Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Horses
"Horses" is a broad topic that encompasses various aspects of equine biology, behavior, and management. This category includes studies on the anatomy, physiology, and genetics of horses, as well as their behavior, nutrition, and care. Research in this area may also cover the historical and cultural significance of horses, their roles in agriculture, sport, and therapy, and the challenges associated with their conservation and welfare. The page aggregates peer-reviewed research articles and scholarly studies that explore the multifaceted relationships between humans and horses, examining both scientific and socio-economic perspectives.
Enflurane, halothane, and isoflurane potency in horses. The minimal alveolar concentration of anesthetic required to prevent gross purposeful movement in response to electrical stimulation of oral mucous membranes was determined in horses for 3 agents. Equipotent concentrations of enflurane were 2.12 volumes %; of halothane, 0.88 volumes %; and of isoflurane, 1.31 volumes +. The alveolar concentration required to produce at least 60 seconds of apnea was also determined for these agents. From these data and the minimal alveolar concentration information, anesthetic indices were determined for each agent. The indices for enflurane, halothane, and iso...
Coronary arterial anatomy of the small pony. Ventricular weights and coronary arterial distribution and diameters were determined in 10 small adult ponies (139 +/- 32 kg). Combined ventricular weights averaged 0.52% of the body weight, with an average of 77% of the total ventricular weight being the left ventricle. The pony is right coronary predominant, with the interventricular subsinusoidal branch of the right coronary artery and interventricular paraconal branch of the left coronary artery providing comparable blood supply to the left ventricular free wall and septum.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a review. New applications in hypersensitivity reactions of cattle and horses. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the biosynthesis of kinins and prostaglandins and stabilize leukocyte lysosomal membranes. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs also weakly block the biosynthesis of histamine and serotonin, and pharmacologically antagonize kinins, prostaglandins and slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs effectively control both cardiovascular and respiratory manifestations of hypersensitivity in cattle and horses. This, coupled with the contrasting lack of effectiveness of "antiamine" drugs, suggests that bio-amines such as hi...
Coprophagia as seen in thoroughbred foals. Four Thoroughbred foals were seen to quickly eat part of the faeces deposited by their own dams on some 40 per cent of the mare-defaecating occasions observed between the second and fifth week after birth. They did not do it before or after this period. This behaviour was thought to be a feeding pattern which formed a normal part of the foal's development.
Experimental Parascaris equorum infection of foals. Six worm-free pony foals, two to four months old, were infected with parascaris equorum eggs using three different dosage regimes and killed at either 40 or 95-100 days after infection. Coughing and a circulating eosinophilia were features of large infections from which only a small number of worms developed to maturity. In small infections a high percentage of the parasites matured in the small intestine and this was associated with unthriftiness. Pre-patent periods of 80 and 83 days were recorded.
The arterial supply of the navicular bone and its variations in navicular disease. Macroscopic, microscopic and radiological examinations of the navicular bones of 83 horses and ponies showed that the navicular bone in the adult horse has 2 principal routes of blood supply. One supply is present at birth, the other develops within the first 2 to 3 years of life, in response to increasing activity. The size of the nutrient foramina, as seen on radiographs, is related to the type, frequency and regularity of work done by the horse. These foramina are normally conical in shape, alteration to a circular, or mushroom-shape being evidence of occlusive vascular disease in the navic...
Phenylbutazone and the horse–a review. The clinical uses and side-effects of phenylbutazone in man, horses, and other animals are reviewed. The blood dyscrasias commonly described in man have not been reported in the horse, although several of the more minor side-effects have occasionally been seen (e.g. water retention, depression, transient staggering and phlebitis). Despite the lack of documented evidence, the toxicity of phenylbutazone in the horse is considered to be lower than that in man. This may be associated with the lower dose rates normally used, the more rapid plasma clearance rate and the comparatively younger age of ...
Studies on the antigenicity of an inactivated, aluminum hydroxide adjuvant equine influenza vaccine. An inactivated, aluminum hydroxide adjuvant equine influenza vaccine was tested in horses and guinea pigs to determine the levels of antigen that would elicit maximum serological responses. Vaccine containing serial twofold increments of A/Equi-1/Prague and A/Equi-2/Miami strains of equine influenza virus was administered to random groupings of both types of test animals. The hemagglutination inhibition antibody response for each group was then measured. Results in horses and guinea pigs were compared to determine if the equine serological values could be related to a potency test in laborator...
Therapeutic use of gentamicin in horses: concentrations in serum, urine, and synovial fluid and evaluation of renal function. Serum, synovial fluid, and urine concentrations of gentamicin were measured in normal mature horses which had been given a single dose of the drug. Mean peak serum concentration (16.8 microgram/ml) occurred in horses 30 minutes after they were given a single intramuscular dose of 4.4 mg of gentamicin/kg of body weight. In horses given a smaller dose of gentamicin (1.7 mg/kg), mean peak serum concentrations of gentamicin (10.2 microgram/ml) appeared at 1 hour. Synovial fluid concentration was maximum at 2 hours for both doses; in horses given the larger dose, mean peak concentration was 6.4 mic...
Analysis of serum proteins and cerebrospinal fluid in clinically normal horses, using agarose electrophoresis. Using agarose as a supporting matrix, electrophoresis was conducted on 50 serum samples and 20 cerebrospinal fluid samples from clinically normal horses (n = 50) of various ages and breeds. The technique was shown to be reliable. A positive correlation between age and gamma-globulin concentration was found in young horses. Features of the electrophoretograms of serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples are discussed, and a nomenclature based on Rf values is proposed.
Some problems associated with intestinal surgery in the horse. The paper considers the general principles of intestinal surgery in the horse and illustrates a theatre layout suitable for this purpose. The problems of locating and reducing obstructions of the small and large intestine are discussed, with particular emphasis on incarcerations of the small bowel and the techniques of jejunal and ileal re-implantation after bowel resection.
Physiologic responses of the horse to a hot, arid environment. Field investigations were conducted under natural environmental conditions to determine the physiologic responses of rested, hydrated horses (Equus caballus) to the very hot, dry weather characteristic of the summer season in southern Arizona. The emphasis of the investigation was placed on those thermoregulatory mechanisms which are involved in the maintenance of homoiothermy. Rectal temperature of the horses studied remained relatively stable throughout the day, during both cool and hot weather seasons. However, when horses were exposed to hot summer temperatures, rectal temperature (heat st...
Serum antiproteases and respiratory diseases of the horse. The serum antiprotease (AAT) levels are reported in healthy horses and horses with respiratory diseases. Of the methods used, only the STIC test seemed to give useful results; this test showed variations in horses with respiratory diseases, especially in horses with acute alveolar pulmonary emphysema.
Plasma biochemistry alterations in horses during an endurance ride. The effects of prolonged strenous exercise on the plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, albumin, cholesterol, glucose, creatinine, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, creatine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase and asparate amino transferase were studied in a group of 26 horses competing in an endurance ride. There were significant changes in most parameters, when control values were compared with those taken immediately after the ride. There was also a significant correlation between several biochemical parameters and heart rate taken 30 minutes ...
Venezuelan equine encephalitis vaccination survey in Arizona and New Mexico, 1972. Field studies were conducted in 1972 to determine the immunization status of equines along the Mexico, Arizona, and New Mexico borders. Interviews with horse owners were conducted along roads selected at random in the counties of Santa Cruz and Yuma, Ariz., and in Dona Ana County, N. Mex. At least 450 horse owners in each county were asked about the vaccination status of their animals, and information was taken on 1,260 animals. Blood specimens were obtained from every third equine, regardless of stated vaccination status, and tested for the presence of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE), we...
Bone growth in foals and epiphyseal compression. Limb angulation in foals may be due to defects in epiphyseal growth plates. The present state of knowledge concerning rate of growth in foals and differences in growth of different epiphyseal plates is reviewed and the importance of accurate knowledge of these parameters in treatment of angulation by unilateral retardation of an epiphyseal growth plate is stressed. Retardation of epiphyseal plate growth by compression wiring is described and its advantages in comparison with staplings are suggested. Compression wiring was used in 3 cases in which age, bone width and the degree of angulation we...
Bovine reaginic antibody III. Cross-reaction of antihuman IgE and antibovine reaginic immunoglobulin antisera with sera from several species of mammals. Using antisera specific for the heavy chain of human IgE and bovine reaginic immunoglobulin, the degree of cross-reaction amongst sera from pig, rat, rabbit, guinea pig, goat, cow, horse, dog, cat and human was tested. Antihuman IgE antiserum gave strong reactions with pig, rabbit, cow, goat and human sera (100% to 15.1%) and weak reactions with rat, guinea pig, horse, dog and cat sera (10.1% to 3.22%). Antibovine reagin antiserum produced a considerable amount of cross-reaction with sera from pig, rat, rabbit, goat, horse and human (43.6% to 20.1%) with limited reactions with guinea pig, dog ...
Electronic and steric factors affecting ligand binding: horse hemoglobins containing 2,4-dimethyldeuteroheme and 2,4-dibromodeuteroheme. Horse globin has been recombined with 2,4-dimethyldeuteroheme and 2,4-dibromodeuteroheme to yield the corresponding reconstituted hemoglobins, and the ligand binding reactions of these reconstituted hemoglobins have been examined in detail. Both hemoglobins exhibit relatively high n values, but 2,4-dimethyldeuterohemoglobin displays a consistently higher oxygen affinity than native hemoglobin, whereas the oxygen affinity of 2,4-dibromodeuterohemoglobin is consistently lower than that of native hemoglobin. The rate constants l’, and 1’4 for the binding of the first and fourth molecules of C...
Laboratory methods of equine pregnancy diagnosis. Rectal examination is a reliable method of diagnosing pregnancy in the mare. Also, test kits are available for the simple quick detection of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin. Nevertheless there is a considerable demand by practitioners for an independent laboratory service in equine pregnancy diagnosis, particularly during the gestational phase when placental gonadotrophin is concentrated in the blood. An initial attempt to provide a service by means of the agar gel diffusion test was disappointing and alternatives were sought. The primary requirements for an ideal alternative technique were ...
