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Topic:Clinical Study
Clinical studies in equine research involve the systematic investigation of health and disease in horses through structured scientific methods. These studies aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatments, understand disease mechanisms, and improve veterinary care practices. Clinical studies can include randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case-control studies. They may focus on various aspects such as pharmacokinetics, therapeutic interventions, and diagnostic techniques. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the design, implementation, and findings of clinical studies in equine medicine, providing insights into their impact on horse health and veterinary practices.
Changes in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration in exercising horses in relation to hydration status and exercise intensity. To investigate effects of hydration status and exercise intensity on plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration in exercising horses. Methods: 4 trained Standardbreds. Methods: Horses performed a 40-minute exercise test at 65 to 70% maximal heart rate (HRmax; no incline) and a 12-minute test at approximately 90% HRmax (3.5 degrees incline). The 40-minute test was performed with ad libitum access to drinking water (normohydration), after water had been withheld for 24 hours (dehydration), and 30 minutes after 12 L of water at body temperature had been given via nasogastric tube (hype...
Evaluation of platelet activation and platelet-neutrophil aggregates in Thoroughbreds undergoing near-maximal treadmill exercise. To determine whether platelets become activated and form platelet-neutrophil aggregates during near-maximal treadmill exercise in horses. Methods: 4 Thoroughbreds. Methods: Horses were subjected to 4 standardized exercise tests on a treadmill, and blood samples were collected before exercise, at treadmill speed of 12 m/s, and 5 minutes after exercise. Flow cytometric techniques were used to identify activated platelets, and flow cytometric and microscopic techniques were used to identify platelet-neutrophil aggregates. Results: Platelet-neutrophil aggregates increased from 2.8 +/- 0.4% at rest...
Pharmacokinetics of cefepime and comparison with those of ceftiofur in horses. To determine pharmacokinetics of i.v., i.m., and oral administration of cefepime in horses and to compare pharmacokinetics of i.m. administration of cefepime with those of ceftiofur sodium. Methods: 6 clinically normal adult horses. Methods: Horses received 3 doses of cefepime (11 mg/kg of body weight, PO; 2.2 mg/kg, i.v.; and 2.2 mg/kg, i.m.) and 1 dose of ceftiofur (2.2 mg/kg, i.m.). Two horses also received L-arginine, p.o. and i.v., at doses identical to those contained in the cefepime dihydrochloride-L-arginine preparations previously administered. Blood samples were collected for 24 hour...
Influence of atipamezole on effects of midsacral subarachnoidally administered detomidine in mares. To examine effects of atipamezole on detomidine midsacral subarachnoidally-induced analgesia, cardiovascular and respiratory activity, head ptosis, and position of pelvic limbs in healthy mares. Methods: 10 healthy mares. Methods: Using a randomized, blinded, crossover study design, mares received detomidine (0.03 mg/kg of body weight, diluted in 3 ml of CSF) midsacral subarachnoidally, followed by atipamezole (0.1 mg/kg [test]) or sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control), i.v. 61 minutes later and saline solution (3 ml, midsacral subarachnoidally) on a separate occasion, at least 2 weeks...
Experimental cyathostome challenge of ponies maintained with or without benefit of daily pyrantel tartrate feed additive: comparison of parasite burdens, immunity and colonic pathology. Eighteen mixed-breed, naturally infected ponies ranging in age from 1 to 16 yr and four cyathostome-naïve ponies reared and maintained under parasite-free conditions ranging in age from 1 to 4 yr were used in this study. Naturally-infected ponies were treated with 1 dose of ivermectin (IVM) at 200 micrograms kg-1, followed by a 5-day regimen of oxibendazole (OBZ) at 20 mg kg-1 to remove existing cyathostome burdens; cyathostome-naïve control ponies were treated with IVM alone. The naturally infected ponies were matched on age and gender, then randomly assigned to one of three treatment group...
Results of quantitative cultures of urine by free catch and catheterization from healthy adult horses. Quantitative urine cultures were performed on 11 male and 11 female healthy adult horses. Urine was collected by free catch and catheterization using standard methods. Results showed that all samples collected by free catch contained less than 20,000 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. All samples collected by catheterization contained 500 CFU/mL or less. A significant difference was found between collection methods (P < .005), with catheterization having less contamination. In samples collected by free catch, females had significantly greater contamination than did males (P < .03). Predomina...
Serum copper and ceruloplasmin activity at the early growing stage in foals. Serum concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphorus (P), as well as antigenic ceruloplasmin (Cp) and oxidase activity as a functional index for copper metabolism, were measured in 10 foals (5 males and 5 females) and their dams. Samples were harvested from the foals within 1 wk after birth and monthly from 1 to 17 mo of age. Samples were collected from their dams in the perinatal period (monthly from 2 mo before delivery to 5 mo postpartum). Serum oxidase activity, antigenic Cp and Cu in foals were extremely low at 1 wk. Serum Cp had the lowest...
Clinical biochemical parameters of the endangered Catalonian donkey breed: normal values and the influence of sex, age, and management practices effect. Twelve clinical biochemical parameters were determined in 97 animals of all age groups and both sexes of the endangered Catalonian donkey breed. Significant sex differences were observed for phospholipid concentration (P<0.01). Evaluating the effect of management practices on the various parameters showed significant differences for total bilirubin (P<0.001) and creatinine (P<0.05) concentrations and gamma-glutamyltransferase (P<0.05) activity. Moreover, it was observed that inorganic phosphorus concentration decreased with age (P<0.001), whereas albumin and triglyceride concent...
Ultrasound corner: “pseudo-catheter-sleeve” sign in the jugular vein of a horse. No abstract available
Ultrasonography of the femoral artery in six normal horses and three horses with thrombosis. Ultrasonography of the femoral artery in the horse, including color, power and spectral Doppler, provides morphologic and dynamic information. This paper describes the use of the techniques in six clinically normal horses and three with femoral artery thrombosis. Useful landmarks for orientation are the saphenous artery and the medial saphenous vein. The lateral circumflex femoral artery can not be visualized. Recognition of the genus descendens artery is complicated due to the presence of multiple distal caudal femoral arteries. The femoral artery feeds a high resistance bed. In normal horses...
A prospective clinical trial comparing metrizamide and iohexol for equine myelography. A prospective clinical trial comparing adverse postmyelographic effects and myelographic quality of metrizamide and iohexol was conducted. Using a predetermined, randomized assignment, 24 horses exhibiting neurologic signs were administered either metrizamide (180 mgl/ml) or iohexol (180 mgl/ml) via cerebellomedullary puncture. Each horse was evaluated postmyelographically for adverse effects. Myelographic quality was assessed by a numerical scoring method. Adverse effects were observed more frequently with metrizamide (21) compared with iohexol (6) myelography (p 0.05). We conclude that iohe...
Scintigraphic and clinical findings in the Standardbred metatarsophalangeal joint: 114 cases (1993-1995). To correlate scintigraphic and clinical findings of the metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) in Standardbreds, radiographic findings in horses with confirmed MTPJ lameness, and determine if stress reaction and more advanced bone remodelling occurred in the MTPJ, medical records of 114 Standardbreds admitted between September 1993 and April 1995 in which bone scintigraphy included standing lateral and plantar views of the metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) were reviewed. Images obtained using a large field of view gamma camera were evaluated visually for location, definition and intensity of increase...
Laparoscopic intra-abdominal ligation and removal of cryptorchid testes in horses. Laparoscopic intra-abdominal ligation and removal of cryptorchid testes in horses was evaluated retrospectively in 50 horses that underwent the procedure between 1991 and 1996. Sixty-one cryptorchid testes were removed by one of the following methods; the use of 1) an endoscoping stapling and transection device, 2) an endoscopic clipping device, 3) an endoscopic ligating loop. Monopolar electrosurgery was combined with these methods to facilitate coagulation and cutting of tissue. In 8 horses, 9 testes were retained between the internal and external inguinal rings. The inguinal testes were rem...
Pulmonary vascular pressures of strenuously exercising Thoroughbred horses after administration of phenylbutazone and frusemide. The present study was carried out to examine the effects of phenylbutazone treatment on the pulmonary haemodynamic effects of frusemide in strenuously exercising horses. Using catheter mounted manometers, whose in vivo signals were referenced at the point of the shoulder, heart rate, right atrial, right ventricular and pulmonary vascular pressures were measured in 3 different sets of experiments. Seven Thoroughbreds were subjected to 1) control (no medications), 2) frusemide control and 3) phenylbutazone + frusemide. The experiments were carried out in random order and were separated by 7 days...
Behavioural changes in stabled horses given nontherapeutic levels of virginiamycin. Abnormal behaviour commonly develops in intensively managed horses. A possible cause is the change in diet occurring when the horse is stabled. An experiment was performed to examine this possibility by manipulating the diet with the feed supplement virginiamycin, as Founderguard. During 4 weeks, 18 horses were fed diets ranging from hay alone to concentrate plus hay in the ratio of 3:1. The rations of half the horses given concentrate were supplemented with Founderguard. Horses eating high concentrate rations displayed abnormal oral behaviours at a higher frequency than those eating only hay....
Environmental control to maintain stabled COPD horses in clinical remission: effects on pulmonary function. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that stabled COPD horses can be maintained in clinical remission by replacing hay by grass silage and bedding made of wood shavings (Period B) and of wheat straw (Period C) during 6 weeks, respectively. At the end of these different periods, the pulmonary function of the horses was assessed by mechanics of breathing and arterial blood analyses. These results were compared to those measured in clinical remission obtained after 2 months in pasture (Period A). No significant difference was observed between these 3 periods neither to values ob...
Measurement of cardiac function by transthoracic echocardiography: day to day variability and repeatability in normal Thoroughbred horses. In order to assess the reliability and repeatability of transthoracic echocardiography for detecting serial changes in cardiac function in horses, day to day variability of a number of echocardiographic indices of ventricular function were studied. The variables investigated were, from 2-dimensional (2-D) and M-mode echocardiography - aortic diameter in systole (Aos), pulmonary artery diameter in systole (Pas), left ventricular internal diameter in systole (LLVIDs) and diastole (LLVIDd), and left ventricular fractional shortening (%FS) and estimated ejection fraction (EF). From pulsed Doppler ...
Effects of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate on respiratory function in horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The effects of beclomethasone dipropionate on pulmonary function and arterial blood gas values were investigated in horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Six mature mares, diagnosed as having COPD based on clinical signs, cytological examination of bronchoalveolar lavage and pulmonary function testing, were used. Beclomethasone dipropionate (3750 microg) was administered b.i.d. for a 2 week period with a metered dose inhaler using a mask. Pulmonary function tests and arterial blood gas analyses were performed at weekly intervals, starting before beclomethasone administratio...
Does an acute COPD crisis modify the cardiorespiratory and ventilatory adjustments to exercise in horses? The present study was conducted to understand better the mechanisms leading to the decrease in exercise capacity observed in horses suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Five COPD horses were submitted to a standardized submaximal treadmill exercise test while they were in clinical remission or in acute crisis. Respiratory airflow, O2 and CO2 fractions in the respired gas, pleural pressure changes and heart rate were recorded, and arterial and mixed venous blood were analyzed for gas tensions, hemoglobin, and plasma lactate concentrations. O2 consumption, CO2 production,...
Gonadal and pituitary responsiveness of stallions is not down-regulated by prolonged pulsatile administration of GnRH. The objective of this study was to determine if prolonged pulsatile administration of homologous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at therapeutic or 5x therapeutic doses would cause down-regulation of the stallion's hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. Fifteen stallions were randomly assigned to three treatment groups (n=5/group) and received a 0.5 ml subcutaneous dose of saline (group 1), 50 microg GnRH (group 2), or 250 microg GnRH (group 3) every 2 hours for 75 days. Weekly evaluations of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone and monthly evaluations of d...
[Veterinary dentistry (15). Apex resection in the horse]. Periapical disorders in horses can be treated by resection of the apex. The indications, contraindications, diagnosis, treatment and complications of the intervention are discussed. Four case reports of horses in which apicoectomy with retrograde endodontic treatment was performed are reviewed.
[Clinical aspects of fertility in stallions]. The studies described in this thesis investigated the factors that can affect the fertility of stallions. The introduction describes the male gamete and the processes that occur during maturation of sperm and fertilization. Methods to evaluate the quality of sperm and ova are then discussed. Fertility can be expressed in various ways and is also affected by many factors such as the stallion, the mare and management factors. The fertility of stallions is usually assessed a good year after they have served mares, because then the number of foals is known. However, it would be preferable to be ab...
Cardiopulmonary changes associated with abdominal insufflation of carbon dioxide in mechanically ventilated, dorsally recumbent, halothane anaesthetised horses. The use of laparoscopy for the diagnosis or therapeutic management of abdominal disease in the horse has distinct advantages when it allows the horse to remain standing. However, distending the abdomen by insufflation of a biologically active gas in an anaesthetised horse may add to the physiological challenge of general anaesthesia and recumbency. The cardiopulmonary responses to abdominal insufflation with carbon dioxide (CO2) to 15 mmHg pressure were evaluated in 6 horses in dorsal recumbency anaesthetised with halothane in oxygen and subjected to laparoscopic colopexy. Vaporiser settings t...
