Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Animal Health
Animal Health encompasses a broad range of topics focused on maintaining and improving the well-being of equine species. This field addresses various aspects of horse care, including disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of health conditions. Key areas of interest include equine nutrition, vaccination protocols, parasite control, dental care, and the management of chronic conditions such as laminitis and colic. Additionally, animal health research in horses investigates the impact of exercise and training on physical health, the role of genetics in disease susceptibility, and the development of new therapeutic approaches. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the latest advancements, challenges, and best practices in preserving and enhancing the health of horses.
[Pharmacological effects of hordenine]. Hordenine is an ingredient of some plants which are used as feed for animals, i.e. in sprouting barley. After ingestion of such feed hordenine may be detected in blood or urine of horses which in case of racing horses may be the facts of using prohibited compounds. Results of some experiments in pharmacological models show that hordenine is an indirectly acting adrenergic drug. It liberates norepinephrine from stores. In isolated organs and those structures with reduced epinephrine contents the hordenine-effect is only very poor. Experiments in intact animals (rats, dogs) show that hordenine h...
Outbreak of equine influenza among horses in Hong Kong during 1992. Equine-2 influenza virus A (H3N8) infection occurred among vaccinated thoroughbred horses in Hong Kong during November and December 1992. The outbreak was unique in that it occurred among a large population stabled under intensive conditions. It resulted in the postponement of seven race meetings over a period of 32 days. The outbreak originated after the importation of horses 25 to 32 days before any clinical signs were reported. Vaccination did not prevent 75 per cent of the population from becoming infected, and half the infected horses developed clinical signs. Vaccination did, however, co...
Slowing the spread of anthelmintic resistant nematodes of horses in the United Kingdom. The growing importance of anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomes (small strongyles) of horses poses a threat to the health and welfare of all types of horses. On the basis of published information on cyathostomes of horses, six recommendations are made for reducing the development and spread of anthelmintic resistant nematodes. The need for restraint in the use of anthelmintics, the application of epidemiological principles of worm control and a greater emphasis on pasture management are the principal recommendations.
Prevalence of Onchocerca species and Thelazia lacrimalis in horses examined post mortem in Normandy. The umbilical skin and ligamentum nuchae of 368 horses were examined post mortem for Onchocerca species. Only four of the horses were infected and pathological changes were observed on the skin of two of them. Thelazia lacrimalis was recovered from 38 (10.3 per cent) of the horses, and animals aged six months to two years were more frequently infected. No ocular lesions were observed. The prevalences of these two nematodes were low when compared with the infection rates reported in the United Kingdom and North America.
Serum protein concentrations in horses with severe liver disease: a retrospective study and review of the literature. The present retrospective study was undertaken to determine the frequency of hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia in horses with natural occurring severe liver disease. The study represents a review of case records and laboratory data of 84 horses presented with acute or chronic liver disease to the University of California Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital between 1973 and 1991. Forty horses (48%) had serum protein concentrations above the maximum reference value (7.7 g/dL). The increase in serum protein concentration was associated with hyperglobulinemia (P = .00005, R2 = .80). Only 13% (1...
Effect of phenytoin on skeletal muscle from quarter horses with hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis. The contractile activity, the threshold for calcium-induced calcium release in fractions of sarcoplasmic reticulum and the potassium concentration were determined in preparations of semimembranosus muscle from normal quarter horses and quarter horses with hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis before and after they were treated with phenytoin. Before the treatment there was no difference in caffeine contracture or electrically elicited twitch response between the two groups. For one week after the treatment, the time to peak tension of caffeine contractures was significantly (P < 0.005) reduced i...
[Tyzzer’s disease in a pony foal from Schleswig-Holstein]. It is reported on a case of tyzzer's disease (infection with Bacillus piliformis) in a pony foal in Schleswig-Holstein. The clinical and pathologic-anatomical findings are described and discussed.
Sodium channel inactivation is impaired in equine hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. 1. Equine hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (E-HPP) is a dominantly inherited disorder of muscle that causes recurrent episodes of stiffness (myotonia) and weakness in association with elevated serum K+. Affected horses carry a mutant allele of the skeletal muscle isoform of the Na channel alpha-subunit. To understand how this mutation may cause the disease phenotype, the functional defect in Na channel behavior was defined physiologically by recording unitary currents from cell-attached patches on normal and affected equine myotubes. 2. The presence of the mutation was confirmed in our cell lin...
Response to demineralized bone matrix implantation in foals and adult horses. Equine demineralized bone matrix, particle size 2 to 4 mm, was implanted SC and IM in 4 foals and 4 adult horses. The implants were removed between 5 and 8 weeks after implantation. Bone formation was induced by SC and IM implantations in all animals. The implantation site had a marked effect on the amount of bone that developed, bone being formed earlier and in greater amounts when the matrix was implanted IM. The amount of bone formed increased with increasing time after matrix implantation at both sites. Demineralized bone matrix implantation also led to formation of small amounts of chondr...
Mechanical evaluation of transosseous wire rope configurations in a large animal external fixator. By use of wire ropes as the transosseous component, an external skeletal fixator for the repair of long bone fractures in horses and cattle has been designed and tested in axial compression. Theoretical methods were used in the design process to size fixator components; however, our results suggest that conventional methods of analyzing the displacement of the transosseous component may not apply to wire ropes. Large pretensions in the wire ropes are necessary to obtain functional stiffnesses for fracture fixation. Therefore, a method was sought for terminating the ropes so that an appropriate...
Hoof horn abnormalities in Lipizzaner horses and the effect of dietary biotin on macroscopic aspects of hoof horn quality. This study involved a macroscopic evaluation of hoof quality in 152 Lipizzaner horses (130 from Austria and 22 from other countries) and a controlled double blind trial of the effects of biotin on hoof horn growth and quality over 19 months in 42 stallions from the Spanish Riding School (SRS) in Vienna. Using a grading system that incorporated evaluation of horn wall, white line, sole and frog, the macroscopic study revealed the following: 90% of the Austrian Lipizzaners had soft white lines and crumbling, fissured horn at the bearing border of the walls; 39% of the stallions of the SRS, > ...
Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide in standardbred and Finnhorse trotters during and after exercise. To study the exercise-induced changes in atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a hormone with cardiovascular and renal effects, an incremental submaximal exercise test on a high-speed treadmill was carried out with Standardbred and Finnhorse trotters, the former bred for speed and the latter originally for heavy work. Standardbreds performed the 2 min exercise intervals at speeds of 6, 7, 8, 9 m s-1 and Finnhorses, according to their training status, at 5, 6, 7, 8 m s-1, 4, 5, 6, 7 m s-1 or 5, 6, 7 m s-1. Steady-state heart rate (HR) was reached within each 2 min interval. The increase in HR was l...
Comparative RAPD-PCR analysis of lungworms (Dictyocaulidae) from fallow deer, cattle, sheep, and horses. Genomic DNA isolated from the four Dictyocaulus species D. viviparus, D. eckerti, D. filaria and D. arnfieldi was compared by random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD)-PCR to get additional information whether lungworms from fallow deer belong to a separate species (D. eckerti) or have to be regarded as an isolate of D. viviparus in wild ruminants. The resulting banding patterns of the electrophoresed PCR products were compared to assess the degree of genetic differences between the different lungworms. For the two D. viviparus isolates a similarity coefficient of 93.4%...
A novel Ca(2+)-dependent step in exocytosis subsequent to vesicle fusion. Exocytosis begins with formation of a small fusion pore which then expands allowing rapid release of granular contents. We studied the influence of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) on the conductance of the initial pore and on the dynamics of subsequent expansion in horse eosinophils using the patch clamp technique. The mean initial conductance is approximately 200 pS independent of [Ca2+]i. This value is close to that previously found in beige mouse mast cells. The pore subsequently expands by 18 nS/s at [Ca2+]i < 10 nM, by 40 nS/s at [Ca2+]i = 1.5 microM and by 90 nS/s at [Ca2+]i = 10 micr...
Parasitic dermatoses that cause pruritus in horses. Insect hypersensitivity is the most common cause of equine pruritus. It is a seasonal, highly pruritic dermatosis that is caused by the salivary antigens of biting insects. The most common insects are discussed in terms of the area of the horse affected, clinical signs, therapy, and preventative strategies.
Internal diseases that have skin lesions. Skin lesions can be associated with many internal diseases. Most organ systems seem to have conditions in which skin lesions can develop. Treatment of the skin lesions in such a situation is palliative. The underlying internal disease must be addressed for resolution of the skin lesions to occur. It is important to view the skin as an integral communicating part of the body and not just as the skin.
Overview of equine pruritus. Pruritus is a common complaint associated with equine dermatoses. Self-mutilation results in alopecia, excoriations, scaling, and crusting; the aesthetic appearance of the horse is often ruined and the horse may be unfit for riding or showing. This article specifically addresses those pruritic dermatoses caused by allergies, including food allergy/intolerance, atopy and contact allergy, as well as by two ectoparasites, stick-tight fleas and rhabditic mange. The clinical signs, diagnostic tests, and treatment recommendations are discussed for each disorder. Insect hypersensitivity and pruritus ...
Pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen after multiple intravenous doses to mares. The pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of ketoprofen in six healthy mares after the first and last of five daily intravenous doses of 2.2 mg of ketoprofen per kg body weight were investigated using a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for determining plasma and urinary ketoprofen concentrations. Plasma ketoprofen concentrations declined triexponentially after each dose with no significant differences in plasma concentrations or pharmacokinetic parameter values between the first and last doses. The harmonic mean of the terminal elimination half-life of ketoprofen after th...
Entomologic evaluation of insect hypersensitivity in horses. Potential methods of incriminating insects as the cause of insect hypersensitivity are presented. A listing of the biting midges known to attack horses in North America is presented also. An example of how species may be determined to be the cause of the hypersensitivity is given using data from a recent study in Florida. Light trap collections indicated the temporal and geographic distribution of potential contributing species and collections made by vacuuming horses further delineated species by proving they feed on horses and the correct locations on the horses to match lesion distribution....
Wesselsbron virus antibody in domestic animals in Nigeria: retrospective and prospective studies. Retrospective and prospective serological surveys to determine the prevalence of Wesslsbron (WSL) virus infections in animal populations were carried out in different vegetational zones in Nigeria. Sera from 1,492 animals comprising 292 camels, 81 horses, 4 donkeys, 320 cattle, 235 sheep, 260 goats, 114 pigs, 101 dogs and 85 domestic fowls were assayed by haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test for presence of antibodies to WSL virus and other flavivirus antigens: Yellow Fever (YF), Potiskum (POT), Banzi (BAN), Uganda S (UGS) and West Nile (WN) viruses. Four hundred and eighty one (32%) of the ...
A preliminary study of hyperextension of the carpal joint in the racing Thoroughbred. A photographic study of the angles of 71 carpal joints of horses at the end of a race has shown that overextension of the joint is normal at this stage. Further study is needed to determine the factors which may influence hyperextension, and whether they are relevant to carpal injury.
