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Topic:Veterinary Research
Veterinary research in horses encompasses the study of diseases, health management, and medical treatments specific to equine species. This field investigates various aspects of horse health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. Researchers focus on understanding the pathophysiology of equine ailments, developing diagnostic tools, and evaluating therapeutic interventions. The study of horse health also involves examining preventive measures such as vaccination protocols and nutritional management to promote overall well-being. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse areas of veterinary science related to horses, providing insights into disease mechanisms, treatment strategies, and advancements in equine healthcare.
Flow reversal through a Mark III halothane vaporizer. A fault in the assembly of a Matrix Large Animal Circle anaesthetic machine resulted in reversal of fresh gas flow through the vaporizer. The fault was discovered only after the sudden development of excessive depth of anaesthesia in two equine patients. Laboratory investigations were conducted to determine the effect of flow reversal on vaporizer output. Results indicated that output concentration was approximately doubled under these conditions.
Equine rabies. With the continued increase in the number of wildlife rabies cases reported across the United States and Canada, this disease will remain a threat to the horse as the potential for exposure to infected wildlife and other domestic animals is likely to also increase. Because there are no rapid, definitive antemortem diagnostic tests, the tentative diagnosis is based upon the variable and sometimes nonspecific clinical signs. Although the CSF analysis may be helpful in some cases, it may not be abnormal. Nor is collection of the specimen always practical in the field situation. The FAT on neural ...
Reproductive performance of thoroughbred mares on six commercial stud farms. The records of 1630 mare years from 6 Thoroughbred stud farms in south eastern Australia were analysed for the years 1981 to 1986. Overall pregnancy and foaling rates were 83.9% and 69.3%, respectively. When calculated per served oestrous cycle, pregnancy and foaling rates were 54.7% and 43.1%, respectively. Pregnancy and foaling rates were higher (P < 0.001) for mares 3 to 10 years of age than for older mares. There was no difference in the pregnancy rates of maiden, barren and foaling mares. The foaling rate was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in mares that became pregnant during the ...
Application of epidemiologic principles and methods to investigating and controlling equine infectious diseases. Epidemiology is a tool much like any other diagnostic tool that the practitioner uses as an aid in the complete physical examination of the group of animals. It can be used to generate a specific differential diagnosis list. Epidemiology is especially useful to design a disease control and prevention program by helping to elucidate the key determinants of disease occurrence.
African horse sickness. AHS is a noncontagious vector-borne disease of Equidae caused by Orbiviruses. Species susceptibility in decreasing order is horses, mules, donkeys, and zebras. The main vectors of AHS are culicoides. The disease is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, but epizootics have occurred outside of this area on several occasions. The most recent outbreaks outside of the endemic area were in Spain, Morocco, and Portugal between 1987 and 1990. AHS causes mortality up to 95% and is classically divided into four clinical forms: the pulmonary, cardiac, mixed, and horse fever forms. Pathologic changes are subcuta...
Effect of intramuscularly administered polysulfated glycosaminoglycan on articular cartilage from equine joints injected with methylprednisolone acetate. Intra-articularly administered, long-acting corticosteroids are a beneficial treatment for many equine joint disorders because they alleviate inflammation and signs of pain, but they also exert detrimental effects on the biochemical composition and morphologic features of articular cartilage. Chondroprotective drugs have been shown to mitigate some of the deleterious effects of intra-articularly administered corticosteroids on articular cartilage of laboratory animals. Twenty-one ponies were assigned at random to receive 1 of 3 treatments in the right middle carpal joint. Group-1 ponies (n = 8...
The acute effect of lowering plasma cortisol on the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone, arginine vasopressin, and adrenocorticotropin as revealed by intensive sampling of pituitary venous blood in the normal horse. The effect of an acute fall in plasma cortisol on the secretion of CRH, arginine vasopressin (AVP), and ACTH was studied using our nonsurgical technique for collecting pituitary venous (PV) blood from horses. PV blood from six mares was collected continuously and divided into 30-sec segments for 0.5 h before and during a 3-h infusion of metyrapone, an 11-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor. During treatment, plasma cortisol fell (P < 0.01) to a mean nadir of 15% of pretreatment levels, and 11-deoxy-cortisol rose (P < 0.02). Three mares became mildly agitated during treatment. Mean PV concentratio...
Effects of gestation, lactation, and maternal calcium intake on mechanical strength of equine bone. Skeletal homeostasis during late gestation, lactation, and the post-lactational recovery period is poorly understood. In an experiment using an animal model (the horse), metacarpal breaking strengths (MBS) estimated via transmission ultrasonics were examined during the last 12 weeks of gestation and for 40 weeks after parturition. MBS increased during the last 6-10 weeks of gestation in mares fed amounts of calcium (Ca) recommended by the National Research Council; maximum MBS coincided with the week of parturition. In contrast, MBS in mares fed 20% less Ca remained relatively constant during ...
The equine herpesviruses. Two viruses, EHV-1 and EHV-4, are now known to be responsible for disease conditions formerly considered caused by "equine rhinopneumonitis virus." Although these viruses share several laboratory and clinical features, they differ in epidemiology and pathogenic potential. EHV-4 is primarily associated with clinical respiratory disease, whereas EHV-1 is more frequently isolated from aborted fetuses, sickly foals, and neurologic cases. Both viruses frequently establish latent infections, but the relevance of latency to clinical disease is unclear. Diagnosis based on identification of the pathoge...
Serum osteocalcin concentration in horses treated with triamcinolone acetonide. The effect of triamcinolone acetonide (0.09 mg/kg of body weight, IM) on serum osteocalcin concentration was studied. Two groups of horses were investigated and included clinically normal horses (group 1, n = 5) and horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (group 2, n = 5). Before treatment, results of a t-test did not reveal any significant difference in serum osteocalcin concentration between the 2 groups. After treatment, a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in serum osteocalcin concentration was observed for both groups. Osteocalcin concentration in individual horses reached a min...
Left dorsal displacement of the colon with splenic adhesions in three horses. Three horses underwent exploratory celiotomy because of signs of acute abdominal pain. At surgery, all horses were diagnosed as having left dorsal displacement of the large colon. Each surgery was complicated by fibrous adhesions of the spleen to the body wall. All horses had previously undergone abdominal surgery for colic. In these cases, it appeared that the left large colon displaced cranially and then entered the renosplenic space from a cranial to caudal direction. Adhesions of the spleen to the body wall would prevent correction of left dorsal displacement of the large colon by the roll...
Splenectomy alters blood pressure response to incremental treadmill exercise in horses. Six intact (IN) and five splenectomized (SP) mares were subjected to an incremental exercise test to examine the effects of splenectomy on blood pressure responses during exercise. During the test the horses ran up a 6 degree grade on a treadmill set at an initial speed of 4 m/s. Speed was increased 1 m/s every 1 min until heart rate (HR) reached a plateau. Hemodynamic data were collected continuously and analyzed for the last 18 s of the 4, 5, 6, and 7 m/s steps of the exercise test. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between the groups for resting means for any parameter measured in the...
Vesicular stomatitis in the horse. Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is a viral disease of livestock that results in vesicles and ulcerations on the teats, oral mucosa, tongue, and coronary bands. All three main serotypes of the VS virus can infect the horse. Although VS does not have a major impact on the equine industry, it is clinically identical to the other more economically devastating vesicular diseases of cattle and swine and can produce influenza-like symptoms in humans. VS in horses is reportable, as are all vesicular diseases of livestock.
Evaluation of agar gel immunodiffusion and indirect fluorescent antibody assays as supplemental tests for dourine in equids. The agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assays were evaluated as supplemental tests to the complement-fixation (CF) test, the official US importation certification test for dourine in equids. The American stabilate (n = 10 animals) or the Canadian stabilate (n = 6 animals) of Trypanosoma equiperdum cultured in rat blood was administered by catheterization and infusion in the urogenital tract of 16 equids. To assess parasitemia and serologic responses by use of the CF, AGID, and IFA tests, a total of 787 serum and blood samples were obtained from equids befor...
Viscosupplementation: a new concept in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Viscosupplementation is a new medical concept that has as its therapeutic goal the restoration of rheological homeostasis in pathological structures such as osteoarthritic joints. When the normal viscoelasticity of a solid tissue compartment or the elastoviscosity of a liquid tissue compartment is decreased under pathological conditions, normal function and regenerative processes are impaired. By introducing viscosupplementary devices, the normal rheological state of such compartments is restored or augmented. These devices stay in the tissue compartment for various periods of time, depending ...
Biomechanical considerations in the treatment of navicular disease. In recent years much attention has been paid to vascular studies of the navicular bone in health and disease; however, the relative importance of these studies has overshadowed biomechanical factors which may yet prove to be of importance. This paper outlines the pertinent anatomy, and discusses current concepts in the aetiology and pathogenesis of the disease. It describes the treatment regimens which are based on biomechanical considerations and compares the results of some currently employed techniques. All aspects of navicular disease remain controversial. This paper is not intended to rev...
Validation of an acrosomal stain for equine sperm that differentiates between living and dead sperm. An acrosomal staining technique that can differentiate between living and dead sperm was developed for equine sperm. The fluoresceinated lectin Pisum sativum agglutinin (FITC-PSA) was used to identify the presence or absence of acrosomal contents, while the supravital nuclear dye Hoechst 33258 (H258) was used to assess viability. The accuracy of the FITC-PSA acrosomal stain was tested by comparing the percentage of sperm that had lost their acrosomal contents, detected by the staining method, with that detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Following capacitation in vitro, the acr...
Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder in a filly. No abstract available
Evaluation of urea and albumen as endogenous markers of dilution of equine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The urea and albumen dilution techniques for standardising the variable concentrations of pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were evaluated in horses. Both techniques proved satisfactory and were of equal accuracy. Albumen adjusted BALF cell counts were significantly higher than PELF cell counts. BALF from normal horses contained, on average, 0.4 per cent PELF (range 0.1 to 1.0 per cent), as determined by the urea dilution technique.
In vivo investigation of communication between the distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints in horses and ponies. The frequency of communication between the tarsometatarsal and distal intertarsal joints was investigated in 27 horses and 12 ponies. After the injection of diluted latex into the tarsometatarsal joints using the plantarolateral approach, the horses and ponies were walked for 200 meters. Latex was found in the distal intertarsal joints of 19 of 73 tarsi (26% communication) at necropsy. In 3 tarsi, latex was also found in the proximal intertarsal and tarsocrural joints.
Coccidioides immitis mastitis in a mare. No abstract available
