Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Studies on isoxsuprine hydrochloride for the treatment of navicular disease. A peripheral vasodilating agent, isoxsuprine hydrochloride, administered as an oral paste, was evaluated to determine its efficacy for the treatment of navicular disease. In a clinical trial, 13 horses with navicular disease were treated at a dose rate of 0.6 mg/kg body weight (bwt) twice daily for periods of six to 14 weeks. Twelve of the horses became completely sound while being treated, although two required a 50 per cent increase in dose. Nine of the horses have remained sound two to 10 months after ceasing therapy. In a controlled randomised double blind clinical trial, 16 horses with na...
Influenza hemagglutination inhibiting activity in respiratory mucus from horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders (heaves syndrome). Samples of mucus from the lower trachea were collected from 53 horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and from 24 clinically normal horses. Serum samples were collected from 35 of the horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and from the 24 normal horses. Samples were tested for inhibition of hemagglutination by influenza A equine 1 and 2 viruses. There were high levels of hemagglutination inhibiting activity against influenza A equine 1 in mucus samples from horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
A review of twinning in horses and the possible therapeutic value of supplemental progesterone to prevent abortion of equine twin fetuses the latter half of the gestation period. Equine twinning, related abortion and progestogen plasma concentrations during the gestation period were reviewed. The supplemental administration of exogenous progesterone apparently prevented impending twin abortions in three mares after midgestation. A single viable twin and a mummified fetus were delivered at term by the mares.
Studies on a new paste preparation of phenylbutazone. The absorption characteristics of a new paste preparation of phenylbutazone were studied in ponies and thoroughbreds. The results suggested that at a similar dose rate of 5 mg/kg greater bioavailability results from the paste than from a powder preparation. Delivery of an accurate dosage of the paste was not possible using the multidose applicator. Repeated administration of the paste preparation (5 mg/kg twice daily) indicated that it is more toxic to both ponies and thoroughbreds than a powder preparation. In addition to the toxic manifestations previously reported, a neutropenia developed d...
Biochemical and haematological effects of a revised dosage schedule of phenylbutazone in horses. Five pairs of matched horses were used to study the biochemical and haematological effects of a revised dosage schedule of phenylbutazone. One group of five horses received a phenylbutazone paste formulation daily for 12 days and a second group of five animals received a placebo preparation for a similar time. Some statistically significant differences were recorded from pretreatment levels in both groups of horses. These changes represented instability in baseline levels and could not be ascribed to phenylbutazone administration.
Ecology and catastrophic mortality in wild horses: implications for interpreting fossil assemblages. The identities, sexes, and reproductive status of groups of wild horses (Equus caballus) living in the Great Basin Desert of North America were known prior to their deaths on ridgelines. Another group of very young horses died on a quagmire. Snow accumulation or drought was apparently responsible for the mass deaths. These data have implications for reconstructing some aspects of the social structure of fossil mammals on the basis of skewed sex or age ratios in bone assemblages.
Mycoplasma felis as a cause of pleuritis in horses. Mycoplasma felis was the only organism recovered from the thoracic cavity of a horse with pleuritis. Large numbers of mildly degenerative neutrophils were in the pleural fluid. The horse developed a serologic response to M felis and recovered during hospitalization. Experimentally, a pony was inoculated in the thoracic cavity with a pure culture of the M felis isolate suspended in the pony's serum. A control pony was inoculated with serum only. Within 48 hours, the principal pony developed fever, increased respiratory rate, pleural effusion, and signs of pain. A highly cellular exudate with no...
Acute vitamin D3 toxicosis in horses: case reports and experimental studies of the comparative toxicity of vitamins D2 and D3. Acute vitamin D toxicosis was diagnosed in 2 horses fed a grain ration containing 1,102,311 IU of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)/kg (500,000 IU/lb) for about 30 days. Horse 1 died acutely with extensive mineralization of cardiovascular and other soft tissues. Horse 2, which had severe clinical signs and clinicopathologic changes of toxicosis, was treated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and recovered in about 6 months. In an experimental study, the toxicity of ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol was compared in 2 horses (No. 3 and 4) given the respective vitamins at a daily d...
Secondary closure of infected abdominal incisions in cattle and horses. Infected abdominal incisions in 7 cattle and 3 horses were resutured with monofilamentous stainless steel retention sutures. After debridement of devitalized and infected tissue, wound edges were apposed with simple interrupted vertical (5 cattle, 3 horses) or horizontal (2 cattle) mattress sutures, placed through all layers of the body wall. Sutures were placed 2 to 3 cm apart over rubber tubing, 3 to 5 cm from wound edges. In 5 of the 10 operations, skin and subcutaneous tissue were left unsutured. The repaired wounds were supported with an encircling elastic roll bandage and sterile compres...
[Prevention of Strongylidae infections in the horse]. Proceeding on the epidemiology of Strongylidae infection in horses, the effects of combined anthelmintic treatment and moving to non-contaminated pasture in July were studied during 1981 and 1982. This strategy for control was found to be effective as was shown by faecal examination, pasture larval counts and post-mortem worm counts. No significant contamination or worm infection developed in the group of treated ponies moved to celan pasture after July 1. On the permanently grazed pasture the same pattern of infection developed as on the pasture where up to July 1 ponies and subsequently shee...
Gastroesophageal ulceration and candidiasis in foals. Gastroesophageal candidiasis in association with ulceration was diagnosed in 5 foals in which signs of colic had been nonresponsive to medical treatment. The ulceration was found in the stomach of all foals and in the esophagus of 1 foal. Candida colonized hyperkeratotic mucosa surrounding the ulcers, and the associated inflammation resulted in splitting of the mucosal epithelium. Loss of the superficial mucosa may have allowed invasion by bacteria, leading to ulceration.
Heritability and repeatability of speed for 2- and 3-year-old standardbred racehorses. Repeatabilities (t) and heritabilities (h2) of racing time were estimated from data on 7,206 2- and 3-yr-old Standardbred pacers and trotters competing in 1-mile (1.6 km) charted races at six tracks between 1975 and 1978. A total of 38,487 records representing 2,387 sire progeny groups were divided into subsets by gait, age and track. Initially, the designation "class of race" was recognized as a subjective categorization that reflected nonrandom assignments of horses to races. After extensive investigation, we concluded that racing times should be adjusted by linear regression for the time of...
Study of equine histoplasmosis farciminosi and characterization of Histoplasma farciminosum. A detailed clinical and mycological study of horse infections with Histoplasma farciminosum was conducted for the first time in the Middle East. The disease seems to prevail in endemic form in the region. In all of the cases studied the infection involved only the cutaneous lymphatics and skin tissue with extension to the regional draining lymph glands. The disease seems to impose serious economic impact in the infected areas. Full description and thorough characterization of both the mycelial form and the yeast phase of the causative fungus were made.
Pharmacokinetics of phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin) in horses. The pharmacokinetics of the anti-convulsant phenytoin were investigated in clinically healthy horses after oral (p.o.) and intravenous (i.v.) administration. A single dose of phenytoin (8.8 mg/kg body weight) was given i.v. as a bolus to nine horses and one horse received 13.2 mg/kg. A two-compartment open model was used to describe the disposition of phenytoin. Four of the horses that received an i.v. dose (three at 8.8 mg/kg and one at 13.2 mg/kg) were then given the same dose 3 days later by the oral route. Phenytoin achieved a peak concentration in serum within 1-4 h after p.o. administrat...
Automatic noninvasive sphygmomanometry in horses. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures and heart rate were determined in 73 horses, using an indirect automatic oscillometric technique. Blood pressure and heart rate data obtained by sphygmomanometry were compared with similar data obtained from cannulation of the horses' facial or dorsal metatarsal arteries. Good correlation between direct (actual) and indirect (oscillometric) blood pressures and heart rate measurements were obtained when the heart rate was low, using high sensitivity setting. Cardiac arrhythmias or hypotension prevented oscillometric measurements from being ...
Complications associated with immunotherapy of equine phycomycosis. Five horses with pythiosis of the limbs were treated unsuccessfully by surgery or topical application of amphotericin B, or both. Follow-up immunotherapy resulted in 1 horse responding favorably. Three horses were cured of the fungal infection but developed osteitis or deep-seated laminitis, which necessitated their destruction. The remaining horse, which had severe anemia, died before the course of vaccination was completed.
The pathogenicity in mice of respiratory, abortion and paresis isolates of equine herpesvirus-1. Eleven isolates of equine herpesvirus-1 (subtype 1) all infected the brain following intracerebral inoculation of 2 d.o. mice. Most isolates were from cases of paresis, abortion or respiratory disease in the U.K., but established strains were also included. They divided into two subgroups. The 5 less pathogenic isolates were characterized by being restricted predominantly to the olfactory lobes. The 6 pathogenic isolates included the three known to cause equine paresis and were detected in neurones throughout the brain as well as giving rise to viraemia and infecting bronchial and renal epithe...
Surface receptors for IgG and complement on equine alveolar macrophages. Isolated equine alveolar macrophages obtained by bronchopulmonary lavage of four live ponies demonstrated surface receptors for equine IgG, equine IgM, and complement-coated sheep red blood cells, but not equine IgM or complement-coated erythrocytes alone. In addition, demonstration of IgG receptors was found to depend on the level of erythrocyte sensitization and could not be demonstrated by red blood cell rosetting techniques at low levels of sensitization. Demonstration of receptors for equine complement by red cell rosetting techniques required the presence of both IgM antibody and serum d...
Effect of ambient temperature upon the surface temperature of the equine limb. Ten clinically healthy adult horses were examined with the portable infrared thermometer at ambient temperatures of 5, 15, and 25 C to evaluate the thermal response of limbs of the horse to variations of ambient temperature. Limb surface temperature varied in direct proportion to changes in the ambient temperature, with considerable variation occurring among individual horses, especially at the lower temperatures. Areas of proximal parts of the limbs were more resistant to temperature variation than were distal parts. Ambient temperature had a statistically significant, but clinically unimport...
Studies with inactivated equine influenza vaccine. 2. Protection against experimental infection with influenza virus A/equine/Newmarket/79 (H3N8). Forty ponies immunized with inactivated virus vaccine containing A/equine/Miami/63 (H3N8) virus and six unvaccinated, seronegative ponies were experimentally challenged with a representative of recent equine H3N8 virus isolates, A/equine/Newmarket/79. All unvaccinated ponies became infected as judged by virus excretion, febrile responses and antibody responses, but only two of the vaccinated ponies were fully protected. Pre-challenge antibody levels to A/Newmarket/79 virus detected by single radial haemolysis (SRH) correlated well with the degree of clinical protection but the levels required ...
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