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Topic:Veterinary Science

Veterinary science and horses encompass the study and application of medical, surgical, and therapeutic practices to maintain and improve the health and welfare of equines. This field addresses a wide range of topics, including disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, as well as nutrition, reproduction, and behavior. Research in veterinary science for horses often involves understanding the pathophysiology of equine-specific diseases, developing advanced diagnostic techniques, and improving treatment protocols. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of veterinary science related to horses, providing insights into the latest advancements and methodologies in equine healthcare.
Extensive intraocular melanoma with secondary glaucoma in a 15-month-old Thoroughbred filly.
Veterinary medicine and science    May 13, 2024   Volume 10, Issue 3 e1471 doi: 10.1002/vms3.1471
Pereira R, Gillespie S, Rapezzano G, Withers J, Duz M, Foote A.A 15-month-old, grey, Thoroughbred filly presented for investigation of a 6-week history of corneal oedema and blepharospasm on the right eye (OD). The filly was otherwise healthy. Following ophthalmic examination, glaucoma on the OD was diagnosed. A space occupying mass within the anterior chamber was documented on transpalpebral ultrasonographic examination. This mass obliterated most of the anterior intraocular structures on the peripheral nasal side (corneal endothelium and drainage angle), leading to secondary glaucoma. After systemic and topical treatment addressing secondary glaucoma, t...
Impacts of olfactory cues on equine feeding behavior.
Journal of equine veterinary science    May 13, 2024   Volume 138 105096 doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105096
Perry EB, Handlos GC, Fenton JM.Anise has demonstrated equine palatability but its olfactory effect is underexplored. The objective was to investigate the effect of the aroma of anise on consumptive behavior. Stock-type horses (n = 8) were used in a crossover 6-day preference test. Palatability stocks were utilized. Bowls containing oats were situated on plates holding gauze soaked with 0.375 ml of anise or corn oil (control). Variables included first diet sniffed (FS), first consumed (FC), first action (FA), and amount consumed (AC). Each trial was video-recorded. Behavior data were analyzed using chi square and Kruskal...
Numerical evaluation of internal femur osteosynthesis based on a biomechanical model of the loading in the proximal equine hindlimb.
BMC veterinary research    May 10, 2024   Volume 20, Issue 1 188 doi: 10.1186/s12917-024-04044-5
Lang JJ, Li X, Micheler CM, Wilhelm NJ, Seidl F, Schwaiger BJ, Barnewitz D, von Eisenhart-Rothe R, Grosse CU, Burgkart R.Femoral fractures are often considered lethal for adult horses because femur osteosynthesis is still a surgical challenge. For equine femur osteosynthesis, primary stability is essential, but the detailed physiological forces occurring in the hindlimb are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to create a numerical testing environment to evaluate equine femur osteosynthesis based on physiological conditions. The study was designed as a finite element analysis (FEA) of the femur using a musculoskeletal model of the loading situation in stance. Relevant forces were determined in the mu...
Immunology of Physical Exercise: Is Equus caballus an Appropriate Animal Model for Human Athletes?
International journal of molecular sciences    May 10, 2024   Volume 25, Issue 10 5210 doi: 10.3390/ijms25105210
Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O, Malin K, Dąbrowska I, Grzędzicka J, Ostaszewski P, Carter C.Domestic horses routinely participate in vigorous and various athletic activities. This enables the horse to serve as a model for studying athletic physiology and immunology in other species, including humans. For instance, as a model of physical efforts, such as endurance rides (long-distance running/aerobic exercise) and races (anaerobic exercise), the horse can be useful in evaluating post-exercise response. Currently, there has been significant interest in finding biomarkers, which characterize the advancement of training and adaptation to physical exercise in the horse. The parallels in c...
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and antinociceptive effects of buprenorphine following transdermal administration to horses.
Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia    May 10, 2024   S1467-2987(24)00078-3 doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2024.05.001
Nelson GR, Mama KR, Weiner D, McKemie DS, Kass PH, Steinmetz SJ, Knych HK.This study describes the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, including antinociceptive effects, of a transdermal buprenorphine solution in horses. It was hypothesized that transdermal application would lead to sustained blood concentrations and antinociceptive effects with fewer adverse effects compared with intravenous (IV) injection. Methods: Prospective nonrandomized four-part parallel experimental study. Methods: A group of eight horses (three mares and five geldings) aged 6-12 years. Methods: Horses were administered incremental doses of 15, 30 and 45 μg kg of buprenorphine transderma...
Monoclonal antibody development advances immunological research in horses.
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology    May 6, 2024   Volume 272 110771 doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110771
Wagner B.Host immune analyses require specific reagents to identify cellular and soluble components of the immune system. These immune reagents are often species-specific. For horses, various immunological tools have been developed and tested by different initiatives during the past decades. This article summarizes the development of well characterized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for equine immune cells, immunoglobulin isotypes, cytokines, and chemokines.
Is it pain, or is it behaviour?
The Veterinary record    May 3, 2024   Volume 194 Suppl 1 9 doi: 10.1002/vetr.4204
Pearson G.This year BVA Live will, for the first time, feature farm animal and equine CPD. Among the varied topics on offer, Gemma Pearson will be presenting an introduction to equine behavioural medicine, examining the link between emotional and physical health in horses.
Preliminary study of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess bone marrow adiposity in the third metacarpus or metatarsus in Thoroughbred racehorses.
Equine veterinary journal    May 3, 2024   doi: 10.1111/evj.14086
Hewitt-Dedman CL, Kershaw LE, Schwarz T, Del-Pozo J, Duncan J, Daniel CR, Cillán-García E, Pressanto MC, Taylor SE.Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been used to investigate metabolic changes within human bone. It may be possible to use MRS to investigate bone metabolism and fracture risk in the distal third metacarpal/tarsal bone (MC/MTIII) in racehorses. Objective: To determine the feasibility of using MRS as a quantitative imaging technique in equine bone by using the H spectra for the MC/MTIII to calculate fat content (FC). Methods: Observational cross-sectional study. Methods: Limbs from Thoroughbred racehorses were collected from horses that died or were subjected to euthanasia on racecourses...
[Individual hormonal profiles of blood progesterone and estradiol-17β during the course of a reproductive cycle in mares].
Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere    May 3, 2024   Volume 52, Issue 2 88-95 doi: 10.1055/a-2276-5226
Laufkötter S, Längerer L, Wehrend A.This study presents the individual course of estradiol-17ß and progesterone concentrations in blood during the reproductive cycle in mares in order to point out physiological differences between individual animals and to aid in the interpretation of hormone values. Methods: Concentrations of estradiol-17ß and progesterone were determined in seven mares over the course of their cycle. One mare was excluded from the study due to a physiologically deviating cycle. In addition, the mares' ovaries were examined via ultrasound on a daily basis in order to match the hormone values to morphological ...
[New drugs for horses and production animals in 2023].
Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere    May 3, 2024   Volume 52, Issue 2 96-100 doi: 10.1055/a-2291-7062
Emmerich IU.In 2023, no new active pharmaceutical ingredients were released on the German market for horses and food-producing animals. Two established veterinary active pharmaceutical ingredients became available for additional species: The phosphorus compound butafosfan was also approved for horses, dogs, and cats and the mineral sodium chloride as an isotonic sodium chloride solution was also approved for rabbits and guinea pigs. In addition, for small animals, there were new releases of an agent (pergolidmesilate) in a novel pharmaceutical formulation and a lower content of the active ingredient, one ...
COVID-19 effects on horses in-transition: A survey analysis of United States equine industry perspectives.
Journal of equine veterinary science    April 29, 2024   105077 doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105077
Esterl-Byrne LL, Huseman CJ, Haynes C, Kinman LA, Jones TN.The welfare of unwanted horses presents a significant concern for the equine industry. However, there is a lack of research on how unwanted horses are affected by major crises. The drastic changes that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic presented ample opportunity to investigate how unwanted horses are impacted by challenging circumstances. Study objectives were to evaluate the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on the unwanted horse population and determine the current perceptions of horses in-transition. A 23-question online survey designed using Qualtrics was administered electronically to adults ...
Cardiovascular Fitness and Stride Acceleration in Race-Pace Workouts for the Prediction of Performance in Thoroughbreds.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI    April 29, 2024   Volume 14, Issue 9 doi: 10.3390/ani14091342
Schrurs C, Dubois G, Van Erck-Westergren E, Gardner DS.In-training racehorse physiological data can be leveraged to further explore race-day performance prediction. To date, no large retrospective, observational study has analysed whether in-training speed and heart rate recovery can predict racehorse success. Speed (categorised as 'slow' to 'fast' according to the time taken to cover the last 600 m from a virtual finish line) and heart rate recovery (from gallop to 1 min after exercise) of flat racehorses (n = 485) of varying age, sex and type according to distance (e.g., sprinter, miler and stayer) were obtained using a fitness tracker from a si...
Involvement of somatotrophic hormones in the postpartum regulation of ovarian activity in mares.
Domestic animal endocrinology    April 26, 2024   Volume 88 106852 doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106852
Melchert M, Aurich J, Ertl R, Reichart U, Walter I, Gautier C, Kaps M, Aurich C.Mares resume ovarian activity rapidly after foaling. Besides follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), the pituitary synthesizes prolactin and growth hormone which stimulate insulin-like growth factor (IGF) synthesis in the liver. We tested the hypothesis that follicular growth is initiated already antepartum, mares with early and delayed ovulation differ in IGF-1 release and that there is an additional IGF-1 synthesis in the placenta. Plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, IGF-1, IGF-2, activin and prolactin. IGF-1, IGF-2, prolactin and their receptors in placental tissues w...
Arterial Blood Supply of the Stifle Joint in Horses.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI    April 24, 2024   Volume 14, Issue 9 1279 doi: 10.3390/ani14091279
Schöpper H, Egerbacher M.The vascularization pattern of the equine stifle joint is insufficiently described in the literature, even though there is a growing need for knowledge of the exact blood supply, as (i) arthroscopy and endoscopic surgery techniques are increasingly performed in horses and (ii) ex vivo models of menisci need nutrient supply that mimic the in vivo situation. The aim of this study was to describe the vessels involved in the stifle joint supply and the exact branching pattern of the popliteal artery. Colored latex was injected into the arteries of nine pelvic limbs of equine cadavers (n = 6) to ev...
The Easiest Becomes the Rule: Beliefs, Knowledge and Attitudes of Equine Practitioners and Enthusiasts Regarding Horse Welfare.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI    April 24, 2024   Volume 14, Issue 9 1282 doi: 10.3390/ani14091282
Maurício LS, Leme DP, Hötzel MJ.Inadequate management conditions can impair the welfare of captive-bred horses. Understanding individuals' viewpoints and the factors influencing their decisions about adopting or avoiding certain practices may provide insights into their motivations and decision-making processes. This is particularly relevant in the equestrian community, where equine practitioners and enthusiasts often engage in harmful practices. We explored the beliefs, knowledge, and attitudes of equine practitioners and enthusiasts about horse welfare and the barriers that prevent them from employing better management pra...
Practitioner Experiences of the Death of an Equine in an Equine-Assisted Services Program.
Omega    April 23, 2024   302228241249200 doi: 10.1177/00302228241249200
Nieforth LO, Kaufman S.Given the nature of horse-human interactions in equine-assisted services (EAS), death of a horse may have significant impacts. In this study, an online survey was distributed to EAS practitioners. The goal of the study was to explore the experiences of practitioners and identify the socioemotional processes that occur upon the death of an equine within an EAS program. Open-ended responses ( = 84) were analyzed qualitatively using a grounded theory and constant-comparative approach. Responses are situated into two themes (1) Processing the death of an equine and (2) Practical implications. Expe...
Strategic palmar trimming before conventional shoeing shows potential for managing underrun heels in horses.
F1000Research    March 8, 2024   Volume 12 1504 doi: 10.12688/f1000research.134321.2
Poochipakorn C, Sanigavatee K, Wonghanchao T, Huangsaksri O, Chanda M.Underrun heels are among the most hoof imbalances, causing poor performance in hoses. Several corrective shoeing protocols have been performed, but the outcomes have yet to be consistent. In this study, we proposed an alternative trimming protocol for managing underrun heels: strategic palmar trimming before conventional shoeing. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the potential of strategic palmar trimming before conventional shoeing for managing hoof imbalance in horses with underrun heels. Unassigned: Eleven affected horses were divided into control (5 horses with 14 defective...
Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l\'Association medicale canadienne    September 19, 2023   Volume 195, Issue 36 E1231 doi: 10.1503/cmaj.230578
Bhat C, Rosenberg H, James D.No abstract available
CANTERing towards more sustainable helminth control.
The Veterinary record    September 8, 2023   Volume 193, Issue 5 doi: 10.1002/vetr.3435
Colgate V.Victoria Colgate of Equine Infectious Disease Surveillance introduces CANTER, a voluntary pan-industry initiative that is aiming to inspire behaviour change among horse owners and promote a more sustainable approach to controlling parasites in their animals.
Longitudinal effects of oral administration of antimicrobial drugs on fecal microbiota of horses.
Journal of veterinary internal medicine    September 8, 2023   Volume 37, Issue 6 2562-2572 doi: 10.1111/jvim.16853
Gomez D, Toribio R, Caddey B, Costa M, Vijan S, Dembek K.Antimicrobial drug-associated diarrhea (AAD) is the most common adverse effect in horses receiving antimicrobials. Little information on how oral administration of antimicrobials alters intestinal microbiota in horses is available. Objective: Investigate changes of the fecal microbiota in response to oral administration of antimicrobials. Methods: Twenty healthy horses. Methods: Prospective, longitudinal study. Horses were randomly assigned to 4 groups comprising 4 horses each: group 1 (metronidazole); group 2 (erythromycin); group 3 (doxycycline); group 4 (sulfadiazine/trimethoprim, SMZ-TMP);...
Molecular and Serological Survey of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Horses from the Republic of Korea.
Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)    September 8, 2023   doi: 10.1089/vbz.2022.0101
Han SW, Cho YK, Rim JM, Kang JG, Choi KS, Chae JS. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging zoonotic tick-borne disease in East Asia caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV). It is to investigate the presence of SFTSV RNA and antibodies in horses from a slaughterhouse and equestrian centers in the Republic of Korea (ROK). A prevalence study of SFTSV-specific RNA and antibodies was designed from 889 horses in the ROK. Serum samples were collected from horses at a slaughterhouse and equestrian centers from 2018 to 2020. To detect the presence of SFTSV, RNA was extracted from the serum samples, and a nested reverse transcriptio...
Survey of horse transportation in Switzerland: practices and issues.
Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde    August 30, 2023   Volume 165, Issue 9 573-584 doi: 10.17236/sat00402
Benedetti B, Felici M, Thiébaud G, Freccero F, Padalino B.This study aimed to describe equine transportation practices and transport-related behavioural and health problems in Switzerland and to identify possible associations between them. An online survey was disseminated to Swiss equine industry members and questioned respondents' details, transport practices (before, during, and after journeys), horse transport-related behavioural (TRPBs) and health problems (TRHPs) experienced in the previous 2 years. The survey generated 441 valid responses, analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models (outcomes: TRPBs, TRHPs, injuries, d...
Horse serum potentiates cellular viability and improves indomethacin-induced adipogenesis in equine subcutaneous adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs).
International journal of veterinary science and medicine    August 29, 2023   Volume 11, Issue 1 94-105 doi: 10.1080/23144599.2023.2248805
Petrova V, Yonkova P, Simeonova G, Vachkova E.Subcutaneous fat tissue is an accessible and abundant source of multipotent stem cells for cell therapy in regenerative medicine. Successful trilineage differentiation is required to define the stemness features of the obtained mesenchymal cells, and adipogenesis is a part of it. Since indomethacin is bound to serum albumin, replacing foetal bovine serum (FBS) with horse serum (HS) in adipogenic induction protocols would suppress its cytotoxic effect and reveal a better adipogenic potential in equine MSCs. The equine subcutaneous adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were separately induced in adi...
Partial Genome Characterization of Novel Parapoxvirus in Horse, Finland.
Emerging infectious diseases    August 23, 2023   Volume 29, Issue 9 1941-1944 doi: 10.3201/eid2909.230049
Virtanen J, Hautaniemi M, Dutra L, Plyusnin I, Hautala K, Smura T, Vapalahti O, Sironen T, Kant R, Kinnunen PM.We report a sequencing protocol and 121-kb poxvirus sequence from a clinical sample from a horse in Finland with dermatitis. Based on phylogenetic analyses, the virus is a novel parapoxvirus associated with a recent epidemic; previous data suggest zoonotic potential. Increased awareness of this virus and specific diagnostic protocols are needed.
Interleukin 5-dependent inflammatory eosinophil subtype involved in allergic insect bite hypersensitivity of horses.
Allergy    August 22, 2023   doi: 10.1111/all.15859
Pantelyushin S, Rhiner T, Jebbawi F, Sella F, Waldern N, Lam J, Chemnitzer A, Fricker A, Schoster A, Birkmann K, Widmer D, Canonica F....No abstract available
CKM intron: an appropriate marker for the determination of the genetic relationships among horse populations and breeds.
Animal biotechnology    August 18, 2023   1-9 doi: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2247445
Chen J, Wang H, Li J, Liu S, Li B, Sun Y, Wang H, Manglai D.To date, the origins, domestication, and genetic structure of Chinese Mongolian horses (CMH) are poorly understood. Furthermore, there have been sparse reports on the genetic differences between CMH and Thoroughbred. In order to determine their genetic structure, understand their genetic relationships, and explore their domestication processes, we performed an extensive survey of creatine kinase (muscle isoenzyme; variations among six populations of indigenous CMH, cultivated Sanhe horses, and imported Thoroughbred. Twenty-three single-nucleotide polymorphisms were found among the 343 horse s...
Assessing the impact of draught load pulling on welfare in equids.
Frontiers in veterinary science    August 17, 2023   Volume 10 1214015 doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1214015
Bukhari SSUH, Parkes RSV.About 112 million working equids are the source of income for 600 million people globally. Many equids are used for pulling loads (up to 15,000 kg per day) to transport goods. Most of them are associated with brick kilns, mining, and agriculture industries in developing countries. They may suffer from welfare issues such as overloading, being beaten, and being forced to work for long periods. These issues may occur due to a poor understanding of load-pulling equids. Understanding their capabilities and the elements that influence them is critical for efficient performance and welfare. The me...
Transcriptomic signature related to poor welfare of sport horses.
Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology    August 17, 2023   Volume 16 100201 doi: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2023.100201
Foury A, Mach N, Ruet A, Lansade L, Moisan MP.The improvement of horse welfare through housing conditions has become a real issue in recent years and have highlighted the detrimental effect of individual housing of horses on their health and behaviour. In this new study, we analysed the blood transcriptome of 45 sport horses housed individually that were previously examined for their behaviour and gut microbiota. We performed differential and regression analyses of gene expression, followed by downstream bioinformatic analyses, to unveil the molecular pathways related to the behavioural changes associated with welfare impairment in these ...
Genetic characterisation of the Connemara pony and the Warmblood horse using a within-breed clustering approach.
Genetics, selection, evolution : GSE    August 17, 2023   Volume 55, Issue 1 60 doi: 10.1186/s12711-023-00827-w
Lindsay-McGee V, Sanchez-Molano E, Banos G, Clark EL, Piercy RJ, Psifidi A.The Connemara pony (CP) is an Irish breed that has experienced varied selection by breeders over the last fifty years, with objectives ranging from the traditional hardy pony to an agile athlete. We compared these ponies with well-studied Warmblood (WB) horses, which are also selectively bred for athletic performance but with a much larger census population. Using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and whole-genome sequencing data from 116 WB (94 UK WB and 22 European WB) and 36 CP (33 UK CP and 3 US CP), we studied the genomic diversity, inbreeding and population structure of th...
The Triple-E Model: Advancing Equestrian Research with Perspectives from One Health.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI    August 16, 2023   Volume 13, Issue 16 2642 doi: 10.3390/ani13162642
Keener MM, Tumlin KI.Equestrian sport has various welfare issues and educational needs. To address these complex interactions, we propose an integrated approach called the Triple-E Model, which focuses on the equine, equestrian, and environmental triad. A literature review of existing models suggests that complexities of these interactions are overlooked, despite the significant impact of equine industries on economics, healthcare, and animal welfare. This paper discusses current models and theories used to evaluate equine-equestrian-environmental interactions and introduces the Triple-E Model to foster multidisci...
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