Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Prerace venous blood acid-base values in standardbred horses. The administration of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or 'milk shakes' to Standardbred horses before racing is widespread. This study analysed nonrace day (CTL) and prerace venous acid-base values from Standardbred horses racing in Pennsylvania (PA) and New Jersey (NJ). Mean +/- s.d. CTL bicarbonate (HCO3) and base excess (BE) values, for a group of horses stabled during the 1993 racing season at Pocono Downs, Pennsylvania, were 28.6 +/- 1.9 and 2.6 +/- 1.7 mmol/l, respectively. In the same population of horses, mean +/- s.d. values for prerace HCO3- and BE values were 33.1 +/- 2.8 and 7.0 +/- 2.3...
Outbreak of dermatophilosis in a horse herd in israel. A retrospective study of an outbreak of dermatophilosis in a herd of 18 adult horses and 13 foals, in Israel, is presented. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time such an outbreak has been reported from a country in the Mediterranean climatic zone. This outbreak might be associated with exposure of the horses to water and humidity as a result of excessive rainfall in November 1994, as well as intensive washing of the horses and a long period spent by the animals in a marshy manege.
Pulmonary vascular pressures of strenuously exercising thoroughbreds after administration of phenylbutazone. To determine the effects of phenylbutazone administration on heart rate and right atrial and pulmonary vascular pressures in Thoroughbreds during rest and during exercise performed at maximal heart rate. Methods: 7 healthy, exercise-conditioned Thoroughbreds. Methods: Horses were studied on 3 occasions: without medication [control], after i.v. administration of phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg of body weight) at 12-hour intervals for 2 days and a final dose given 1 hour before exercise, and after i.v. administration of phenylbutazone for 2 days in the same manner, but with the final dose given 24 hou...
Improved isolation of Clostridium perfringens from foal faeces. There have been several case reports of foal diarrhoea associated with Clostridium perfringens. However, there has been no epidemiological assessment of the strength of the association of these bacteria with foal diarrhoea or of their relative importance. To prepare methods for such a study, the success of different cultural techniques for the isolation of C perfringens was examined with respect to the various physiological states of the bacteria. The germination and growth of C perfringens NCTC 8239 endospores of differing maturity were favoured by different pre-treatments which failed to rec...
Effect of progesterone on prostaglandin F2 alpha secretion and outcome of pregnancy during cloprostenol-induced abortion in mares. To determine the role of progesterone in the regulation of endogenous prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) secretion during cloprostenol-induced abortion and to investigate use of progestins to prevent prostaglandin-associated abortion. Methods: 16 pregnant mares. Methods: To induce abortion, cloprostenol (250 micrograms/d) was administered daily until fetal expulsion or for up to 5 days. In experiment 1, 8 mares, 98 to 153 days' pregnant, received progesterone (300 mg/d) at 24-hour intervals for 5 days, starting 18 hours after the first cloprostenol administration. In experiment 2, 8 mares, 93...
Magnetic motor evoked potentials in ponies. Magnetic stimulation of motor pathways was used to effect motor unit action potential recordings from forelimb and hindlimb muscles in unanesthetized ponies. Motor pathway conduction velocities to the forelimb and hindlimb were determined to be 53.8 +/- 9.6 m/s-1 and 63.4 +/- 8.3 m/s-1, respectively. This noninvasive technique will enable more precise evaluation of motor deficits in clinical patients than is possible with the neurological examination.
Effects of pentoxifylline on hemorheologic alterations induced by incremental treadmill exercise in thoroughbreds. To determine whether pentoxifylline treatment altered hematologic, rheologic, electrolyte, or blood gas test results of Thoroughbreds during submaximal treadmill exercise. Methods: 5 healthy Thoroughbreds that had raced within the past year and had no history of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. Methods: Mixed venous blood samples were obtained before exercise, at treadmill speeds of 9 and 13 m/s, and 20 minutes after exercise; hematologic, rheologic, electrolyte, and blood gas test results were determined. Results: Pentoxifylline treatment resulted in a 45% reduction in RBC filtration pr...
Effects of platelet activating factor on the distribution of radiolabelled leucocytes and platelets in normal horses and asymptomatic horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Antigen challenge is known to cause the recruitment of neutrophils to the lungs of horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To evaluate a possible role of platelet activating factor (PAF) in this process, the effects of PAF on the distribution of radiolabelled neutrophils were compared in normal horses and asymptomatic horses with COPD. Changes in lung function, heart rate and the distribution of platelets and eosinophils were also measured. PAF (5 ng kg-1 intravenously) caused immediate but transient increases in the number of radiolabelled neutrophils in the lungs and a conc...
Accuracy of Accusport for measurement of lactate concentrations in equine blood and plasma. The aim of this study was to investigate correlations between lactate concentrations in equine whole blood and plasma measured with Accusport1 and Yellow Springs Instruments (YSI2) (2300) methods. The effect of packed cell volume (PCV) on the accuracy of Accusport was also investigated. Blood samples were collected from Thoroughbred horses at 5-10 min intervals after a treadmill exercise test. Blood was added to NaEDTA (for PCV measurement) and to 2 tubes containing lithium heparin anticoagulant (for lactate assays). At concentrations greater than 10 mmol/l, Accusport1 greatly underestimated t...
A 16S rRNA-based PCR assay for detection and identification of granulocytic Ehrlichia species in dogs, horses, and cattle. A PCR-based assay was developed for detecting DNA of granulocytic ehrlichiae in blood samples from dogs, horses, and cattle, Primers were designed from 16S rRNA sequence information to specifically amplify DNA from a newly identified Swedish Ehrlichia species. The 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence of this Swedish species differs in only two and three positions from the sequences of Ehrlichia phagocytophila and Ehrlichia equi, respectively, which were also amplified by this PCR system. For evaluation, PCR results were compared with microscopic examination of stained blood smears for the detection of...
Use of a virulence-associated protein based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Rhodococcus equi serology in horses. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed against Rhodococcus equi using Triton X-114 detergent extracted whole cell material, in which the virulence associated protein (VapA) predominated. Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay titres corresponded to antibody reacting with VapA on Western blots. There was considerable variation in antibody titres of nonimmunised mares and in the time when the colostrally derived antibody of their foals had declined to low or undetectable titres. In general, antibodies in foals declined to their lowest levels at age 4-8 weeks. Seroconversion occurre...
Factors associated with gastric lesions in thoroughbred racehorses. Gastroscopic examinations were performed on 67 Thoroughbred horses in training at a race track and repeat examinations performed in 35 horses, 2 to 3 months later. Horses were age 2-9 years and included 16 two-year-olds, 32 three-year-olds and 19 horses > or = 4-years-old. Forty-two of the 67 horses had raced within the 2 months before the initial examination and the remaining 25 horses were in training. Sixty-two of the 67 horses (93%) had one or more lesions present in the gastric mucosa and lesions were present in all of the 42 horses that had raced. Thirty-two of the 35 horses, examined...
Cervical meningomyelocele associated with spina bifida in a hydrocephalic miniature colt. Cervical meningomyelocele, spina bifida, and hydrocephalus were diagnosed in a newborn miniature colt that was unable to stand and had a cystic mass in the caudal portion of the dorsal cervical region. Results of physical examination and ultrasonographic imaging of the brain supported the diagnosis of hydrocephalus. Results of radiographic evaluation of the vertebral column were consistent with spina bifida at C5-C6. Fluid aspirated from the cervical mass resembled CSF. Radiography of the cervical region after injection of iohexol into the mass revealed herniation of the spinal cord through a ...
In vitro fatigue behavior of the equine third metacarpus: remodeling and microcrack damage analysis. We studied remodeling and microcrack damage in specimens of Thoroughbred racehorse third metacarpal bone that had been subjected to monotonic or fatigue failure. We asked three questions. What effects does mechanical loading have on histologically observable microcrack damage? Are there regional variations in remodeling of the equine cannon bone, and do these variations correlate with mechanical properties? To what extent are remodeling and microcrack damage age-dependent? Machined beams from the medial, lateral, and dorsal cortices were loaded to fracture in four-point bending monotonically, ...
In vitro determination of equine third metacarpal bone unloading, using a full limb cast and a walking cast. To improve fracture treatment, in vitro experiments were performed to study the influence of a full limb cast and a walking cast on the loading regimen of bones in the distal portion of the equine forelimb. Methods: 6 forelimbs of 6 Shetland ponies. Methods: Loading of the third metacarpal bone was considered a representative measure for distal limb loading. Electrical resistance rosette strain gauges were attached to the dorsal, palmar, medial, and lateral surfaces of the midshaft of this bone in 6 forelimbs of 6 Shetland ponies. The limbs were tested in a pneumatic loading device to a maxima...
Comparison of antinociceptive, cardiovascular, and respiratory effects, head ptosis, and position of pelvic limbs in mares after caudal epidural administration of xylazine and detomidine hydrochloride solution. To examine and compare effects of 2 alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonists, xylazine and detomidine, administered into the sacrococcygeal epidural space to induce safe and effective perineal analgesia on cardiovascular and respiratory functions, head ptosis, and position of pelvic limbs in healthy mares. Methods: 8 healthy mares. Methods: Blood samples were drawn and systemic hemodynamics were determined, including cardiac output and pulmonary arterial, systemic arterial, and right atrial pressures. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to detect significant (P < 0.05) differences bet...
Calcium buffering is required to maintain bone stiffness in saline solution. This work determined whether mineral dissolution due to prolonged testing or storage of bone specimens in normal saline would alter their elastic modulus. In one experiment, small pieces of equine third metacarpal bone were soaked in normal saline supplemented with varying amounts of CaCl2. Changing Ca ion concentrations in the bath were monitored and the equilibrium concentration was determined. In a second experiment, the elastic moduli of twenty 4 x 10 x 100 mm equine third metacarpal beams were determined non-destructively in four-point bending. Half the beams were then soaked for 10 days ...
Transmission of the South African asinine strain of equine arteritis virus (EAV) among horses and between donkeys and horses. Lateral and sexual transmission of EAV among horses and lateral transmission between donkeys and horses were attempted by experimental infection with the South African asinine strain. Clinical, immunological and virological responses were evaluated. All intramuscularly inoculated horses developed very mild clinical signs, were viraemic, shed virus from nasopharynx, and seroconverted. Lateral infection was demonstrated in one in-contact mare. Reinfection of two stallions by intranasal instillation was shown by virus recovery from buffy-coat cultures. After nasal instillation of virus, one stall...
Oblique views of the ilium and the scintigraphic appearance of stress fractures of the ilium. The research article discusses a study on the use of oblique dorsal views in detecting stress fractures in horses who participate in races. The aim of the researchers was to [...]
Suppression of testicular function using two dose rates of a reversible water soluble gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccine in colts. To investigate the effect of two dose rates (200 and 400 ng) of a gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccine on testicular function. Methods: A vaccination dose rate experiment. Methods: Two injections were administered 4 weeks apart to six colts in each treatment group. To maintain immunosuppression until the end of the breeding season, a third injection was given if antibody titres fell below 1000. Results: Effective antibody titres were present for 12 to 27 weeks. Testosterone concentrations decreased from 2.22 to 0.31 nmol/L 6 weeks after primary vaccination. Androstenedione concentrat...
Further characterization of IgE-binding antigens in horse dander, with particular emphasis on glycoprotein allergens. IgE-binding components in an extract of horse dander were analyzed, especially with regard to the glycoprotein allergens. After SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and blotting, several of the glycoprotein IgE-binding components, including two distinct bands of 27 and 31 kDa, were detected. Together with several other bands, they were shown to bind to the lectins Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and Datura stramonium agglutinin (DSA), indicating terminal sialic acid linked alpha 2 --> 6 to galactose, and galactose linked beta 1 --> 4 to N-acetylglucosamine, respectively. Carbohydrate analy...
Popular Topics
- Equine Health (61343)
- Veterinary Medicine (51654)
- Horses (47187)
- Veterinary Research (32920)
- Clinical Study (26724)
- Equine Diseases (26673)
- Veterinary Care (25600)
- Disease Diagnosis (24299)
- Diagnosis (23886)
- Animal Health (19694)
- Physiology (18290)
- Disease Treatment (17473)
- Equine Science (17319)
- Disease (14661)
- Animal Science (14483)
- Clinical Pathology (14274)
- Infection (12770)
- Comparative Study (12382)
- Diagnostic Technique (11580)
- Infectious Disease (11250)
- Epidemiology (11011)
- Disease Etiology (10336)
- Genetics (10084)
- Veterinary Science (9763)
- Animal Studies (9562)
- Veterinary Procedure (8762)
- Clinical Symptoms (8616)
- Case Reports (8308)
- Reproduction (8237)
- Biochemistry (7837)
- Clinical Findings (7420)
- Laboratory Methods (7416)
- In Vivo (7113)
- Disease Management (6517)
- Anatomy (6285)
- Surgery (6262)
- Public Health (6008)
- In Vitro Research (6003)
- Immunology (5991)
- Mares (5936)
- Musculoskeletal System (5346)
- Molecular biology (5323)
- Pharmacology (5216)
- Inflammation (5170)
- Foals (4744)
- Veterinary Practice (4711)
- Virus (4418)
- Blood (4360)
- Equine Studies (4268)
- Thoroughbreds (4259)
