"Horses" is a broad topic that encompasses various aspects of equine biology, behavior, and management. This category includes studies on the anatomy, physiology, and genetics of horses, as well as their behavior, nutrition, and care. Research in this area may also cover the historical and cultural significance of horses, their roles in agriculture, sport, and therapy, and the challenges associated with their conservation and welfare. The page aggregates peer-reviewed research articles and scholarly studies that explore the multifaceted relationships between humans and horses, examining both scientific and socio-economic perspectives.
Hunt DA, Snyder JR, Morgan JP, Pascoe JR.The medical records of 25 horses 1 year of age or younger affected with femoral head and neck fractures during an 18 year period were reviewed. Each fracture involved the capital physis. The foals were 11 days to 12 months of age (mean, 5 months). No femoral capital physeal fractures occurred in horses older than 1 year of age during the same period. The history in each case included acute onset of severe unilateral hindlimb lameness, 3 hours to 2 months (mean, 12 days) before presentation. Injuries observed were violent falls, struggles, and kicks. Crepitation, swelling, pain with manipulatio...
Sutherland IH.Following the development of a unique claim structure encompassing both nematode and arthropod species, ivermectin was first introduced as a veterinary parasiticide in 1981. For cattle(c), sheep(s), horses(h) and pigs(p) injectable(c,s,p), oral(c,s,h) and topical(c) products are available delivering ivermectin at 200 to 500 micrograms/kg. Efficacy extends to nematodes of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, conjunctival sac and soft tissues. Among the arthropod parasites claims have been established for the biting fly Haematobia irritans(c), the screw-worm Chrysomyia bezziana(c), larva...
Wong CW, Thompson HL, Thong YH, Thornton JR.Bronchoalveolar lavage samples were collected using a fibreoptic endoscope from horses at specified times before and after single bouts of exercise. Lucigenin-dependent phagocytic chemiluminescence was used to assess the effect of exercise on the alveolar macrophage metabolic activity in response to stimulation by opsonised zymosan. A profound suppressive effect on the chemiluminescence production was present throughout the first three days after exercise. However, the cellular composition of lavage fluids was not altered by the exercise. It is suggested that strenuous exercise may jeopardize ...
Kaegi B.25 horses which entered the clinic for minor surgery, received ketamine (2.2 mg/kg i.v.) for induction of anesthesia after previous sedation with xylazine (1.1 mg/kg i.v.). As soon as the horses were in the lateral recumbency, the benzodiazepine derivate climazolam was administered at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg i.v. (10 horses) or 0.2 mg/kg i.v. (15 horses). The anesthesia was maintained with repeated injections of ketamine (1.1 mg/kg i.v. every 9-12 minutes). At the end of the surgery, 20 minutes after the last ketamine injection, Ro 15-3505, a benzodiazepine antagonist, was injected at a dose of 0....
Bennett MF.To test a claim that counts of the eggs of large strongyles or bloodworms, parasites of equines, are greater in morning fecal samples than in those from later in the day, and therefore, may be indicators of circadian variations in these worms, samples from one pony and nine horses were analyzed for strongyle eggs. Samples were collected twice per day, about 7:30 and again about 19:30, during two, 24-day periods. Individual counts varied from 0 to 1184. The mean of all 7:30 counts was 212.52; that of 19:30 counts was 236.03. The difference is not significant, and does not support the idea of ci...
Hermanson JW, Hurley KJ.The biceps brachii of horses is a complex muscle subdivided into two heads which may subserve distinct functions. The lateral head contains a large percentage of type I myofibers. This region is largely composed of short fibers (5-7 mm long) arranged in a pinnate fashion and heavily invested with connective tissue. The medial head contains fewer type I fibers and is composed of relatively longer myofibers (15-20 mm long), also arranged in a pinnate fashion but less heavily invested with connective tissue. It is hypothesized that the lateral muscle head of biceps brachii contributes to the post...
Adland-Davenport P, Brown MP, Robinson JD, Derendorf HC.Fourteen foals less than four days of age were treated with the aminoglycoside, amikacin sulphate, and either penicillin or ampicillin for septicaemia, pneumonia, and/or failure of passive immunoglobulin transfer. Serum amikacin concentrations were determined at three times during an 8 or 12 h dosing interval. A 7.0 mg/kg bodyweight dose of amikacin every 8 h was appropriate. Prematurity did not influence mortality. All seven premature foals survived, whereas four of the seven full term foals died. Uraemia in three foals was caused by urinary bladder rupture; amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity wa...
Peiffer RL, Wilcock BP, Yin H.Histologic examination was made of 1,419 globes from domestic animals (964 dogs, 374 cats, 41 horses, and 40 cattle) with ocular disease; pre-iridal membranes (rubeosis iridis) were found in 98. The membranes originated as endothelial budding from the anterior iridal stroma and seemed to mature into fibrous or fibrovascular membranes that were often followed by hyphema or, occasionally, glaucoma. Pre-existent disease in the 98 affected globes included chronic endophthalmitis (27/98), chronic glaucoma (24/98), anterior uveal melanoma (15/98), ciliary body adenoma (14/98), neoplasms metastatic t...
Evermann JF.Retroviral infections of livestock have become of increasing importance due to their usefulness as comparative models for human retroviral infections and their effects upon animal health and marketability of animals and animal products nationally and internationally. This paper presents a perspective on the retroviruses of economic concern in veterinary medicine with emphasis on the importance of understanding the modes of virus transmission and the species specificity of the viruses. The retroviruses reviewed include the oncovirus, bovine leukosis virus, and the lentiviruses, equine infectiou...
Milne EM.Equine serum haptoglobin was separated by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing and visualized by protein staining or Western blotting. Conventional protein staining revealed up to three bands in the pI range 4.17 to 4.44. The blotting technique, however, showed an anodal group of 8 to 10 bands with a pI range of 4.11 to 4.52 and a cathodal group of 4 to 6 bands with a range of 4.55 to 5.14. The blotting method revealed that equine haptoglobin migrates outside the prealbumin area, in contrast to previous reports.
Liebermann H.Sera collected from 124 horses were checked by means of the serum neutralisation test against equine Bern virus. Torovirusspecific antibodies were recordable from 35 percent of all horses tested. These results are likely to suggest that toroviruses are widespread in the GDR and occur not only in horses but in other domestic animals and in man, as well.
Bowling AT, Gordon L, Penedo MC, Wictum E, Beebout J.We describe a method for agarose IEF under acid conditions in which a single gel can be used to diagnose from equine red cell lysates genetic variants for carbonic anhydrase (CA) and catalase (Cat). Family and population data for 4801 horses of 27 breeds and seven trap sites of Great Basin feral horses are presented to support the presence of a sixth CA allele, CAE, which has been recognized previously, but not described by published data. Allelic frequencies for the two systems suggest it may be appropriate to use this gel for parentage verification programmes or to obtain population data for...
Albu I, Georgia R, Georoceanu M.The Haversian canal system in the diaphysial compacta of the femur in 4 mammalian species (dog, pig, bovine, horse) was studied on the decalcified bone using a method developed by the authors. In the microscopic studies we found that in all species the network aspects vary with the depth of the compacta layer. In all layers, there is a background of longitudinal canals with more or less regular trajectories describing large curves. The anastomoses linking them are main elements that define the variety of the network aspects both from layer to layer and from species to species. The canal densit...
Cornick JL.A 2-year-old Trakehner filly with pulmonary histoplasmosis is presented. Clinical signs included weight loss, intermittent fever, dyspnea and depression. Diagnosis was based on thoracic radiography, transtracheal wash cytology and lung aspirate cytology. A 5-week regimen of Amphotercin-B administered intravenously resulted in clinical recovery and return of the animal to normal activity. A brief review of histoplasmosis in man and animal is included.
Loch W, Worthy K, Ireland F.Sixteen non-pregnant pony mares were divided into four groups of similar age and bodyweight (bwt). Groups were randomly assigned to one of four treatments consisting of oral administration of perphenazine (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg bwt, phenothiazine (10 mg/kg bwt) and a control group. Blood samples were taken by jugular venepuncture and plasma prolactin concentrations measured using an homologous assay for equine prolactin. Analysis of variance was conducted on data designed as a split plot over time. Perphenazine given orally (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg bwt) increased plasma prolactin concentrations when mea...
Steffey EP, Kelly AB, Hodgson DS, Grandy JL, Woliner MJ, Willits N.Cardiovascular and respiratory functions were serially characterized in 7 healthy, spontaneously breathing, adult horses (from which food had been withheld) during 5 hours of constant 1.06% alveolar halothane (end-expired halothane concentration of 1.06%; equivalent to 1.2 times the minimal alveolar anesthetic concentration for horses). To enable comparison of temporal results in relation to 2 body postures, horses were studied in lateral recumbency (LR) and dorsal recumbency (DR) on separate occasions. Temporal changes in results of measures of circulation previously reported from this labora...
Gleed RD, Dobson A, Hackett RP.In the quietly standing horse the bronchial arterial blood flow is low, 0.1-0.2% of the pulmonary arterial flow. In horses anaesthetized with halothane, the bronchial arterial flow is reduced by a greater fraction than that in the pulmonary artery. Thus the shunting through the bronchial circulation is decreased about 3-fold by anaesthesia, and cannot, therefore, contribute significantly to the increased alveolar-arterial gradient seen in dorsal recumbency. The results indicate bronchial vasoconstriction under anaesthesia.
Kihm U, Ackermann M.The objective of the present review was to summarize current knowledge of African horse sickness (AHS), based on available literature (which is nonetheless relatively scant) and recent information obtained from the O.I.E. Brief description is made of the biology of AHS virus (an arbovirus, transmitted by Culicoides imicola), isolation of the agent, diagnosis by serotyping procedures, and preventive measures (such as protection of horses from insect infestation, or vaccination programs) which may be taken. The recent outbreaks in Spain, Portugal, and Morocco, have demonstrated that much more re...
Palmieri G, Sanna L, Asole A, Farina V, Bo Minelli L.The origin and course of the collateral sesamoidean (suspensory navicular) ligament of the horse and ass and its attachment to the distal sesamoid bone were studied by means of dissection. Particular attention was given to the topographic relations between this ligament and the deep digital flexor tendon. Numerous sensitive nerve endings are present in this anatomical district. The free and encapsulated nerve endings, displayed by impregnating techniques, are mostly concentrated in the ligament tract connected to the above-named tendon and close to its attachment to the distal sesamoid angle. ...
Watson ED, Sertich PL.Corpora lutea (CL) were collected from mares during early (Day 4-5), mid- (Day 8-9), and late (Day 12-13) dioestrus. Dispersed cell suspensions were obtained by enzymic digestion of tissue. Two distinct luteal cell populations (large and small) were observed. The proportion of small luteal cells significantly increased as age of CL advanced. Cells (2 x 10(6)) from CL which were incubated for 24 h secreted prostaglandin (PG) F, PGE-2 and 6-keto-PGF-1 alpha (the stable metabolite of prostacyclin). Higher concentrations of all PGs were produced by cells from CL at early dioestrus than from those ...
Lavoie JP, Madigan JE, Cullor JS, Powell WE.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of experimentally induced sublethal endotoxaemia in equine neonates. Four foals, between two and five days of age, were infused intravenously with 0.5 microgram/kg bodyweight of Salmonella typhimurium endotoxin (LPS) over a 5 h period. A four-day-old and a five-day-old foal, similarly infused with sterile isotonic saline, served as controls. Clinical signs were monitored, blood samples obtained for evaluation of selected haematological and biochemical parameters; and haemodynamic parameters were recorded hourly during the infusion, as well ...
Shams el Din HE, el Nasri M.Seventeen isolates (4.27%) were recovered from 398 samples. Twelve isolates (4%) were obtained from 300 donkey nasal swabs, three (4.3%) and two (6.89%) isolates were recovered from 69 horse nasal swabs and 29 mare uterine washings, respectively. Nine isolates were lost during storage at -20 degrees C and the remaining eight were identified as mycoplasmas and their biological, biochemical and serological reactions were investigated. The isolates could be divided into two groups on the basis of glucose fermentation and arginine hydrolysis. The first group neither fermented glucose nor hydrolyse...
Young DW, Smyth GB.The predominant form of gastrin in the antral mucosa of the stomach of virtually all species previously examined is the 17 amino acid peptide little gastrin (G17). This report describes the occurrence in equine antral mucosa of an immunoreactive form of gastrin with elution properties on Sephadex G-50 superfine similar to human unsulfated big gastrin (G34-I). This putative equine big gastrin was a major component of the gastrin immunoreactivity present. A second peak of activity in equine antral mucosa eluted in an identical manner to human little gastrin (hG17-I). Inhibition curves of equine ...
van den Heuvel LP, van den Born J, Veerkamp JH, Janssen GH, van de Velden TJ, Monnens LA, Schröder CH, Berden JH.1. Proteoglycans extracted from human and equine glomerular basement membranes (GBM) were purified by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 2. The glycoconjugates had an apparent molecular mass of 200-400 kDa and consisted of 75% protein and 25% glycosaminoglycan. Glycosidase and HNO2 treatment and the amino sugar and sulfate composition of both proteoglycan preparations identified heparan sulfate (HS) as the predominant saccharide chain. 3. Hydrolysis with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid yielded comparable core proteins with molecular masses of ca 160 and 120 kDa. 4. The HS chains had...
Pringle JK, Ducharme NG, Baird JD.Ureterovesicular anastomosis resulted in resolution of the clinical signs of urinary incontinence in three horses with unilateral ectopic ureter. Follow-up of two of the horses ten months and three years later indicated no further urinary tract problems; the third horse died four days after surgery from intestinal infarction.Diagnosis can be readily confirmed by antegrade or retrograde ureterography, or endoscopic visualization of the ectopic ureteral openings. Nephrectomy appears indicated in cases of unilateral ectopic ureter with associated ipsilateral urinary tract infection or hydronephro...
Erzinclioglu YZ.The unusual structure of the mouth hooks of the third instar larvae of the species of Gasterophilus and Gyrostigma, parasites of the alimentary canal of Equideae and Rhinocerotidae respectively, is described.
Stasiak K, Dunowska M, Rola J.Equine rhinitis A (ERAV) and B (ERBV) viruses are respiratory pathogens with worldwide distribution. The current study aimed to determine the frequency of infection of ERAV and ERBV among horses and foals at Polish national studs, and to determine genetic variability within the viruses obtained. Virus-specific quantitative RT-PCR assays targeting a 5' untranslated region were used to screen nasal swabs collected from 621 horses at 16 national horse studs from throughout Poland, including 553 healthy horses and 68 horses with respiratory disease. A partial DNA polymerase gene was amplified and ...
Kreuzer L, Naber A, Zink R, Millesi E, Palme R, Hediger K, Glenk LM.Research on equine-assisted therapy (EAT) has primarily been centered on human health. Relatively few studies have addressed the impact of EAT on horses. This study sought to monitor four experienced therapy horses' cardiovascular and glucocorticoid activity over the course of standardized EAT sessions designed to support women with intellectual disability. In the control condition, horses completed the EAT protocol solely with the therapist, thereby resembling a training session. Descriptive data analysis revealed higher levels of heart rate during an experimental EAT session and increased sa...
Ferlini Agne G, Adamson K, McGlinchey L, Kravchuk O, Santos L, Schumacher J.Accuracy of a median nerve block is normally assessed by testing skin sensitivity on the medial and dorsal aspects of fetlock and pastern. The present study evaluated subjective and objective analysis of skin surface temperature obtained with two different infrared (IR) thermography cameras (a high-end [FLIR P640] and a smartphone IR thermography device [FLIR One®]) before and after anaesthesia of the median nerve. Thermographic images were obtained at 0, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after performing a median nerve block with 2% mepivacaine hydrochloride. The subjective analysis of thermographic ima...
Jacquay ET, Harris PA, Adams AA.It is unknown whether short-term transportation affects endocrine responses similarly in horses with and without insulin dysregulation (ID). Objective: To characterise the effect of short-term transportation on stress parameters and insulin responses to an oral sugar test (OST) in horses with and without ID. Methods: Longitudinal cohort study. Methods: Fourteen adult non-pregnant, non-PPID mares of mixed light breeds were grouped as either ID (n = 7) or non-ID (n = 7) based on endocrine testing. Over 2 weeks, horses were transported once, in groups of 3-4 in a horse trailer on a roun...
Martínez-Sáez L, Pala S, Marín-García PJ, Llobat L.Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic zoonoses and represents a significant health risk for humans, especially for immunodeficient patients. The main transmission route is by oral uptake of oocysts and consumption of undercooked meat of infected animals. Different species have been evaluated as possible reservoirs of the parasite, but few studies have been carried out to examine the role of horses in transmission of the disease. Given the proximity of these animals to humans and the widespread consumption of their meat in many countries, including the Mediterranean basin, it is imp...
Fiedler JM, Ayre ML, Rosanowski S, Slater JD.Anthropomorphizing can misinform the making of inferences about animal mental experiences. This is a consideration when implementing the Five Domains Model for animal welfare assessment. An online survey run in 2021 captured horse sector participants' perspectives about anthropomorphism and wellbeing in relation to horses. Most respondents, 82.9% ( = 431/520), believed that anthropomorphism could influence horse welfare and wellbeing. These respondents were then asked how, in their opinion, anthropomorphism might relate to horse welfare. A thematic analysis identified two themes: (1) 'Anthropo...
Tyrnenopoulou P, Tsilipounidaki K, Florou Z, Gkountinoudis CG, Tyropoli K, Starras A, Peleki C, Marneris D, Arseniou N, Lianou DT, Katsarou EI....The objectives of this study were (a) to detect zoonotic gastrointestinal pathogens in faecal samples of horses using the FilmArray GI Panel and (b) to identify variables potentially associated with their presence. Faecal samples collected from 224 horses obtained during a countrywide study in Greece were tested by means of the BioFire FilmArray Gastrointestinal (GI) Panel, which uses multiplex-PCR technology for the detection of 22 pathogens. Gastrointestinal pathogens were detected in the faecal samples obtained from 97 horses (43.3%). Zoonotic pathogens were detected more frequently in samp...
Best ATK, Morgan JM, Burgy CLD, Flynn H, Barter LS, Cassano JM.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of including midazolam to a common equine standing sedation protocol for routine oral examination. Twelve horses underwent two examinations at least seven days apart. Horses were randomly assigned to receive midazolam intravenously (IV) (0.02mg/kg) or a placebo injection of saline (2-2.5mL IV). Five minutes later, detomidine (0.01mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.01mg/kg) were administered IV and horses were placed in standing stocks. A veterinarian blinded to the treatment protocol used a descriptive scoring system to assess degree of ataxia, acceptance of spe...
Bayless RL, Cooper BL, Sheats MK.Colic is a common and potentially life-threatening condition in horses; in many cases, it remains challenging for clinicians to determine the cause, appropriate treatment, and prognosis. One approach that could improve patient care and outcomes is identification of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a biomarker that shows promise for characterizing disease severity and predicting survival in humans with acute abdominal pain or requiring emergency abdominal surgery. In horses, we recently determined that extracted plasma cfDNA concentrations are elevated...
Navarrete-López P, Asselstine V, Maroto M, Lombó M, Cánovas Á, Gutiérrez-Adán A.RNA molecules within ejaculated sperm can be characterized through whole-transcriptome sequencing, enabling the identification of pivotal transcripts that may influence reproductive success. However, the profiling of sperm transcriptomes through next-generation sequencing has several limitations impairing the identification of functional transcripts. In this study, we explored the nature of the RNA sequences present in the sperm transcriptome of two livestock species, cattle and horses, using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. Through processing of transcriptomic data derived from bovine and...
da Silva NV, Bernardino Júnior R, Nomelini QSS, Pereira GF, Delfiol DJZ, Nogueira GM.The passive stay apparatus works by blocking flexion of the knee and tarsus joints in the horse, preventing muscle fatigue. During ambulation, if this mechanism fails to release, the animal will present upward fixation of the patella, which in severe cases, can only be treated by medial patellar desmotomy (MPD). The objective of this study was to investigate the possible electromyographic and behavioral changes, after the impairment of the passive stay apparatus, in horses who have undergone MPD surgery. Five horses presenting dorsal fixation of the patella underwent electromyographic measurem...
Lee S, Shin KY, Lee K, Seo JP.Few studies have investigated the adequate contrast enhancement (CE) evaluation depending on concentration, volume, and rate of administration of contrast media (CM) and the scan parameters in equine contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT). Objective: To investigate CE of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) and veins depending on the computed tomography (CT) voltage and concentration, volume, and rate of CM administration during intra-arterial CECT of equine distal forelimbs. Methods: In vivo experiments. Methods: Six horses underwent 54 CT scans. First, the CE of DDFT and veins was eva...
Zemek CHK, Kemp KL, Bertin FR.Characterizing the lipid response to an oral glucose test (OGT) might improve our understanding of Equine Metabolic Syndrome. Objective: To describe the effects of an OGT on lipid metabolism and determine the value of measuring triglyceride and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations in hyperinsulinemic (HI) and insulin-resistant (IR) horses. Methods: Twenty horses including 7 HI-IR horses, 4 HI-non-IR horses, and 9 non-HI-non-IR horses (control). Methods: Cross-sectional design. Horses underwent an OGT, with blood samples collected at 0, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Insulin, glucose, tri...
Duderstadt S, Distl O.The objectives of the present study were to analyze the influence of the stallions employed in the Dülmen wild horses on the genetic diversity and population substructure using Bayesian cluster analysis. The Dülmen wild horse is maintained as a unique horse population exposed to the natural conditions all year round in the Merfelder Bruch near Dülmen in Westphalia, Germany. Stallions selected for breeding have to prove their abilities to survive under this harsh environment. We used multilocus genotypic information from a set of 29 autosomal microsatellites to determine the paternity of 185...
Maier I, Kienzle E.The aims of the present meta-analysis were (i) to re-evaluate the factorially calculated Ca, P and Mg requirements to replace endogenous faecal losses, taking new data into account, (ii) to identify potential differences between horses and ponies regarding requirements, apparent digestibility, serum levels and renal excretion of Ca, P and Mg and (iii) to investigate the influence of mineral sources, i.e., "inorganic" sources from added mineral salts and "organic" sources from feed plants. For P, the water solubility of "inorganic" sources was taken into consideration. Data on the aforementione...
Feugang JM, Gad A, Menjivar NG, Ishak GM, Gebremedhn S, Gastal MO, Dlamini NH, Prochazka R, Gastal EL, Tesfaye D.Ovarian follicular fluid (FF) is a dynamic environment that changes with the seasons, affecting follicle development, ovulation, and oocyte quality. Cells in the follicles release tiny particles called extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing vital regulatory molecules, such as microRNAs (miRNAs). These miRNAs are pivotal in facilitating communication within the follicles through diverse signaling and information transfer forms. EV-coupled miRNA signaling is implicated to be associated with ovarian function, follicle and oocyte growth and response to various environmental insults. Herein, we in...
Bazzano M, Marchegiani A, La Gualana F, Petriti B, Petrucelli M, Accorroni L, Laus F.Many horses exhibit stereotypies, especially when living in human controlled environments that may prevent horses from satisfying natural needs in terms of feeding, drinking, moving, and socializing. In human medicine, obsessive compulsive disorder and other severe psychiatric disturbances are associated with stereotypic behaviors; salivary biomarkers evaluation is considered a reliable tool for diagnosis of common mental health disorders because saliva collection easy to obtain and noninvasive. In this study, we hypothesized that salivary cortisol concentrations, in addition to alpha-amylase ...
Böswald LF, Gottschalk C, Kaltner F, Merk J, Schwaiger K, Kienzle E.While previous reports come mostly from the southern Americas, several outbreaks of hypersalivation in horses were observed in Middle Europe from 2016 to 2018. Objective: To describe feed-induced hypersalivation in European horses. Methods: Analysis of feedstuffs. Methods: Veterinarians and horse or stable owners were encouraged to submit feedstuffs from case outbreaks of hypersalivation in which, infectious diseases or other systemic causes of the syndrome were ruled out and intoxication was suspected. Feedstuff analysis was performed, including gross examination, microscopic analysis of fine...
Frontiers in geneticsOctober 29, 2024
Volume 15 1455790 doi: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1455790
Harari S, Deretz S, Dumont Saint Priest B, Richard E, Ricard A.In order to find early selection criteria to improve the longevity of show jumping horses, a specific protocol was designed. Unassigned: Before entering competition, young horses selected from extreme stallions for longevity were measured for many traits, including blood parameters. Blood samples were taken from 952 horses aged 2-4 years old, sired by two groups of stallions: one with unfavorable (U) and the other with favorable (F) extreme estimated breeding values for functional longevity. These breeding values were previously calculated from data on 202,320 horses that participated in show...
Sidwell AE, Duz M, Hill B, Freeman S, Hole SL.Dental disease is a common but often under-recognised condition in horses, possibly due to an inability to recognise clinical signs of oral discomfort. Some dental disorders are reportedly more painful than others, but there is no current metric by which dental pain can be objectively assessed. This study aimed to determine whether a facial expression-based pain scale offered an objective and reliable method for assessing dental pain in horses. It was hypothesised that dental disorders affecting the periodontium would produce high pain scores. Twelve horses with dental disease were evaluated f...
Robert MP, Buyck C, Tricaud C, Cousty M, Pujol R.To report a radical surgical technique for perianal melanomas involving the anal margin in standing horses. Methods: Observational retrospective study. Methods: Twenty client-owned horses presented for surgical excision of extensive (≥4 cm) perianal melanomas. Methods: Demographic data, surgical technique, intraoperative, immediate- and late-postoperative complications were reviewed. Results: All horses (median age 15, Q1-Q3 12 to 17.3 years) were operated under standing sedation and epidural anesthesia. Median hospitalization period was 6.5 days (Q1-Q3 5 to 8.3 days). The anal margi...
Calewaert A, Palarea-Albaladejo J, Coultous R, Capewell P, Hanks E, Decloedt A, van Loon G.MicroRNA (miRNA) has previously been used as a biomarker for cardiac disease in humans and dogs, however, studies in horses are not yet available. Objective: To determine if adult horses with moderate or severe mitral valve regurgitation have a different serum miRNA expression profile compared to healthy controls. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional. Methods: Serum samples from 77 adult horses with moderate or severe mitral valve regurgitation and 77 healthy control horses were analysed using a commercial cardiac disease-specific miRNA panel previously used in dogs. Results: The commercial ...
Muñoz-Prieto A, Rubić I, Rešetar Maslov D, González-Sánchez JC, Mrljak V, Cerón JJ, Hansen S.Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is a common condition in horses. This study explores the use of liquid proteomics to identify new biomarkers in saliva and serum to monitor EGUS treatment. The proteomes of horses with EGUS before and after a successful treatment with omeprazole were analysed. In saliva, 503 proteins were identified, with 7 upregulated and 6 downregulated post-treatment. Among the proteins that changed, there was an increase in vimentin, linked to wound healing, and a decrease in podocalyxin, associated with tissue damage. In serum, 206 proteins were found, with significant...
Ostermeier S, Palme R, Vervuert I, Glomm B, Feige K, Macho-Maschler S, König von Borstel U, Venner M.In this study, gastroscopy was performed twice in 31 two-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses in training. Salivary cortisol (SC) and fecal cortisol metabolite (FCM) concentrations were determined to measure the stress impact. One gastroscopy was performed at the beginning and one six months later at the end of the horses' first training season. According to the Wilcoxon signed rank test, a mild but significant increase of SC (1st gastroscopy: = 0.0045, 2nd gastroscopy: < 0.0001) and FCM (1st gastroscopy: < 0.0001, 2nd gastroscopy: = 0.0006) values after gastroscopy compared to basal val...
Bozzola C, Sala G, Schinardi L, Stancari G, Stucchi L, Ferrucci F, Zucca E.Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH) is a common pulmonary disease among racehorses, diagnosed by the detection of blood in the trachea after strenuous exercise or the presence of hemosiderophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Although the latter is considered the most sensitive method to diagnose EIPH, it is perceived as a less practical and more invasive procedure compared to tracheal wash (TW) collection among racehorse trainers. The present retrospective study aimed to verify the agreement between Tracheal wash and BALF cytology in assessing EIPH in racehorses. For th...
Ammons DT, Chow L, Goodrich L, Bass L, Larson B, Williams ZJ, Stoneback JW, Dow S, Pezzanite LM.Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major source of pain and disability worldwide. Understanding of disease progression is evolving, but OA is increasingly thought to be a multifactorial disease in which the innate immune system plays a role in regulating and perpetuating low-grade inflammation. The aim of this study was to enhance our understanding of OA immunopathogenesis through characterization of the transcriptomic responses in OA joints, with the goal to facilitate the development of targeted therapies. Unassigned: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was completed on cells isolated from the syno...
Massie S, Léguillette R, Bayly W, Sides R, Zuluaga-Cabrera AM.Workload associated with the high frequency Colombian Paso Fino gait has not been evaluated. Objective: To determine the oxygen consumption (V̇O), heart rate (HR), stride frequency: breathing ratio, and hematology associated with the Paso Fino gait, including whether exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) occurs. Methods: Eleven Paso Fino horses. Methods: Prospective cohort study. Horses performed a standardized Paso Fino gait test across a wooden sounding board, simulating competition. V̇O and ventilatory parameters (tidal volume [V]; peak inspiratory and expiratory airflows [PkV̇, P...
Holmes CM, Wagner B.Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) enters through the upper respiratory tract (URT). Mucosal immunity at the URT is crucial in limiting viral infection and morbidity. Here, intranasal immune cells were collected from horses (n = 15) during an experimental EHV-1 infection. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were the major intranasal cell populations before infection and increased significantly by day six and fourteen post-infection, respectively. Nasal mucosal T cells were further characterized in healthy horses. Compared to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), mucosal CD8+ T-cell percentages were elev...
Eren G, López-Albors O, Guilabert Segura R, Jordan Montesinos J, Latorre R.The accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon (AL-DDFT) plays a crucial role in the stay apparatus of the horse. This study aimed to investigate the anatomical relationship between the AL-DDFT, the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), and other structures in the metacarpal region. Sixteen distal forelimbs from eight horses, aged 1 to 6 years, were evaluated through macroscopic, microscopic, and morphometric analyses, utilizing detailed dissection, E12 plastinated sections, and histological analysis. During lateral dissection, a connection was observed between the AL-DDFT and th...
Koziy RV, Katselis GS, Yoshimura S, Simko E, Bracamonte JL.Prompt diagnosis of equine septic arthritis is crucial for successful treatment. Serum amyloid A (SAA) has been suggested as a reliable biomarker. However, we previously found that synovial fluid SAA increases in nonaffected joints of horses with septic arthritis. We hypothesized that systemic SAA may leak into the nonaffected joints. If this is the case, we also hypothesized that locally produced joint SAA isoforms may be better candidates for septic arthritis biomarkers. Thus, our objectives were 1) to evaluate the temporal kinetics of systemic and synovial fluid SAA in horses with septic ar...
