobromine and caffeine after the ingestion of chocolate-co...
Cavatorta P, Crippa PR, Ito AS, Casali E, Ferrari MB, Masotti L.In the present paper we report a comparative study of physical properties and biochemical composition of isolated melanosomal membranes extracted from bovine eyes and from an equine spleen melanoma. Some biophysical characteristics of such membranes were obtained by steady-state and time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy using DPH as fluorescent probe. By these methods we have measured both static fluorescence polarization and fluorescence lifetimes and from the experimental data we have calculated the rotational correlation times by Perrin's equation. Since dynamic and static parameters, suc...
Shiroma JT, Engel HN, Wagner PC, Watrous BJ.In horses, dorsal subluxation of the proximal interphalangeal joint in the pelvic limb, which realigned when weight was applied to the limb, improved following surgery. Improvement was observed, if not immediately, at least within two weeks after treatment. The severity and duration of the condition appear to be important considerations in predicting the time necessary for resolution of the condition following surgery. Treatment consisted of surgical resection of a small segment of the medial head of the deep digital flexor tendon in the pelvic limb. The section removed was positioned distal t...
Hajek P, Ungemach FR, Abraham G.Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR)-mediated guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein (G protein) activation and the functional interaction between receptors and the respective G proteins were investigated using an agonist-induced [(35)S]guanosine-5'-O-(gamma-thiotriphosphate) ([(35)S]GTPgammaS)-binding approach in membranes of 3 native equine airway segments (trachea, bronchus and lung), which differ tremendously in mAChR density and subtype distribution; especially subtypes that couple negatively to adenylyl cyclase through G(i/0) proteins, i.e. M(2) receptors. The assay was initi...
Lempe-Troillet A, Ludewig E, Brehm W, Budras KD, Winter K, Edinger J.The object of this study was to describe previously defined soft tissue structures by using spin and gradient sequences in a 0.5 Tesla magnetic resonance system in order to improve the characterisation of tendon and ligaments at the plantar region of the equine tarsus and metatarsus while considering possible age-related variations. Methods: Cadaveric hindlimbs from twenty-two Warmblood horses with an age range from one month to twenty-five years were examined in spin and gradient echoes. The proximal suspensory ligament from six limbs was dissected to assign the signal intensities histologica...
Anoplocephala sp. parasites are among the most frequent tapeworms in equines and are associated with intestinal infections. This survey had the objective to verify Anoplocephala sp. prevalence at Sociedade Hípica Paranaense (SHPr). The animals were treated with ivermectin, which does not have efficacy against Anoplocephala sp.. To determine whether eggs of Anoplocephala sp. were present, a modified centrifugal flotation technique was used and also eggs per gram of faeces (EPG). None of the samples showed Anoplocephala sp. eggs and only 11% of the animals had positive values for EPG. The resul...
Picavet T, Butler CM, Daha TJ, van Doom DC, van Duijkeren E, Goehring LS, Houwers DJ, Laan TT, van Maanen C, Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan MM.No abstract available
Hinrichs K, Riera FL, Klunder LR.Embryo transfer was performed in three mares with gonadal dysgenesis. Karyotypes of the mares were as follows: Mare 1, 63,XX, 64,XX, 65,XX; Mare 2, 63,X; and Mare 3, 65,XXX. The mares were administered progesterone in oil, 300 mg intramuscularly daily, starting 1 or 2 days after donor mare ovulation. Embryos were transferred on day 7 after donor ovulation. Mare 1 became pregnant after the first embryo transfer and had a normally developing fetus on necropsy on day 45 of gestation. Mare 3 became pregnant after the third embryo transfer, but the embryo was lost between day 14 and day 18 of gesta...
Hall LQ, Senior JE, Walker RG. A technique involving thoracotomy for the implantation of polythene catheters through the left atrium into the pulmonary veins has been used in 2 ponies. In both animals the catheters enabled blood samples to be obtained from the pulmonary veins for more than 5 weeks. Post mortem examination after termination of the experiment showed the procedure and catheters produced the minimum of adverse effects.
Brownlow MA.Cells in the peritoneal fluid from 179 horses were examined in Giemsa stained preparations using light microscopy. Mononuclear phagocytes were a common cell type observed in normal fluids. In the absence of stimulation they were morphologically similar to the peripheral blood monocyte and the unstimulated mesothelial cell. In acute inflammatory effusions their proportion decreased significantly but, as the condition resolved, monocytes began to migrate into the cavity gradually becoming more numerous, transforming into larger macrophages and assuming an increasing phagocytic role. They were of...
