Equine health encompasses the study and management of diseases, disorders, and overall well-being of horses. It involves understanding various physiological systems, preventive care, and treatment strategies to maintain optimal health in equine populations. Common areas of focus include nutrition, infectious diseases, orthopedic conditions, and reproductive health. Research in equine health aims to advance knowledge on diagnostic methods, therapeutic interventions, and management practices that improve horse welfare and performance. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse aspects of equine health, offering insights into current findings and advancements in the field.
Leme DP, Papa FO.Fifteen stallions of different breeds, age 3-11 years, had their right testicles evaluated by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Cytological analysis showed the following spermatogenic cell types: spermatogonia (1.6% +/- 1.1); spermatocyte I (3.4% +/- 2.2); spermatocyte II (0.8% +/- 0.7); early spermatids (25.5% +/- 9.5); late spermatids (37.0% +/- 9.3). Spermatozoal numbers were expressed as the spermatic index (SI = 31.5% +/- 8.5) and Sertoli cells were expressed as the Sertoli cell index (SEI = 20.9% +/- 17.0) (means +/- s.d). Identification of cell types was relatively easy and no imm...
Langsetmo I, Meyer MR, Erickson HH.Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) is characterised by blood in the airways after strenuous exercise and results from stress failure of the pulmonary capillaries. The purpose of this experiment was to establish a threshold value of transmural pulmonary arterial pressure at which haemorrhage occurs in the exercising horse. Five geldings, age 4-14 years, were run in random order once every 2 weeks at 1 of 4 speeds (9, 11, 13, 15 m/s); one day with no run was used as a control. Heart rate, pulmonary arterial pressure and oesophageal pressure were recorded for the duration of the run. T...
Richards AJ, Kelly DF, Knottenbelt DC, Cheeseman MT, Dixon JB.This report summarises clinical and pathological observations on Fell pony foals with a range of signs that included ill thrift, anaemia, respiratory infection, glossal hyperkeratosis and diarrhoea. Some of the foals had normochromic, normocytic anaemia and some had low levels of plasma proteins, including immunoglobulin G. Antibiotic and supportive treatment was ineffective and all affected foals died or were killed on humane grounds. Postmortem examination of 12 foals and tissues from 2 other foals revealed a range of lesions that included glossal hyperkeratosis, typhlocolitis, intestinal cr...
Mukaiya R, Kimura T, Ochiai K, Wada R, Umemura T.Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) infection was demonstrated in the lung tissue of seven aborted fetuses by immunohistochemical labelling and polymerase chain reaction. The placentas of the fetuses were also examined by non-isotopic in-situ hybridization for the EHV-1 glycoprotein B (gB) gene. Positive hybridization signals were observed in the cytoplasm of trophoblasts, especially in microcotyledons, of all seven placentas, and in villous epithelium of the allantochorion of six placentas. Despite the presence of EHV-1 RNA, EHV-1 antigens were not detected in placentas by immunohistochemical examin...
Collard XR, Danse EM, Rombouts JJ.The treatment of acute complete (grade III) tears of the lateral ligaments of the ankle has generated much controversy in the medical literature. Functional treatment has become the standard treatment as it has been shown that there is no significant difference in long term results whatever the treatment (operative repair and cast, cast alone, or early controlled mobilization). Functional treatment includes only a short period of protection by tape bandage or brace and allows early weight-bearing. Major trauma with avulsion of bone and severe ligamentous damage on both medial and lateral sides...
Mariotti F, Cuteri V, Takai S, Renzoni G, Pascucci L, Vitellozzi G.Two horses with Rhodococcus equi infection were examined post mortem by an immunohistochemical method (peroxidase-antiperoxidase; PAP) with a monoclonal antibody (Mab 10G5) to the 15-17 kDa antigen of R. equi. One of the horses was also examined bacteriologically, R. equi being isolated in culture. Immunolabelling with this Mab was marked and widespread. On the other hand, the immunohistochemical reactivity of infected macrophages with a polyclonal antibody specific for lysozyme was slight. Thus, Mab 10G5 would appear to be a useful diagnostic reagent in R. equi infection, with or without cult...
Quieroz AO, Nehme-Russell NS, Brandão A, Jansen AM.'Mal de Cadeiras' is a disease which causes great mortality in horses in the Pantanal Matogrossense region, Brazil. The agent of this disease is Trypanosoma evansi, a kinetoplastid flagellate which belongs to the Trypanosomatidae family, classified into the Salivarian section. Transmission occurs mechanically by haematophagous Diptera, mainly by Stomoxys sp. and Tabanus sp. and vampire bats. Outbreaks of Mal de Cadeiras in horses result in economic losses, thus limiting their use in cattle raising. Ten isolates of T. evansi recently derived from coati (Nasua nasua, Carnivora, Procyonidae), hor...
Miyashita Y, Nakajima S, Imada H.Three horses were trained with a discrimination task in which the color (blue or yellow) of a center panel signaled the correct (left or right) response (lever press). Reinforcing outcomes for the two correct color-position combinations (blue-left and yellow-right) were varied across phases. Discrimination performance was better when the combinations were differentially reinforced by two types of food (chopped carrot pieces and a solid food pellet) than when the combinations were randomly reinforced by these outcomes or when there was a common reinforcer for each of the correct combinations. H...
Carelle MS, Galuppi R, Ragaini L, Tampieri MP.The authors report, for the first time in Italy, a case of dermatitis of "hypopodes" origin in a horse. The hypopodes are a particular nymphal stage of mites of the suborder Astigmata. The "hypopus" is non-feeding, lacks a mouth and has a ventral suctorial plate with suckers and conoids for attaching itself to insects as a mode of dispersal. Some of these larval stages can enter into the hair follicles and into the subcutaneous layers causing lesions similar to mange. There are few reports of dermatitis in horses specifically associated with the presence of hypopodes and these have been attrib...
Cacciò S, Cammà C, Onuma M, Severini C.A fragment of the beta-tubulin gene was polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified from genomic DNAs of Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Babesia divergens, Babesia major, Babesia caballi, Babesia equi, Babesia microti, Theileria annulata and Theileria sergenti. Single amplification products were obtained for each of these species, but the size of the amplicons varied from 310 to 460 bp. Sequence analysis revealed that this variation is due to the presence of a single intron, which ranged from 20 to 170 bp. The extensive genetic variability at the beta-tubulin locus has been exploited to develop...
Baldini M, Stacchini P, C뫝a F, Miniero R, Parodi P, Facelli P.The cadmium content of muscle, liver, kidney and blood samples from 62 horses slaughtered in Italy was investigated. Cadmium was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) after wet digestion of the samples. The mean and median contents of all samples were (on a fresh weight basis) 75 and 41 micrograms kg-1 for muscle, 2.46 and 2.10 mg kg-1 for liver, 20.0 and 13.5 mg kg-1 for kidney. The cadmium level in blood samples was always below 6 micrograms l-1. The cadmium concentrations in muscle, liver and kidney were found to be related to the life span of the specimens a...
Nally JE, Artiushin S, Sheoran AS, Burns PJ, Simon B, Gilley RM, Gibson J, Sullivan S, Timoney JF.Streptococcus equi causes equine strangles, a highly contagious disease of the upper respiratory tract. The antiphagocytic surface protein SeM is strongly immunogenic and evokes mucosal and systemic antibodies during convalescence. The present study investigated the potential of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB); a high viscosity excipient that provides controlled release of biologically active substances, to enhance antibody responses following intranasal immunization of horses with a 108 a.a. peptide of SeM (SeMF3). SeMF3-SAIB was administered intranasally to each of the 11 adult horses on ...
Wang LF, Yu M, Hansson E, Pritchard LI, Shiell B, Michalski WP, Eaton BT.An outbreak of acute respiratory disease in Hendra, a suburb of Brisbane, Australia, in September 1994 resulted in the deaths of 14 racing horses and a horse trainer. The causative agent was a new member of the family Paramyxoviridae. The virus was originally called Equine morbillivirus but was renamed Hendra virus (HeV) when molecular characterization highlighted differences between it and members of the genus Morbillivirus. Less than 5 years later, the closely related Nipah virus (NiV) emerged in Malaysia, spread rapidly through the pig population, and caused the deaths of over 100 people. W...
Booth TM, Proudman CJ, Edwards GB.A 6-year-old mare was presented for acute abdominal pain unresponsive to analgesics. Exploratory laparotomy revealed entrapment of the small colon through a 12 cm rent in the mesocolon. The incarcerated small colon was manually reduced and the rent in the mesocolon was sutured closed. The mare made excellent postoperative recovery and was discharged from the hospital 4 days later. The cause of the rent, which was chronic in appearance, is unknown.
Alberts MK, McCann JP, Woods PR.A 23-year-old Quarter Horse gelding was admitted to the hospital because of cachexia and hyperactive behavior of 1 year's duration. At admission the horse was severely emaciated, tachycardic with a grade V/VI diastolic murmur, pyrexic, polydipsic, enophthalmic, and alopecic. The right lobe of the thyroid gland was noticeably larger than typical. The horse was also hyperexcitable and had a ravenous appetite. A presumptive diagnosis of hyperthyroidism was made on the basis of clinical signs and high plasma thyroid hormone concentrations. Confirmation of the diagnosis was made on the basis of res...
Verini-Supplizi A, Stradaioli G, Fagioli O, Parillo F.The testes of prepubertal and adult horses were investigated using 10 horseradish peroxidase conjugated lectins combined with sialidase digestion and potassium hydroxide treatment, to localise the oligosaccharide sequences of glycoconjugates during spermatid maturation. In adult animals, the lectins showed a variable affinity for spermatids and Sertoli cell apical extensions. Soybean agglutinin (SBA), peanut agglutinin (PNA), Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA-I) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) bound to the acrosomal structures of spermatids, whereas Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin (GSA-II) l...
Vos JH, Deleu SA, Heling W, de Vries AR, Zeeuwen AA.The most relevant results of a written questionnaire among veterinarians in the Netherlands are presented and discussed. The inquiry was performed by MarketResponse Nederland BV. The objective was to get an overview of the current perception and the future view of the profession. The response was 37%. Most respondents (66%) were practitioners, 7% were active in research or teaching institutions, 5% were governmental employees, 5% were employed in industry, and 17% did not belong to any of these categories (retired, unemployed etc.). Forty-seven per cent of the veterinarians practised mainly sm...
Magnarelli LA, Ijdo JW, Van Andel AE, Wu C, Padula SJ, Fikrig E.To determine whether horses living in tick-infested areas of northeastern United States with clinical signs of borreliosis or granulocytic ehrlichiosis had detectable serum antibodies to both Borrelia burgdorferi and Ehrlichia equi. Methods: Prospective study. Methods: Serum samples from 51 clinically normal horses, 14 horses with clinical signs of borreliosis, and 17 horses with clinical signs of granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Methods: Serum B burgdorferi or E equi antibodies were measured by use of an ELISA, immunoblot analysis, or indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) staining. Results: Of the 82...
de la Rua-Domenech R, Reid SW, González-Zariquiey AE, Wood JL, Gettinby G.A Monte Carlo model that simulates the management life cycle of a horse population in training on a Thoroughbred flat racing yard (i.e. stable) was developed for computer implementation. Each horse was characterised by several state variables. Discrete events at the horse level were triggered stochastically to reflect uncertainty about some input assumptions and heterogeneity of the horse population in a particular yard. This mathematical model was subsequently used to mimic the spread of equine influenza (EI) within a typical yard following the introduction of one or several infectious horses...
The Journal of physiologyOctober 6, 2000
Volume 528 Pt 1, Issue Pt 1 209-219 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.00209.x
Fowden AL, Taylor PM, White KL, Forhead AJ.1. Using the Fick principle and tracer methodology, the metabolic rates of chronically catheterized fetal foals (n = 24) were measured at different gestational ages during the second half of gestation and in response to maternal fasting for 36 h in late gestation (n = 4, term approximately 335 days). 2. Absolute rates of umbilical blood flow, fetal glucose utilization and umbilical uptake of oxygen (O2) and glucose increased from mid-gestation to 300 days and then plateauxed until term. The absolute rate of umbilical lactate uptake was significant after, but not before, 280 days of gestation. ...
Livesey JH, Evans MJ, Mulligan R, Donald RA.To further elucidate the interaction of CRH, AVP and cortisol in the control of ACTH secretion, we used an in vitro perifusion model with dispersed equine anterior pituitary cells. To approximate the in vivo milieu in the horse, CRH was perifused continuously (at 0, 2 and 20 pmol/L) and 5-min pulses of AVP (0, 1, 3 and 10 nmol/L) were given every 30 min in the presence of 0 or 100 nmol/L cortisol. Total (baseline + incremental) ACTH secretion increased as both the CRH (p<0.001) and the AVP (p<0.001) concentration increased and interaction between CRH and AVP was significant (p=0.042). Co...
Weese JS, Staempfli HR, Prescott JF.An environmental survey of a veterinary teaching hospital for the presence of Clostridium difficile was performed using contact plates and cycloserine-cefoxitin-fructose with 0.1% sodium taurocholate agar. Clostridium difficile was isolated from 24 of 381 sites (6.3%). Growth was obtained from 4.5% (9/202) of sites sampled in the Large Animal Clinic, from 8.1% (13/160) of sites within the Small Animal Clinic, and from 20% (2/10) of sites sampled elsewhere. Fourteen of 21 strains tested produced toxins in vitro. A geographic association was found with areas in the large animal clinic where noso...
Prickett TCR , Inder WJ, Evans MJ, Donald RA.The acute-phase cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) is known to activate the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, primarily via corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH). The aim of this study was to determine whether IL-1beta could directly stimulate ACTH secretion from perifused equine anterior pituitary cells, and whether CRH pre-incubation affected corticotroph responsiveness. Isolated equine anterior pituitary cells were pre-incubated with media containing 10 nM CRH or vehicle for 20 hours before being loaded onto columns and perifused with 0.02 nM CRH and 100 nM cortisol. Columns were given a 5-mi...
Muylle S, Simoens P, Lauwers H.This paper gives an anatomical overview of the dentinal structure in equine incisor teeth with special reference to the three-dimensional organization, the number and the diameter of the dentinal tubules. The spatial arrangement of equine dentine was examined by scanning electron microscopy of occlusal surfaces and longitudinally fractured teeth and by light microscopy of both decalcified and ground sections. The dentinal tubules of the peripherally situated primary dentine were directly continuous with those of the circumpulpal secondary dentine. The tubules had numerous side branches along t...
van Weyenberg S, Buyse J, Janssens GP.To determine the influence of feeding frequency on apparent digestibility and blood metabolites in horses, four geldings were fed a complete ration either once (at 08:00 h) or three times a day (at 08:00, 13:00 and 18:00 h). Horses were provided with a mixture of cereals and chopped alfalfa hay at maintenance level for energy supply, 344 kJ/kg BW(0.75) on a daily basis. After three weeks' adaptation, total amounts of faeces and urine were collected for five days, using collection harnesses. Serial blood samples were taken at -30, -15, 0, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 480 and ...
Orellana-Guerrero D, Uribe-Salazar JM, El-Sheikh Ali H, Scoggin KE, Ball B, Daels P, Finno CJ, Dini P.The placenta is a temporary organ that is essential for the survival of the fetus, with a lifelong effect on the health of both the offspring and the dam. The functions of the placenta are controlled by its dynamic gene expression during gestation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the equine placental DNA methylome as one of the fundamental mechanisms that controls the gene expression dynamic. Chorioallantois samples from four (4M), six (6M), and ten (10M) months of gestation were used to map the methylation pattern of the placenta. Globally, methylation levels increased toward the end o...
Aurich C, Parvizi N, Brunklaus D, Hoppen HO, Aurich JE.The effects of dopaminergic and opioidergic systems on LH and prolactin release in Pony mares were investigated. Experiments were performed in intact mares during the non-breeding and the breeding seasons and in ovariectomized mares in November, March and May. Mares were treated with the dopamine D2-antagonist sulpiride, the opioid antagonist naloxone and naloxone plus sulpiride and saline. Naloxone alone and in combination with sulpiride increased plasma LH concentrations in intact anovulatory mares and in cyclic luteal phase mares, whereas sulpiride alone had no effect. None of the treatment...
Garcia MC, Freedman LJ, Ginther OJ.A working hypothesis for the regulation of LH secretion in the mare is postulated which involves the following two components: (1) a primary central nervous system (CNS)-pituitary component which is responsible for a basal circannual LH rhythm, entrained to an environmental 'Zeitgeber' (most probably photoperiod) and independent of ovarian influences, and (2) a secondary ovarian (steroidal) component which modifies the primary rhythm during the ovulatory season. This hypothesis does not seem to apply in its entirety to FSH secretion; the CNS-pituitary component is demonstrable within the first...
Messer NT, Arnold K.An 18-year-old Quarter Horse gelding was determined to have immune-mediated hemolytic anemia after detection of autoagglutination of RBC spherocytosis as well as a positive direct Coombs test result. A lack of response to treatment with corticosteroids necessiated the administration of cyclophosphamide and azathioprine. The anemia resolved after treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs.
Solberg OD, Jackson KA, Millon LV, Stott JL, Vandenplas ML, Moore JN, Watson JL.Three overlapping fragments of the equine interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain gene (IL4R) were cloned and sequenced. The resulting 3553 bp cDNA sequence exhibited homology to human, murine and bovine IL4R. The equine IL4R exhibits many conserved features when compared to other species, including intron-exon boundary positions and amino acid sequence motifs characteristic of type I cytokine receptors. The IL4R gene was localized to horse chromosome ECA13 by synteny mapping on a somatic cell hybrid panel. Evidence for an alternative splice variant of IL4R was found in the genomic sequence and sub...
Forster HV, Murphy CL, Brice AG, Pan LG, Lowry TF.The major objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that in ponies the change in plasma [H+] resulting from a change in PCO2 (delta H+/delta PCO2) is less under acute in vivo conditions than under in vitro conditions. Elevation of inspired CO2 and lowering of inspired O2 (causing hyperventilation) were used to respectively increase and decrease arterial PCO2 (Paco2) by 5-8 Torr from normal. Arterial and mixed venous blood were simultaneously sampled in 12 ponies during eucapnia and 5-60 min after Paco2 had changed. In vitro data were obtained by equilibrating blood in a tonometer at f...
Bassage LH, Ross MW.Ten horses admitted for lameness evaluation including bone scintigraphy had enostosis-like lesions, described scintigraphically as focal or multifocal areas of intense increased radioisotope uptake within the medullary cavity of one or more long bones, and radiographically as one or multiple round to irregularly shaped radiopacities within the medullary cavity, often in close proximity to the nutrient foramen. There were 6 Thoroughbreds, one male, one female and 4 geldings, 3 Standardbreds, all geldings and one Appaloosa gelding; age 3-10 years. Enostosis-like lesions were seen in the tibia (5...
Baker ME, Kershaw LE, Carstens A, Daniel CR, Brown H, Roberts S, Taylor SE.Low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely available to equine veterinarians yet is insensitive at detecting cartilage damage in the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ). T2 mapping is a quantitative imaging technique that can detect cartilage damage before morphological change is apparent. Objective: Validation of a T2 mapping sequence on a low-field MR system. Correlation of the mean T2 relaxation time in sections of cartilage with varying levels of pathology using low- and high-field MRI. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Eight phantoms with known (nominal) T2 values underwe...
Marti E, Binns M.This research study discusses the importance of creating a gene map for horses to enhance understanding of horse genetics, improve selective breeding methods, and aid in the diagnosis and treatment […]
McMaster M, Caldwell F, Gillen A, Hespel A, Budny P, Abarca E.To report the surgical reconstruction of a complicated orbital depression fracture in a horse with emphasis on medial wall and globe repositioning. Methods: Clinical report. Methods: A 6 year old Irish Sport Horse gelding. Methods: The eventer presented with acute, severe orbital trauma and globe displacement. After initial elevation of the depression fractures of the facial bones and reconstruction of the orbit, the globe was recessed secondary to displacement of the medial wall and floor of the orbit within the conchofrontal sinus. A three-dimensional model of the fracture configuration was ...
Tenney WA, Whitcomb MB.To characterize ruptures of collateral ligaments (CLs) in metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints in horses. Methods: Retrospective case series. Methods: 17 horses with ruptured CLs. Methods: Data were obtained from medical records, including signalment, history, clinical signs, ultrasonographic and radiographic findings, treatment, and outcome. Additional follow-up information was obtained from owners or referring veterinarians. Results: The lateral CL was ruptured in 11 horses; the medial CL was ruptured in 6 horses. Ultrasonography revealed ipsilateral rupture of the short and lo...
Cheong SH, Castillo Herrera JM, Dockweiler JC, Donnelly CG, Sones JL, Ellerbrock RE, Lawlis SM, Gilbert RO, Diel de Amorim M.Augmentation of parturition can be used to advance labor in mares to occur at a time when personnel is available to assist if necessary. We performed a retrospective study to determine the efficacy and safety of augmentation to manage foalings. Augmentation was performed with 3 IU oxytocin i.v. when mammary calcium concentrations were ≥250 ppm, mammary secretion pH ≤ 6.5, and the mare showed impending signs of parturition. Augmented parturitions (n = 19) were compared with three different control groups. The three control groups were: 1) Time Match control (n = 37) which were...
Baker SJ, Johnson PJ, David A, Cook CR.Chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease was diagnosed in a 22-year-old female Tennessee Walking Horse that had signs of bruxism and ptyalism. Esophageal ulceration was detected via endoscopy. Compared with the damage to the proximal portions of the esophagus, the severity of the ulceration increased toward the gastroesophageal junction. Esophageal ulceration attributable to chronic gastric acid reflux is usually secondary to pyloric outflow obstruction in horses. In the horse of this report, there was no evidence of either a chronic pyloric or duodenal obstruction that could have resulted in e...
Baird JD, Hutchins DR, Lepherd EE.A 12-month-old thoroughbred horse, after being treated with 30 g. of micronized phenothiazine, developed an acute haemolytic anaemia characterized by Heinz-body formation. Elevation of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, isocitric dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and blood urea nitrogen also occurred. The colt's clinical condition improved after receiving blood transfusions, fluids, antibiotics and corticosteroids. After 10 weeks, the haematological and biochemical picture returned to normal. [A.S.] D.A.Cz.
Traub-Dargatz JL, McKinnon AO, Bruyninckx WJ, Thrall MA, Jones RL, Blancquaert AM.Four bronchoalveolar lavages were performed sequentially on 9 control and 8 transport-stressed female horses. Alterations in results of fluid cytologic analyses, microbial content, and phagocyte function of recovered pulmonary macrophages in all horses were determined. Seemingly, absolute and relative increase in the number of inflammatory cells detected in the second bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of control horses was the result of irritation of the first lavage. This increased response was not observed in transport-stressed horses until 5 days after transport (third lavage; 10 days after init...
Guglielmini C, Bernardini D.A seven-month-old male Standardbred was referred with a 4-month history of left jugular groove distension. On physical examination severely dilated left maxillary, linguofacial and jugular veins were appreciable. Blood gas analysis results indicated higher degree of oxygenation in the left jugular vein. Bi-directional flow signals, with normal systolic and early diastolic flow, and late diastolic retrograde flow, were noted on pulsed-wave Doppler interrogation and color flow mapping of the left jugular blood flow. A systolic-diastolic signal with spectral broadening was detected when positioni...
Thorringer NW, Jensen RB.Total collection of faeces is considered the golden standard for estimating apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) in horses. However, the evaluation of individual feedstuffs is limited and determination of nutrient digestibility in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is excluded. The rationale for performing this study was that the mobile bag technique (MBT) can provide information on individual feedstuffs' degradation, and the use of fistulated animals does provide additionally information regarding degradation in individual segments of the GIT. Recommendations for usin...
Spurlock GH, Robertson JT.Five foals were admitted because of colic that developed within 24 hours after birth. Physical examination revealed swelling from the inguinal region to the cranial aspect of the prepuce. Through the skin overlying the swelling, distended loops of bowel could be palpated. The hernias could be reduced with the foals restrained in dorsal recumbency. Surgical exploration showed the swelling to be an inguinal hernia with small bowel herniation through a rent in the common vaginal tunic. Concurrent rupture of the vaginal tunic should be suspected when a congenital inguinal hernia is associated with...
Theurillat R, Larenza MP, Feige K, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R, Thormann W.Ketamine and norketamine are being transported across the blood brain barrier and are also entering from blood into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Enantioselective distributions of these compounds in brain and CSF have never been determined. The enantioselective CE based assay previously developed for equine plasma was adapted to the analysis of these compounds in equine brain via use of an acidic pre-extraction of interferences prior to liquid/liquid extraction at alkaline pH. CSF can be treated as plasma. With 100 mg of brain tissue and 0.5 mL of CSF or plasma, assay conditions for up to 30 nmol...
Ramseier LC, Waldern NM, Wiestner T, Geser-von Peinen K, Weishaupt MA.Icelandic horse riding practices aim to place the rider further caudally on the horse's back than in English riding, claiming that a weight shift toward the hindquarters improves the quality of the tölt (e.g. giving the shoulder more freedom to move). This study compared saddle pressure patterns and the effects on limb kinetics and kinematics of three saddles: an Icelandic saddle (S(Icel), lowest point of seat in the hind part of the saddle), a treeless saddle cushion (S(Cush)) and a dressage-style saddle (S(Dres)). Twelve Icelandic horses were ridden with S(Icel), S(Cush) and S(Dres) on an i...
Gerhards H, Werry H, Deegen E, Köstlin RG.Coloboma and ectopia of the crystalline lens are rarely encountered or diagnosed congenital defects of the equine eye. The clinical and ophthalmoscopic features of a congenital coloboma of the lens in a 3 year old Hanoverian stallion and of an ectopic lens in a 6-month old Hanoverian filly are described and depicted. In the stallion, the lens coloboma was associated with a partial coloboma of the zonules, and in the filly, the ectopic lens was small and spherical (microphakia, spherophakia) and associated with syneresis of and small floaters in the vitreous. Although it cannot be excluded that...
Green SL, Mayhew IG, Brown MP, Gronwall RR, Montieth G.Each of seven mares was given an intravenous (IV) injection of 40% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at a dosage of 1 g/kg, over 35 min, immediately followed by a single IV injection of a trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) combination (SMZ 83%, TMP 17%) at a combined dosage of 44 mg/kg (7.48 mg/kg TMP; 36.52 mg/kg SMZ). Each horse served as its own control and was alternately treated with an identical dose of TMP-SMZ treatment alone at least seven days following or preceding the DMSO and TMP-SMZ treatment. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of TMP and SMZ were measured over ...
Schils S, Ober T.When diagnosing neuromuscular injury and pain, the use of biomechanical evaluations to assess the mechanics of movement patterns has been useful in the human population. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a technology that can create action potentials to produce musculoskeletal movement that is almost indistinguishable from the voluntary kinematics produced by the nervous system. To create controlled and precise musculoskeletal movements in humans and in horses, FES has been shown to be effective. In humans, the kinematic information obtained from FES data has been utilized to direct f...
Canisso IF, Pinn TL, Gerdin JA, Ollivett TL, Buckles EL, Schweizer CM, Ainsworth DM.A 5-year-old Quarter horse broodmare was evaluated for inappetence, depression, and diarrhea 13 days after aborting a 9-month gestation fetus. Clinical and laboratory examination ruled out uterine rupture and peritonitis. Ultrasonography of the uterus combined with cytological analysis of peritoneal fluid suggested the existence of diffuse lymphoma. A multicentric B-cell lymphoma involving the uterus and ovary was confirmed at necropsy and histopathological examination. Lymhome multicentrique à cellules B comme cause possible d’avortement chez une jument poulinière Quarter Horse. Une jumen...
