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Topic:Post-Operative Period
The post-operative period in horses refers to the timeframe following surgical procedures during which the animal undergoes recovery and rehabilitation. This period involves careful monitoring and management to ensure proper healing and to minimize complications. Key aspects of the post-operative period include pain management, wound care, and the prevention of infections. Horses may require restricted movement, dietary adjustments, and regular veterinary evaluations to assess recovery progress. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the management strategies, physiological responses, and outcomes associated with the post-operative period in equine patients.
Jejunocolostomy or ileocolostomy for treatment of cecal impaction in horses: nine cases (1985-1995). To determine whether complete cecal bypass, by jejunocolostomy or ileocolostomy, is an effective treatment for horses with cecal impaction. Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records. Methods: 9 horses with cecal impaction managed by jejunocolostomy (3) or ileocolostomy (6) performed with or without typhlotomy for evacuation of cecal contents. Methods: Information on age, breed, gender, duration of medical treatment, preoperative abnormalities, surgical procedure, and postoperative complications was retrieved from the medical records. Follow-up data were obtained via telephone intervie...
Laparoscopic ovariectomy in two horses with granulosa cell tumors. Two mares were admitted for ovariectomy of unilateral granulosa cell tumors. Both mares were ovariectomized (1 unilateral and 1 bilateral) by use of a ventral abdominal laparoscopic technique. This approach required tilting the operative table 30 degrees to elevate the pelvis and to allow observation of the ovaries. Using a single laparoscopic portal and 3 to 4 instrument portals, a triangulation technique was used. The ovarian pedicles were isolated and secured via loop ligation. The ovaries then were divided from the ligated pedicle and placed within specimen bags for extraction. The specime...
A retrospective evaluation of the surgical management of equine carpal injury. Records of 220 thoroughbred horses presented to the Randwick Equine Centre or the University of Queensland Veterinary Teaching Hospital for surgical management of carpal injury were reviewed. Details of racing performance were obtained, enabling evaluation of racing success following surgery. Age and sex matched control horses not known to have suffered carpal injury were selected from the Australian Stud Book and the Australian Racehorse Register. Control and treated populations were compared in terms of overall career racing success. Radiographs or xeroradiographs from 198 horses were availa...
Laparoscopic repair of scrotal hernia in two foals. Nonstrangulating indirect scrotal hernias were corrected in two 4-week-old Percheron foals by a laparoscopic technique. After laparoscopic reduction of herniated nonstrangulated small intestine each testes was retracted through the vaginal ring. The ligament of the tail of the epididymis was transected by electrocautery. The testicular vessels and nerves were isolated by cautery of the mesenteric portion of the mesorchium and then ligated. Staples were used to close the opening of the inguinal canal by apposing the peritoneal edges of the vaginal ring. Resection of umbilical stalk remnants via...
Risk factors associated with development of diarrhea in horses after celiotomy for colic: 190 cases (1990-1994). To determine the incidence of the risk factors for developing diarrhea in horses after celiotomy for colic. Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: 357 adult horses that had celiotomy for colic at the teaching hospital between Jan 1, 1990 and Sep 1, 1994. Methods: Medical records of horses that had celiotomy for colic were reviewed to abstract information regarding development of diarrhea, signalment, history, and treatment. Results: In horses that had celiotomy for colic, the incidence of diarrhea was 53.2% (190/357). Using multiple logistic regression, horses with a disorder of the lar...
Intraosseous epidermoid cyst in a horse. A 21-year-old female American Saddle Horse with a prominent swelling on the ventral aspect of the right hemimandible and radiographic evidence of a bone cyst was examined. The cyst cavity was surgically explored and was found to contain mucinous fluid and sheets of keratin. Microscopically, the cyst was lined by well-differentiated squamous epithelium characterized by various degrees of hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis. The stromal component varied from scant areas in which epithelium was closely apposed to bone to wide regions of dense connective tissue that contained fragments of keratin sur...
Surgical materials and wound closure techniques. Recent innovations in surgical materials have helped to enhance wound healing and protect surgical wounds from infection. Materials such as polyglyconate have been evaluated in equine tissues and found efficacious. Other materials, such as poliglecaprone 25, appear to have qualities useful to equine surgery but are untested in equine tissues. Care must be taken to fully evaluate a new surgical material because its usefulness in equine tissues may not match that in human or laboratory animal tissues. Furthermore, use of disposable materials in surgery, although considered ideal for maintenance ...
Advances in equine arthroscopy. Surgical procedures completed under arthroscopic guidance have become commonplace in many equine practices and have largely replaced surgery using arthrotomy incisions. With a limited amount of equipment, numerous diagnostic and surgical procedures can be completed. Surgeons need to become familiar with regional and intraarticular (intrasynovial) anatomy to ensure that proper surgical approaches are used, access to the lesion will be realized, and potential complications will be minimized. Specialized motorized instruments and surgical lasers are now available and may be useful in the treatmen...
Instrumentation and techniques in equine gastrointestinal surgery. Recent advances in abdominal surgical techniques in the horse have resulted in improved survival rates and reduced postoperative morbidity. The development of abdominal surgical procedures in horses has paralleled the development of safe anesthetic protocols and innovative technological advancements in humans. Irrespective of the species, the application of sound surgical principles is still the foundation of surgical intervention. This article describes recent advances in equine gastrointestinal surgical techniques. The availability and application of innovative intestinal surgical devices an...
Instrumentation and techniques for laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery in the horse. Equine surgery continues to benefit from advances in laparoscopic techniques. Descriptions of the normal anatomy of the standing horse and advances in instrumentation have improved our ability to perform laparoscopic surgery in both standing and dorsally recumbent horses. The common uses for laparoscopy are diagnostic laparoscopy, cryptorchidectomy, ovariectomy, and diagnostic thoracoscopy. Other reported uses include inguinal hernia repair, ruptured bladder repair, and ventral colopexy.
Laparoscopic methods for castration of equids. To evaluate 2 laparoscopic techniques for castration of horses. Methods: Prospective, randomized trial. Methods: 6 sexually intact male ponies. Methods: Ponies were anesthetized and placed in dorsal recumbency. By means of restricted randomization, 1 testis in each pony was selected to undergo in situ destruction (i.e., vascular cauterization and ligation with the testis left in situ); the other testis was pulled back into the abdomen and removed. Baseline and stimulated testosterone concentrations were determined preoperatively and postoperatively. After euthanasia, the in situ testes were ex...
Ultrasonography of the equine triceps muscle before and after general anaesthesia and in post anaesthetic myopathy. The ultrasonographic appearance of the equine triceps muscle of clinically normal horses, before and after general anaesthesia, was investigated and compared with 5 cases of post anaesthetic myopathy. The triceps muscle areas were examined bilaterally using a 7.5 MHz linear array probe in 2 different planes, with each limb both weightbearing and nonweightbearing. The triceps muscles of 4 unanaesthetised horses were scanned twice, 24 h apart. Six horses underwent general anaesthesia and were scanned pre-anaesthesia and at 1 and 24 h intervals after recovery. Blood samples were obtained in the u...
A mare with colic caused by an ovarian tumour. An 11-year-old Arabian mare had sudden signs of colic 10 days post partum. Rectal examination revealed a large mass in the abdomen. The mare was successfully operated on for a granulosa cell tumour of 31.5 kg. The large abdominal wound healed by primary intention.
Application of a hook plate for management of equine ulnar fractures. Closed fractures of the proximal aspect of the ulna were repaired in 10 horses younger than or equal to 6 months of age by application of a hook plate using a tension band principle. Ulnar fractures were classified as type 1A (2 horses), type 1B (4 horses), type 2 (1 horse), type 3 (1 horse), and type 4 (2 horses); all fractures had displacement of a proximal fragment. Complications were implant deformation (4 horses), screw pullout (1 horse), osseous sequestration (1 horse), ulnar fracture through a hole used to apply a tension device (1 horse), and metacarpophalangeal deformity associated wi...
Open peritoneal drainage in horses with experimentally induced peritonitis. Peritonitis was induced in 12 horses by median celiotomy and 1 hour of small intestinal ischemia. Six horses had primary closure of the incision, whereas six horses had a plastic mesh sutured to the ventral abdominal wall leaving the abdomen open for ventral drainage. The mesh was removed after 5 days and the abdominal wall was closed by apposition of the linea alba and subcutaneous tissues and approximation ef the skin edges. Peritoneal fluid was collected and analyzed for nucleated cell count and total protein concentration on days 0 and 5. Serum biochemical profiles, serum electrolyte conce...
Viability of split-thickness skin grafts attached with fibrin glue. Full-thickness, circular, cutaneous wounds (4 cm diameter) were created on metacarpi and metatarsi of 5 horses. On day 6, all 4 wounds on each horse received a stored autogenous split-thickness sheet graft. Grafts were obtained from the horse's ventrolateral thorax with a pneumatic dermatome at the time the cutaneous wounds were created. Grafts were coapted to the granulation bed of 2 wounds of each horse with fibrin glue. Grafts were coapted to the cutaneous margin of all 4 wounds of each horse with cyanoacrylate glue. Bandages were changed daily until the study ended at 14 d. When the bandag...
Surgical treatment for colic in the foal (67 cases): 1980-1992. Sixty-seven foals age 2 years following surgery, compared to 69% of foals with nonstrangulating lesions. The age of foals on admission had a significant effect on survival. Only 10% of foals less than 14 days of age survived, compared to 45.8% of foals between age 15 and 150 days.
Repair and function of synovium after arthroscopic synovectomy of the dorsal compartment of the equine antebrachiocarpal joint. The reparative ability of equine synovium was determined by gross, histological, and ultrastructural examination. The functional potential of the synovium was estimated by examination of synovial cell organelles with transmission electron microscopy. Results from rested and exercised horses were compared to determine the effect of exercise on synovial healing. The response of synovectomized joint to exercise was evaluated with a standardized lameness examination and by gross, histological, and histochemical observations of the articular cartilage. A 7-mm diameter motorized synovial resector wa...
Colonic luminal pressure in horses with strangulating and nonstrangulating obstruction of the large colon. Colonic luminal pressure (median, range) measured during ventral midline celiotomy in 69 horses with strangulating obstruction (SO) of the large colon (SO; > or = 270 degrees large colon volvulus; 27 cm H2O: 2 to 80 cm H2O) was greater (P = .0023) than that measured in 37 horses with nonstrangulating obstruction (NSO) of the large colon (NSO; < or = 180 degrees volvulus or a nonstrangulating displacement; 18 cm H2O; 6 to 46 cm H2O). Sixty-five percent (45 of 69) of horses with SO and all horses with NSO survived. Survival analysis was restricted to 59 horses with large-colon SO that surv...
The diagnosis and surgical correction of congenital portosystemic vascular anomalies in two calves and two foals. Two calves and two foals presented with episodic clinical signs of diffuse central nervous system disease. Portosystemic anomalies were tentatively diagnosed based on the history, clinical signs and increased serum concentrations of blood ammonia and total serum bile acids with normal concentrations of liver derived enzymes. one calf died before intraoperative contrast portography, whereas the other calf and both foals had marked clinical improvement after intensive medical therapy. Surgical correction was attempted in these three animals and was successful in one foal. A right paracostal celi...
Surgical treatment of navicular syndrome in the horse using navicular suspensory desmotomy. Seventeen horses diagnosed as having navicular syndrome on the basis of history, clinical findings, regional local anaesthesia and radiography were subjected to bilateral navicular suspensory desmotomy. Before surgery, the duration of navicular lameness ranged from 6 weeks to 4 years. Previous unsuccessful treatments prior to surgery included nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, corrective shoeing, rest and isoxsuprine. For the seventeen horses subject to surgery, twelve horses were sound, one horse was improved and four horses were lame at a minimum of 6 months after surgery.
Evaluation of five common induction protocols by comparison of hemodynamic responses to surgical manipulation in halothane-anesthetized horses. To determine whether hemodynamic responses of halothane-anesthetized horses undergoing surgical procedures depended on anesthetic induction protocols used, and to determine whether hemodynamic responses to surgical manipulation could be detected. Methods: Prospective experimental study without controls. Methods: 36 clinically normal horses. Methods: Horses were allotted to 5 groups according to anesthetic induction protocol: acepromazine/guaifenesin/thiamylal, acepromazine/guaifenesin/ketamine, xylazine/guaifenesin/thiamylal, xylazine/guaifenesin/ketamine, and xylazine/diazepam/ketamine. Anest...
Total replacement of the metatarsophalangeal joint in the horse. A single pilot study. In this paper the successful replacement of an equine metatarsophalangeal joint by a human total condylar knee prosthesis is reported. In the period of observation following implantation of the endoprosthesis the experimental animal showed almost no lameness when exercised at walk, bearing weight on the operated limb. Flexion and extension of the joint were markedly reduced. The clinical and histological observations clearly support further investigation into the equine metatarsophalangeal joint replacement by an endoprosthesis.
Acute post-treatment enterocolitis in 13 horses treated in a Norwegian surgical ward. Case histories, results of laboratory analyses, treatment regimens and outcome are described for 13 horses that developed acute enterocolitis after various surgical treatments. Twelve of the 13 horses had been cast in lateral recumbency, and 10 of those 12 had received general anesthesia. Eleven horses had been treated with antimicrobial drugs. Most horses (11) developed diarrhea 2 days after initiation of treatment, with a variation from 1 to 5 days. The most apparent symptoms were fever, up to 40.5 degrees C, elevated heart rate, discoloration of mucous membranes, and diarrhea. Dehydration, ...
Recovery rate and quality of embryos from mares inseminated at the first post-partum oestrus. The pregnancy rate is lower in mares inseminated at the first post-partum (p.p.) oestrus (40-50%) compared with pregnancy rates in subsequent oestrous cycles (55-65%). The causes of the lowered pregnancy rate are not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to examine if embryonic defects could be one of the reasons for lowered pregnancy rate. A total of 23 p.p. and 14 non-lactating control mares were flushed 7 days after detection of ovulation. Embryo recovery rate was 48% and 71% in p.p. and control mares, respectively (p = 0.16). Embryos were photographed, measured, graded and sta...
Comparison of arthroscopy and arthrotomy for the treatment of osteochondritic lesions in the femoropatellar joint of horses. Forty-eight horses with osteochondritic lesions of the femoropatellar joint were treated, 23 of them by an arthrotomy and 25 by arthroscopy. Follow-up information was obtained from either the owner or the referring veterinarian by telephone inquiry. There were no statistical differences between the groups of horses undergoing the two procedures with regard to age, sex, breed, the involvement of one or both limbs, the size of the lesion, and the duration of either the surgery or anaesthesia. However, the horses treated by an arthrotomy spent 14.5 days in hospital after the operation whereas tho...
Laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy in two stallions. Two mature stallions that were used for breeding purposes were admitted for evaluation of inguinal hernias. In 1 horse, the hernia was reduced per rectum by gentle traction applied to the intestine. In the other horse, the hernia was reduced by placing the horse in dorsal recumbency and applying external pressure over the scrotum. Both horses were observed for recurrence of the hernia. Seven days later, an elective laparoscopic technique for inguinal herniorrhaphy was performed on each horse, using polypropylene mesh. Complications did not develop, and both horses have successfully completed 2...
Drugs coordinating and restoring gastrointestinal motility and their effect on selected hypodynamic gastrointestinal disorders in horses and cattle. Hypodynamic gastrointestinal disorders in horses and cattle that are thought to benefit from treatment with drugs restoring and coordinating gastrointestinal motility include postoperative ileus and large colon impaction in the horse and displacement of the abomasum and dilatation of the cecum in cattle. Important physiologic, pathophysiologic and pharmacologic mechanisms involved in the intrinsic control of gastrointestinal motility include cholinergic, adrenergic, dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and opioid-mediated pathways. Preliminary results suggest that cisapride, acting on 5-Hydroxytrypta...
