Histopathology in horses involves the microscopic examination of tissue samples to study the manifestations of disease. This field provides insights into the structural and cellular changes that occur in equine tissues as a result of various pathological conditions. Common applications of histopathology in equine medicine include the diagnosis of neoplastic, inflammatory, and degenerative diseases. Techniques such as tissue staining and immunohistochemistry are employed to identify specific cellular components and pathological markers. This page aggregates peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the methodologies, findings, and implications of histopathological investigations in equine health.
Jackson TA, Osburn BI, Cordy DR, Kendrick JW.Experimental infection with equine herpesvirus 1 (rhinopneumonitis) resulted in neurologic disease in 8 of 15 inoculated horses. Nonpregnant animals did not develop clinical disease, and microscopic examination of tissues revealed no changes. In all mares between 3 and 9 months of gestation, a neurologic syndrome appeared 6 to 8 days after inoculation. Mares inoculated when 10 months pregnant did not develop neurologic disorders, but several aborted. The histopathologic change common to both sequelae was vasculitis, involving smaller arteries and veins. Although blood vessel changes were detec...
Gard GP, Marshall ID, Walker KH, Acland HM, Saren WG.An outbreak of Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) occurred in New South Wales during the first five months of 1974. Specimens from 52 horses with nervous disease collected January to May 1974 were examined histopathological or virologically. Although MVE virus was not isolated, 13 horses had serological evidence of recent infection with MVE virus. Another 4 horses had evidence of recent infection with Ross River virus. Two animals had histological evidence of viral infection of the central nervous system. Attempts to experimentally infect 2 horses with a low dose of MVE virus were not successful...
Marasas WF, Kellerman TS, Pienaar JG, Naudé TW.When 2 horses were dosed with cultures of a Fusarium moniliforme isolate that had previously caused only hepatosis, 1 developed brain oedema and hepatosis, and the other only leukoencephalomalacia. A 3rd horse developed both leukoencephalomalacia and hepatosis after being dosed with another isolate obtained from maize which was associated with a natural outbreak of the nervous form of the disease. Since leukoencephalomalacia and hepatosis could be induced by the same culture material, it was concluded that both syndromes were manifestations of the same toxicosis. There was also some evidence t...
Ricketts SW, Peace CK.The report describes a case of abdominal neoplasia in a mare diagnosed ante-mortem by the technique of paracentesis abdominis. Histopathological findings suggest that the lesion was a mesothelioma, primarily involving the greater omentum.
Vaughan JT, Montes LF, Bembibre A, Blaquier PC.A 5-year-old Thoroughbred chestnut mare was presented because of multiple lesions noticed for approximately one year over the vulva and ther perianal areas. Clinically, there were moist warts that stood out because of their whitish color which contrasted strikingly with the surrounding, normally pigmented, uninvolved skin (Fig. 1). Repeated topical applications of 20% podophyllin in 95% ethyl alcohol produced rapid involution. Histopathologically, marked acanthosis, numerous mitoses, prominently vacuolated epidermal cells and a chronic dermal inflammatory infiltrate were seen (Figs. 2, 3, and ...
Charlton KM, Mitchell D, Girard A, Corner AH.During an outbreak of abortion caused by equine herpesvirus 1, a neurologic disease characterized clinically by dullness and ataxia occurred in several mares. Equine herpesvirus 1 was isolated from brain and lung of two severely affected mares. Histologically, both mares had disseminated meningoencephalomyelitis characterized by necrotizing arteritis, focal malacia in grey and white matter of brain and spinal cord, and accumulation of lymphocytes and neutrophils in paravertebral ganglia. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies occurred in foci of necrosis in thyroid adenomas of both mares.
Zafracas AM.This paper describes sixteen cases of Candida infection of the genital tract in Thoroughbred mares. Clinical signs and histopathological lesions of the disease are described and the results of treatment with Lugol's solution and Nystatin are given.
Ricketts SW.A safe and simple technique of endometrial biopsy is described which the results suggest is a useful adjunct to the diagnosis of suspected pathological conditions of the uterus. In conjunction with other clinical data and a knowledge of the breeding history, histopathological findings form a basis for prognosis and treatment of the subfertile mare. A system of classification is presented as a basis for continuing work on the correlation of endometrial histopathology with fertility and breeding potential.
Moffatt RE, Kramer LL, Lerner D, Jones R.Concentrations of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS) ranging from three to five times the recommended dosage produced severe diarrhea, rapid dehydration and death in seven horses and 66 guinea pigs when administered experimentally per os. Clinicopathological findings indicated hemoconcentration in both horses and guinea pigs. There was a leucocytosis in the guinea pigs given the highest dosages. In all cases the principal finding at necropsy was extreme fluid distention of the intestinal tract. There was histopathological evidence of epithelial denudation and vascular stasis. The LD50 in the ...
Harrington DD.1. The effects of feeding with a purified magnesium-deficient diet (--Mg, 7-8 mg Mg/kg) on horse foal blood serum and tissue concentrations of Mg, calcium and phosphorus were studied, and the results compared with histopathological findings. 2. Serum concentrations of Ca and P were unaffected by feeding with the --Mg diet, whereas serum Mg concentrations decreased from a mean initial (day o) concentration of 0.78 mmol/l to 0.53 mmol/l 7 d after foals were placed on the -Mg diet, and then continued to decrease at a slower rate. 3. Aorta concentrations of Ca and P, but not Mg, were positively co...
Ricketts SW.The author describes a technique for obtaining endometrail biopsy specimens from mares. the noraml cyclincal histology of the endometrium and anarbitarry classification histology of the endometrium and an arbitarary classification of the histopathology seen in endometrial biopsy speciemens. Previous literature on the subject is cited. Results of endometrial biopsies taken by the author from 134 barren mares, with histories of subfertility are descirbed and classified. The use of the technique and the interpretationof its find ings in relation to reproductive performance is discussed.
Thompson DB, Studdert MJ, Beilharz RG, Littlejohns IR.A fatal syndrome of certain Arabian foals which begins at about 25 days of age (range 14 to 46 days) and which runs a course of about 23 days (range 13 to 42 days) is described. The syndrome, which affected 17 foals on a single farm is further characterised by pneumonia, in some instances by dermatitis (dermatophilosis) and other infections, together with a progressive decline in health till death at about 49 days of age (range 34 to 77 days), despite intensive therapy. Four of the foals, on histopathological evidence, had adenviral pneumonia, in 2 foals there was histopathological evidence of...
Harrington DD.Spontaneous Tyzzer's disease is described in quarter horse foals which died suddenly with no clinical history of apparent illness. Significant gross findings included icterus, focal paletan areas in the liver and catarrhal entercolitis. Focal dark red lesions were present in the small intestine of one foal, and the mesenteric lymph nodes of another were enlarged and hyperemic. Histopathologically, the liver showed multiple discrete and confluent foci of necrosis, fatty change, sinusoid congestion and haemorrhage. Bundles of intracytoplasmic bacilli were demonstrated in hepatocytes at the margi...
Ford GH, Empson RN, Plopper CG, Brown PH.Masses removed from the superficial fascia of the jugular groove of a 12-year-old Arabian mare and from the femoral canal of a 7 1/2-year-old female cat appeared to be counterparts of the human malignant giant cell tumor of soft parts, even recapitulating the clinical behavior of the respective subgroups. Histologically, both neoplasms contained the characteristic features of the malignant giant cell tumor of soft parts: large multinucleate giant cells, pleomorphic mononuclear giant cells, histiocytes, fibroblasts and fibrocytes that were sometimes sarcomatous, and foci of hemorrhage and necro...
Tabel H, Charlton KM.A horse showing clinical signs of a neurological disorder was killed and various diagnostic tests for rabies were carried out. Histopathlogy revealed a nonsuppurative encephalitis. Fluorescent antibody test and mouse inoculation test were negative. A positive diagnosis of rabies was based on a high antibody titer (1:10,000) to rabies virus in brain tissue.
Smith IM, Girard A, Corner AH, Mitchell D.Using two known positive equine viral rhinopneumonitis (EVR) sera, conjugates were prepared with fluorescein isothiocyanate and tested for specificity using EVR infected tissue culture cells. The conjugate was then applied to selected tissues from 32 aborted fetuses and foals submitted during a natural outbreak of EVR. Antigen was detected in various tissues by immunofluorescence in 20 cases (62.5%). In 24 cases bovine fetal kidney cell monolayers were inoculated with a pool of lung and liver and EVR virus was isolated from 15 (62.5%). Histological examination of various tissues from 29 cases ...
Else RW, Holmes JR.The normal histology of cardiac tissues has been described by many authors, for example Gross and Kugel (1931), Trautmann and Fiebiger (1952), Gould (1968), Bloom and Fawcett (1969) and Ham (1969). In the horse, a few reports have described microscopic valvular pathology in detail (Ackerknecht 1923, Imre 1933, Ubach and Cler 1944). Experimentally induced lesions have been reported by Wadsworth (1919), Wadsworth and Sickles (1927) and Miller (1944), and endocarditis was described by Winqvist (1945) and Dobin (1959, 1968).
In 1966, Smetzer, Bishop and Smith outlined the valvular pathology ass...
Rubarth S, Krook L.Following a description of the histopathology of so-called mucoid degeneration of the nasal conchae in the horse, the authors conclude that the morphologic nature of the disease is osteodystrophia fibrosa. The lesions are believed to be expressions of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism.
de Moura Alonso J, Apolonio EVP, Teng FS, Perandré PI, Amorim RL, Mazaro RD, Watanabe MJ, Alves ALG, Hussni CA.In horses, basal cell neoplasms are uncommon benign tumors with slow growth mostly reported in the skin and eyelid. Malignant presentation is even more uncommon. This report describes a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in the periocular region of a 10-year-old donkey. The animal presented good body condition and a neoformation in the right eye, noted 3 months prior to hospital admission. At the ophthalmological examination, the mass was identified above and adhered to the cornea, measuring 3.0 × 2.5 × 1.5 cm. Cytology revealed a suspicion of a malignant epithelial neoplasm, characterized ...
Campebell RC, Oliveira AB, Fagundes JLA, Fortes BNA, Veado HC, Macedo IL, Dallago BSL, Barud HS, Adorno J, Salvador PAV, Santos PS, Castro MB.This study evaluates the wound-healing process in horses following the application of two treatment modalities: bacterial cellulose hydrogel with alginate (BCAW) and frog skin (FSW) dressings on experimentally induced skin wounds. Throughout the experiment, no clinical abnormalities were noted in the horses, although initial wound assessments indicated edema and sensitivity. Local hemorrhage was observed in some cases on Day 0, with granulation tissue formation evident by Day 14. Epithelialization began around Day 14 but did not reach complete healing in any group by Day 28. The analysis showe...
Holz N, Suárez J, Hetzel U, Rampazzo A, Stoppini R.A 15-year-old Swiss Warmblood gelding was presented to the ophthalmology service of Zurich University due to severe visual impairment. Ophthalmic and neurologic examinations were performed, raising suspicion of post-retinal blindness. Standing contrast computed tomography (CT) of the head revealed a partially calcified, soft tissue attenuating mass in the sphenopalatine sinus with concurrent compression of the optic nerves and chiasm. Differential diagnosis included neoplasia and granulomatous disease. The horse was euthanized, and the head was subsequently examined by magnetic resonance imagi...
Abdelnaby EA, ElKader NAA, Yehia SG, Salem NY, Ramadan ES, Khattab MS, Farghali HA, Emam IA.This study aimed to demonstrate the vaginal tissue alterations via vaginal biopsy and hemodynamic alterations by introducing chromoendoscopy to analyse the effect of equine vaginitis on the oxidative and hormonal profile. Mares were divided into normal mares (N = 10) and affected mares (N = 10). Animals were subjected to Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation, endoscopic examination, oxidative stress was estimated, and biopsy samples were taken for histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Uterine body (UB) thickness (mm), circumference (mm) and area (mm) elevated significantly in infected...
Azari O, Ghamsari SM, Roustaei A, Golchin D, Baharloo F, Javaheri M, Valizadeh N.This report describes a case of massive renal cell carcinoma (RCC) causing mild chronic colic in a 20-day-postpartum Arabian mare. The mare presented with deteriorating abdominal pain following normal parturition. Clinical examination revealed tachycardia, tachypnoea, weak intestinal motility and pale mucosal membranes. Rectal examination identified a very large mass in the caudal part of the abdominal cavity, and abdominal ultrasound examination revealed a huge space-occupying mass with renal architecture. During midline exploratory laparotomy, a massive tumour was observed in the anatomical ...
Schollmeyer M, Liebler-Tenorio EM, Felton C, Kohl S, Ulrich R.A 34-year-old Haflinger gelding presented with a unilateral, expansile, intranasal mass that regrew after partial excision. After euthanasia, a large pedunculated mass that originated from the left caudal maxillary sinus and obliterated the left nasal cavity was seen by radiological and macroscopic examination. Histopathology revealed a poorly cellular, expansile, well-vascularized neoplasm composed of a loosely arranged meshwork of spindle cells and collagen fibres. Spindle cells were immunopositive for alpha-smooth muscle actin and occasionally for vimentin, whereas endothelial cells immunol...
Dimuccio MM, Ceci E, Bonerba E, Celentano FE, De Marzo P, Leone R, Sportelli S, Bozzo G.The aim of this study was to evaluate cadmium (Cd) concentrations in horses imported from various European Union countries and slaughtered in Italy. In addition, we assessed the potential correlation between Cd levels in tissues and organs, and Cd-related gross and histological lesions. The animals were divided into six groups based on age and geographical origin. Among the 430 animals examined, gross renal lesions were observed in only two kidney samples from Polish horses, which also had the highest Cd concentrations: 9.1 mg/kg w/w and 8.23 mg/kg w/w, respectively. Further histological a...
Hansen S, Hopster-Iversen C, Berg L, Fjeldborg J, Massey C, Piercy RJ, Carstensen H.Exertional myopathies are recognised as a cause of poor performance in equines. In Icelandic horses presenting reduced performance and/or multi-limb lameness, no specific myopathy has been identified. Objective: To characterise the clinical presentation and histopathological findings in muscle biopsy samples from Icelandic horses demonstrating poor performance. Methods: Case series. Methods: Phenotypic characteristics, clinical examination and diagnoses of 17 Icelandic horses were studied. All horses had a resting serum creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate transaminase activities measured, and C...
Al-Hammadi MA.Equine papillomavirus type 1 (EcPV-1) causes cutaneous papillomatosis in horses, which is characterized by benign, proliferative epithelial lesions. Despite its global presence, the prevalence and characterization of EcPV-1 in Arabian horses in Saudi Arabia have not been previously reported. Unassigned: This study is the first to identify and comprehensively analyze EcPV-1 in four Arabian horses presenting with multiple raised, verrucous lesions around the muzzle and lips. Unassigned: This study involved clinical examination, skin biopsy collection, histopathological examination, and molecular...
Gómez-Torres F, Ballesteros-Acuña L, Ruíz-Sauri A.Arrhythmic sudden cardiac death in dogs and horses often results from ventricular arrhythmia secondary to myocardial damage. Despite this, limited data exist on the histomorphometric changes in cardiac conduction fibers (CCFs) and cardiac conduction cells (CCCs) following spontaneous myocardial infarction (MI). This study aimed to characterize morphometric and histological alterations in conduction fibers and their junctions with cardiomyocytes in infarcted hearts of horses and dogs. Unassigned: Ten hearts from horses and 10 from dogs that had died suddenly were examined. Histological and immu...
Souto EPF, Dantas VW, Oliveira AM, Garcia DS, Vilela VLR, Neto EGM, Mota RA, Dantas AFM.Strongylus vulgaris remains a significant cause of disease in equids, especially in regions with insufficient deworming practices. Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical, pathological, and parasitological findings of vascular and extravascular lesions associated with S. vulgaris in equids. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on necropsy reports from equids examined at the Animal Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Campina Grande (2000-2024), targeting cases of vascular lesions associated with S. vulgaris. Epidemiological, clinical, and pathological findings we...
Pimenta J, Cotovio M.This study explores equine veterinarians' clinical practices regarding mucocutaneous tumors, based on a survey conducted among members of the Portuguese Association of Equine Veterinarians, and examines their perceptions of owner and buyer concerns regarding these tumors. Veterinarians expressed significantly greater concern about squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) during routine examinations ( < 0.001) compared to sarcoids and melanomas. Concern over sarcoids was significantly greater during pre-purchase evaluations compared to routine clinical exams ( = 0.03). For melanomas, a trend toward increa...
Mathys RA, Schmitz TR, Geyer H, Borel N, Hilbe M, Ohlerth S, Bischofberger AS.This study described, assessed and correlated ultrasonographic, computed tomographic, and histological findings in the sacroiliac joints of adult Warmblood horse cadavers. In total, 25 joints from 15 horses were examined post-mortem using transrectal ultrasonography and helical computed tomography. Findings on computed tomography were graded in the caudal joint third (caudally) and for the entire joint as mild, moderate, or severe. In total, 11 joints from nine horses were evaluated histologically. All joints (100%) showed abnormalities on computed tomography, and 92% (23/25) displayed abnorma...
Celik F, Karabulut B, Uslug M, Cankaya E, Eroksuz Y, Simsek S. is a parasitic cestode primarily maintained within an equine-canine life cycle, with horses, donkeys, mules, and other ungulates serving as intermediate hosts. Although has historically been considered non-zoonotic, recent molecular studies suggest that this assumption may need to be reevaluated. This study aimed to investigate the presence and molecular characterization of in equids from Türkiye. A retrospective analysis of 52 equine necropsies performed between 2020 and 2025 identified hydatid cysts in one Arabian horse and two donkeys. Gross and histopathological examination confirmed t...
Vallejo-Soto P, Dorado J, Herrera-García R, Álvarez-Delgado C, Gómez-Laguna J, Santiago Á, Manrique M, González Ariza A, León Jurado JM....Assisted reproductive techniques are often extrapolated from horses to donkeys, despite poorer fertility outcomes in jennies. This issue has been attributed to unknown uterine species-specific differences. This study compared, through histomorphometry, the endometrium of jennies and mares. Endometrial biopsies (N = 12) were taken from reproductively sound jennies (n = 6) and mares (n = 6) in estrus. Histomorphometric analysis evaluated luminal (LE, µm) and glandular epithelium height (GE, µm), glandular lumen diameter (LD, µm), glandular area (GA, µm), the number of glands (#G), and glandu...
Siwinska N, Ciaputa R, Dlugopolska D, Paszkowska M, Haider W, Schwegler K.Primary hepatic neoplasms are rare in horses and often have a poor prognosis due to non-specific clinical signs and delayed diagnosis. This report describes two cases of primary hepatic neoplasia in young horses. The first case was a yearling Hanoverian filly presenting with non-specific clinical signs, including poor weight gain and inappetence, ultimately diagnosed with hepatoblastoma based on ultrasonographic findings and histopathological examination. The second case was a three-year-old Polish Sport Horse stallion that died suddenly, with post-mortem examination revealing advanced cholang...
Johnson A, Karam B, Schroeder O, McKaig L, Loesch K.A 12-month-old miniature horse filly was presented because of laminitis, suspected lymphangitis, and pyrexia. Although the filly's initial physical examination and diagnostic tests suggested an infectious etiology, ultrasonographic findings were suspicious for generalized steatitis. This was confirmed histopathology. The filly experienced full recovery with continued resolution of clinical signs at 18 mo after presentation. This case included aspects similar to those of previously reported clinical presentations, as well as long-term follow-up in a breed that is not overrepresented, providing...
Sjolin E, Espinosa D, Arroyo L, Kenney D, Lack A, Baird J.Listeriosis is caused by , a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, intracellular rod bacterium that can infect a wide variety of species. Listeriosis occurs in a diverse range of domestic and wild animals but is most commonly a disease of ruminants. Clinical signs include meningoencephalitis, typhlocolitis, septic arthritis, and abortions. Listeriosis in horses has been reported in several countries but is an uncommon diagnosis. This report describes clinical, bacteriological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings in 6 foals with neonatal septicemia from which was isolated. Key ...
Equine chronic degenerative endometritis (CDE) is a progressive process characterized by endometrial fibrosis that could be responsible for alterations of uterine environment and foetal-maternal communication. Objective: The aim of this study was to try to restore this communication by intrauterine administrations of amniotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles (AMC-EVs) in a case series. Methods: Twelve mares were selected on the basis of their reproductive history of early embryonic loss or abortion and clinical suspicion of CDE subsequently verified with histopathological examination of end...
Rissi DR, Mendes RE.Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common ocular and periocular neoplasm of horses, typically arising from the limbus, third eyelid mucosa or mucocutaneous junctions of the upper and lower eyelids. Tumours are locally invasive, prone to recurrence and may rarely metastasize. Histological evaluation is required for definitive diagnosis and atypical SCC subtypes may be diagnostically challenging. Here we describe a clear cell SCC in the third eyelid of a 16-year-old female Quarter Horse. The red and invasive mass was surgically excised for histological evaluation. The lesion consisted of ...
Toddy T, Ledbetter EC, Knickelbein KE.To describe the demographics and treatment outcomes of horses definitively diagnosed with epithelial or stromal immune-mediated keratitis (IMMK) by use of in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) and/or histopathology. Unassigned: Medical records of horses presented to the Cornell University Equine Hospital definitively diagnosed with epithelial or stromal IMMK with IVCM and/or histopathology between 2020 and 2024 were reviewed. Patient signalment, affected eye(s), diagnostics, treatments, and outcomes were assessed. Unassigned: 22 horses met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 16.9 years (SD, ...
Campos Schweitzer A, Mespoulhes-Rivière C, Perkins JD, Ducharme NG, Piercy RJ, Lynch N, Rossignol F.To evaluate functional and histopathologic outcomes of standing selective laryngeal reinnervation using the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) in horses with experimentally induced recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN). Methods: Five Thoroughbred mares. Methods: Prospective cohort study. Methods: The horses underwent left recurrent laryngeal neurectomy followed 8 weeks later by selective laryngeal reinnervation using the SAN. Follow-up evaluations at 4.5, 6, 8, and 12 months included treadmill exercising endoscopy, ultrasonography of intrinsic laryngeal muscles, and percutaneous electrical stimul...
Ledbetter EC, Knickelbein KE, Irby NL, Schmidt C.To describe the clinical and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) characteristics of horses with corneal stromal invasive squamous cell carcinoma (CSI-SCC). Methods: Retrospective study of 7 horses with histopathologically confirmed unilateral CSI-SCC. Methods: Horses with corneal CSI-SCC were examined by laser scanning IVCM. Signalment, clinical findings, and histopathology results were compared with IVCM findings. Results: Clinical ocular lesions in all horses included a heavily vascularized, opaque, gray or tan, anterior or midstromal opacity invading the cornea from the limbus. The corneal ...
Andrade AC, Fonseca SMC, Silva Filho GB, Melo ET, Santos JRP, Frota MLSL, Duarte JMBS, Evêncio-Neto J, Brito LB, Lima TS, Wicpolt NS, Riet-Correa F....We report an outbreak of Crotalaria juncea intoxication in horses exhibiting progressive weight loss and respiratory distress in northeastern Brazil. Necropsy revealed firm, non-collapsed lungs with extensive interstitial fibrosis, bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia with club cells proliferation, and marked pulmonary arterial remodeling. Hepatic lesions consisted primarily of centrilobular necrosis, probably resulting from hypoxic injury related to anemia and prolonged agonic death. Pasture inspection identified significant invasion by shrubs of C. juncea in various phenological stages.
Letourneau AR, Butler BA, Martinez PS, da Costa Martins B, Monk CS, Plummer CE.To describe a medial canthoplasty surgical procedure in two horses for correction of euryblepharon, secondary to microphthalmia, and following excision of retrobulbar fat prolapse. Methods: A 1 year old thoroughbred mare was presented for small globes and chronic ocular discharge bilaterally. Ophthalmic examination revealed microphthalmos, euryblepharon, medial canthal pocket syndrome, and dacryocystitis bilaterally with no visual impairments. A 2 year old Appaloosa gelding was presented for evaluation of a smooth, subconjunctival mass anterior to the right globe in the medial canthus. Oph...
Gallacher K, Woolford L, Santos LC, Serpa PBS, Len J, Gilbert RO, Kind KL.Endometrial health is vital for the reproductive efficiency of broodmares and accurate diagnostic testing is crucial for directing the best treatment options and outcomes. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an endoscopic technique for obtaining in-vivo, real-time microscopic imaging of tissues using a fiber optic probe. CLE relies on induced tissue fluorescence and fluorescein sodium, given intravenously, is the contrast agent most used in human medicine. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of CLE for imaging equine endometrium and determine a standard dose of fluorescein sodium ...
Sancler-Silva YFR, Papa FO, Esteller-Vico A, Silva-Junior E, Oliveira TES, El-Sheikh Ali H, Boakari YL, Freitas MSE, Ball BA.This study evaluated the effects of oral pentoxifylline on testicular biometry, histology, and gene expression in stallions subjected to scrotal heat stress. Fourteen stallions were divided into three groups: Control (CRL, n = 4), Testicular Degeneration (DEG, n = 5), and Testicular Degeneration Treated with Pentoxifylline (DEG + PTX, n = 5). Testicular degeneration was induced by scrotal insulation, twice daily, over two consecutive days (D-1 and D0). Starting the next day (D1), oral pentoxifylline (17 mg/kg) was administered every 12 h for 30 days. Testicular biometry was measured ...
Fernandes T, Robin MG, Oikawa MA, Alexander GR, Pompermayer E, Uberti B.Tracheal congenital defects are infrequent but serious findings in animals. Tracheal diverticula are congenital air-filled cystic lesions, a sub-type of paratracheal air cyst mainly found extra-thoracically in foals. We describe a case in a twelve-day old show Arabian colt with right sided unilateral cervical swelling since birth. Percutaneous ultrasound revealed a heterogeneously air- and fluid-filled spheroid mass, and upper airway endoscopy confirmed luminal communication to the trachea. Contrasted computed tomography showed a narrow isthmus originating between two proximal tracheal rings a...
Zamboulis DE, Thorpe CT.The high stresses and strains experienced by the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) make it prone to age-related injury. The SDFT exhibits cellular and structural specializations, localized to the interfascicular matrix (IFM), enabling it to resist its extreme mechanical environment. With aging, these specializations are lost, impacting the ability of the tendon to withstand repeated loading. Within the IFM, there is loss of mechanical properties and organization accompanying cell senescence and a decreased resolution of inflammation. Developing therapeutics to reverse these changes may,...
Martano M, Montagnaro S, Power K, Cuccaro B, Cutarelli A, Maiolino P, Restucci B.This study investigated the presence of δ bovine papillomaviruses (BPV-1, BPV-2, BPV-13, BPV-14) in equine skin lesions from Southern Italy, focusing on equine sarcoids and their histopathological correlations. 63 equine skin samples were analysed using PCR and sequencing for BPV detection, and their histopathological features were assessed. BPV DNA was detected in 69.84% of the samples, with BPV-1 and BPV-2 being the most prevalent genotype, followed by BPV-13, while BPV-14 was not detected. BPV DNA was also found in non-sarcoid tumours and non-neoplastic conditions. Histopathological analys...
