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Topic:Equine Health
Equine health encompasses the study and management of diseases, disorders, and overall well-being of horses. It involves understanding various physiological systems, preventive care, and treatment strategies to maintain optimal health in equine populations. Common areas of focus include nutrition, infectious diseases, orthopedic conditions, and reproductive health. Research in equine health aims to advance knowledge on diagnostic methods, therapeutic interventions, and management practices that improve horse welfare and performance. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse aspects of equine health, offering insights into current findings and advancements in the field.
Myocardial necrosis secondary to neural lesions in domestic animals. Focal myocardial necrosis secondary to neural lesions was diagnosed in 2 dogs and 1 horse. In each case, the neural lesions were traumatic in origin. Spinal cord injury was evident in 1 dog; brain damage was evident in the other dog and presumably in the horse. Retrospective analysis of necropsy material showed that many species were affected, without apparent age or sex predisposition. Central nervous system injury resulting from trauma, infection or space-occupying lesions was associated with acute myocardial necrosis in all cases. The myocardial necrosis was rarely fatal; however, it did ca...
Cytogenetic and DNA analyses of equine abortion. Although no major structural or numerical abnormalities were found in the karyotypes of 12 aborted equine fetuses, two unrelated abortuses each carried a large polymorphism for the amount of heterochromatin in chromosome 1. In both karyotypes this chromosome was shown to be larger than its homolog. To determine the nature of the extra DNA in these chromosomes, equine DNA was isolated and characterized by buoyant density analysis. Equine mainband DNA had a buoyant density in neutral CsCl of 1.699 g/cm3, while the highly repetitive (dG+dC)-rich fraction had a buoyant density of 1.715 g/cm3. A ra...
Further observations on the innervation of the proximal sesamoidean ligament of the horse and ox. A vegetative innervation is described for the first time in this district. On the contrary, the finding of Pacini and pacini-like corpuscles, of Golgi Mazzoni's receptors, of muscle spindles and Golgi's tendon-organs testifies the existence of a sensitive innervation in this anatomical territory. According to Karamanlidis free nervous endings are not present. All the above recorded receptors show the typical structure and can be found isolated, grouped to constitute flower-sprays, organized to form opposito-polar corpuscles or associated to originate pecilomorphic fibers. These two last findin...
Electron microscopy of the ventricular lining associated with the hypothalamus and median eminence of prepubertal female horses. Scanning electron microscopy showed that cells in the infundibular recess of prepubertal female horses were devoid of cilia and sparsely covered with stubby microvilli and small blebs, whereas superior ventricular areas were covered with cilia. Ciliated ependymal cells in supraoptic-suprachiasmatic areas were associated with extensive blebbing, and folded tissue adjacent to the inferior borders of the mamillary body displayed distinct bands of cilia regularly interrupted by areas of sparsely ciliated cells which appeared to be undergoing ciliogenesis. Arcuate ependymal areas had well developed...
Fetal loss and the effect of stress on plasma progestagen levels in pregnant Thoroughbred mares. The depressing effect on plasma progestagen levels of pregnant mares subjected to specific stressful conditions such as severe pain, infectious diseases, emotional disturbances and exogenous corticosteroids are described. It is concluded that the detrimental effect of stress, evident from its negative influence on plasma progestagen concentrations, could play a major role in the occurrence of pregnancy failure in the Thoroughbred mare.
Inhibition of sperm binding to porcine ova by antibodies to equine zonae pellucidae. Sera and follicular fluid from mares previously determined as having antibodies to the zona pellucida were exposed to porcine ovarian oocytes before insemination with boar spermatozoa in vitro. There was a dramatic decline in the number of spermatozoa bound to zonae compared to treatments with sera and follicular fluid from mares negative for zona antibodies. These data suggest that antibodies reactive with the zona pellucida may be responsible for reduced or even complete infertility in some mares. In a group of 50 randomly selected mares tested for antizona antibodies, 2 pregnant mares were ...
Interactions of different albumins and animal sera with insolubilized Cibacron Blue, Evaluation of apparent affinity constants. 1. A high concentration Cibacron Blue-Sepharose derivative has been used to study the affinity chromatography of albumin from eight animal species. 2. The apparent affinity constants for albumin varies between 3.9 x 10(4) M-1 and 0.9 x 10(4) M-1, in the order: Human greater than rabbit greater than horse greater than pig = dog greater than bovine greater than rat greater than chicken. 3. Other serum proteins were also bound to the gel, particularly lipoproteins and alpha 2-macroglobulin.
Immunodeficiency disease in animals. Significant contributions to understanding the role of lymphocyte subpopulations in the immune response and to the characterization of immunodeficiencies in children have been achieved through study of animal models of immunodeficiency. Additional contributions can be made in two important areas. One is through identification of relevant, naturally-occurring models of adenosine deaminase deficiency and purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. The second, and potentially more important contribution, would be the identification of the metabolic basis for existing immune deficiencies. The nece...
Endotoxin-induced change in hemograms, plasma enzymes, and blood chemical values in anesthetized ponies: effects of flunixin meglumine. A study was made of flunixin meglumine (FM), an analgesic agent with antiprostaglandin activity, in the management of endotoxin-induced changes in ponies. Three groups of 5 ponies each were used: A--controls, B--nontreated ponies with endotoxin-induced shock, and C--ponies with endotoxin-induced shock treated with FM. Shock was induced in anesthetized ponies with IV injections of Escherichia coli endotoxin. Disruption of glucose homeostasis, insulin levels, hemograms, aerobic metabolism, and cell damage as indicated by plasma enzymes were observed. Treatment with FM (5 minutes) after shock was...
Indirect haemagglutination reaction with Sarcocystis dispersa antigen. A description is given of the preparation of antigen from Sarcocystis dispersa cystozoites and the procedure of the indirect haemagglutination test (IHA). The antibodies against this antigen were detected in experimentally infected mice from day 20 p.i. (1: 640). In the following weeks the antibody titres reached the value of 1: 40,960. The sera of pigs, sheep and horses spontaneously infected with other Sarcocystis species reacted with this antigen in low titres only. The bovine sera gave negative reactions even in cases when Sarcocystis cysts were present in the muscles of the examined anima...
[Sensitivity and fidelity of the rabies laboratory diagnosis]. The author describes a method for evaluating the minimal number of diagnosis failures for each animal species (this diagnosis uses the Fluorescent Rabies Antibodies Test and mouse inoculation simultaneously). The percentage of well diagnosed rabid animals on total rabid ones is called sensibility of the diagnosis: it varies according to the species of animal examined: from 99.98% for the fox, to 98.61% for the horse. The percentage of errored negative diagnosis on total negative diagnosis is called infidelity of negative responses: it varies for each species according to the sensibility of the...
Is Rhodococcus equi a soil organism? A total of 189 isolates of Rhodococcus equi and related organisms and 16 marker strains representing the genera Rhodococcus and Corynebacterium were screened for 160 unit characters in a numerical taxonomic study. Analysis of the data indicated that R. equi forms a relatively homogeneous cluster distinctly separated from the recognized species of Rhodococcus and Corynebacterium (sensu stricto). Other members of the genus Rhodococcus are soil organisms and R. equi appears to fit into the genus on ecological as well as taxonomic grounds. It seems unlikely that R. equi could be a gastrointestinal...
The density profile and cholesterol concentration of serum lipoproteins in domestic and laboratory animals. 1. By means of density gradient ultracentrifugation, the density profile of the serum lipoproteins was studied in 14 species of domestic and laboratory animals: the pig, chicken, rhesus monkey, rabbit, dog, horse, sheep, cat, mouse, goat, cow, guinea-pig, trout and rat. 2. The concentration of cholesterol in whole serum and the lipoprotein fractions of these animal species was also determined. 3. There were large differences in the density profile of the serum lipoproteins among the various animals studied and the results indicate that the density limits employed for human serum lipoproteins a...
Factors affecting testis weight in normal and cryptorchid horses. Testes were collected from normal and cryptorchid horses of a variety of breeds and ages and weighed after dissection from the epididymis. Scrotal testes grow little until the second winter of life and little thereafter, although a nearly mature body weight is reached by the end of the first winter. Scrotal testes in unilateral cryptorchids tend to be larger than those of normal stallions, sometimes exceedingly so, although occasional small scrotal testes are recorded. Inguinal testes show some tendency to grow during the second winter but the data are difficult to analyse beyond that age beca...
The optimum pH of renal adenosine triphosphatase in rats: influence of vanadate, noradrenaline and potassium. In the presence of vanadate, the optimum pH of renal (Na+, K+)-ATPase in rats is reduced and lies in the range of intracellular pH. This explains the difference in optimum pH observed with ATP extracted from equine muscle. Removal of vanadate from such ATP (with noradrenaline) raises the optimum to the accepted range obtained with synthetic ATP. Changes in the sensitivity of the enzyme to potassium concentration contribute to the alterations in optimum pH. The optimum pH of Mg-ATPase is unaffected by vanadate. Since vanadate may be an intracellular regulator of (Na+, K+)-ATPase changes of opti...
