Topic:Medical Research
Medical research involving horses encompasses the study of equine health, diseases, and physiological processes to improve veterinary care and management practices. This field explores various aspects such as equine anatomy, pharmacology, pathology, and genetics. Research often focuses on understanding diseases that affect horses, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. It also investigates the development of diagnostic tools, therapeutic interventions, and preventive measures. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that investigate the pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of diseases in horses, providing insights into advancements in equine medical science.
Respiratory applications for the future: one perspective. Respiratory diagnostic instruments previously available only to referral centers should be converted into miniature, portable, wireless medical devices for use in practice. Internet and wireless connections of these instruments should expedite the process of seeking second opinions and in general information sharing. We are moving into a world of greater objectivity that should free us from speculation in some areas, yet open new avenues for research and innovation in others.
Development and testing of a modular strain measurement clip. A novel, multi-use, low-stiffness and low-cost transducer for measuring in vitro strains has been developed and tested. Currently available strain measurement methods are either too expensive, too complicated or too inflexible for multi-use strain measurement. The stainless-steel modular strain measurement clip introduced here was instrumented with four 350 Omega axial strain gauges in a full Wheatstone bridge configuration to take advantage of commonly available strain gauge amplifier equipment. Adjustable extension arms were designed to allow greater application versatility. The clip was cal...
Ankle-foot orthoses: effect on gait in children with cerebral palsy. In this study our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of Ankle-Foot Orthoses (AFOs) on gait function in patients with spastic cerebral palsy for whom orthoses were indicated to control dynamic equines deformity. Methods: Twenty-four spastic cerebral palsied patients with dynamic equines deformity were included in the study. Videotape recordings were performed to each patient on the same day with barefoot and AFOs. Temporal distance factors including velocity, cadence, stride length, stride width and Clinical Gait Assessment Score (CGAS) were compared across two conditions. Results: The use o...
The new conundrum: do estrogens have any cardiovascular benefits? Clearly, a new era has begun, with increasing numbers of the scientific/medical community asking whether estrogens have any cardiovascular benefits. Doubts have arisen from two randomized prospective trials. The Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (women who were generally beyond 65 years of age with preexisting coronary heart disease) found no benefit in reducing coronary events by a combination of estrogens and a progestin. Later, the Estrogen Replacement Atherosclerosis Trial reported that no benefit could be shown for either conjugated equine estrogens only or the combined thera...
Effect of continuous and sequential oral estrogen-progestogen replacement regimens on postmenopausal bone loss: a 2-year prospective study. The aim of the present study was to determine whether assignment to continuous estrogen-progestin therapy is more effective in protecting against bone loss than assignment to a sequential regimen. Methods: A total of 104 postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to one of two groups of treatment, Conjugated Equine Estrogens and Medroxyprogestin without interruption (continuous group) and Conjugated Equine Estrogens over 25 days with Medroxyprogestin beyond the 14th day (sequential group). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at inclusion, 12 and 24 months later by dual energy X-ray absorp...
Equine nuclear scintigraphy. Indications, uses, and techniques. The demand for advanced and correlative imaging methods in equine medicine is growing. Scintigraphy can provide unique information about the physiologic status of an animal that cannot be discerned by other imaging modalities.
Pathogenic aspects of circulatory shock. Shock has been described and defined by the inciting cause. This method of categorization does little to clarify common pathophysiologic changes known to occur regardless of the etiology. Each type of shock involves different stages that are determined by the inciting cause, its duration, severity of the initial result, susceptibility of the patient, and adequacy of treatment.
Historical highlights in cardiac pacing. The benchmarks in cardiac pacing are identified, beginning with F. Steiner (1871), who rhythmically stimulated the chloroform-arrested hearts of 3 horses, 1 donkey, 10 dogs, 14 cats, and 8 rabbits. The chloroform-arrested heart in human subjects was paced by T. Greene in the following year (1872) in the UK. In 1882, H. Ziemssen in Germany applied cardiac pacing to a 42-year old woman who had a large defect in the anterior left chest wall subsequent to resection of an enchondroma. Intentional cardiac pacing did not occur until 1932, when A.A. Hyman in the US demonstrated that cardiac pacing cou...
Central nervous system trauma. Traumatic injury to the central nervous system causes immediate damage and sets in motion a complex series of pathophysiologic events that result in further neuronal injury. This secondary damage seems to be related to changes in blood flow and pressure on a systemic, regional, and microvascular level. Currently, there is evidence that these changes are, in part, mediated by endogenous opioids and arachidonic acid metabolites, namely thromboxane A2. Medical management is generally designed to intervene at one or more stages in this secondary cascade of events. Further research should lead us t...
The actual cautery — myth and reality in the art of firing. The historical development of "firing" as a treatment for various complaints in animals and man is followed from the first surviving written account by Vegetius (approximately AD 500) to the present day. Changing concepts as to the mechanism of action of the actual cautery are examined in relation to physiological understanding at various times and conflicting views and evident fallacies are discussed. It is of particular interest that firing of "sinewes" (tendons and ligaments) was expressly forbidden until the 18th century. It is concluded that "firing" is an outmoded practice for which ther...
Possible modification of scar tissue by biochemical methods. This paper reviews some of the biochemical modifications involved in fibrous tissue formation and discusses possible ways of controlling fibrosis in clinical conditions. The lathyritic agents, beta-aminoproprionitrile (BAPN) and penicillamine, appear in certain situations to be able to control fibrosis by blocking the biosynthesis of collagen. There are no compounds that are yet known which are capable of reversing pre-existing fibrosis and future research may perhaps be more profitably directed towards the stimulation of collagen catabolism rather than the inhibition of its synthesis.
Electromagnetic blood flowmeters and flow probes: theoretic and practical considerations. Electromagnetic blood flowmeters and flow probes are used to measure blood flow in blood vessels throughout the circulatory system. The principle of this measuring device is based on laws of electromagnetic induction discovered in the 19th century. The instrument has been predominantly used in research, but is presently used in human cardiovascular units to measure blood flow in blood vessels, and in prosthesis in conjection with cardiovascular surgical procedures. Electromagnetic flow equipment provides the most accurate measurement (in vivo) of blood flow available, both for acute and chroni...
[Hippotherapy in multiple sclerosis (author’s transl)]. No abstract available
Flow rates from an intermittent positive pressure breathing-anesthetic delivery apparatus for horses. Inspiratory flow rates were measured and compared in an equine intermittent positive pressure breathing-anesthesia delivery apparatus powered by a positive phase ventilator, a positive-negative phase ventilator, and a modified positive phase ventilator with automatic flow acceleration at driving pressures of 2,600, 4,400, and 5,200 mm of Hg (50, 85, and 100 psi). The last-named apparatus consistently produced the highest flows for a given ventilator setting and driving pressure. Regardless of the unit used, the greater driving pressures and high ventilator range settings produced the greatest ...
Seven years’ experience with antilymphoblast globulin for renal transplantation from cadaver donors. Antibody of the IgGab type can be isolated from horses immunized with cultured human lymphoblasts plus complete Freund's adjuvant. The essential steps for the production of a safe, potent anti-human lymphoblast globulin (ALG) are: A) the use of early bleedings after immunization to reduce the titer of antibodies which react with red blood cells and platelets; B) careful absorption with human red blood cell stroma and platelets; C) stabilization with non-crystalline silica dioxide; D) chromatography through QAE sephadex to remove pyrogens, microaggregates and possible inhibitors of ALG activity...
Plasmapheresis of horses by extracorporeal circulation of blood. A simple apparatus is described for the collection of plasma from horses while maintaining their blood in extracorporeal circulation. Using this device, nearly 2.5 kg of plasma protein was collected from a horse during a period of 3 weeks without any obvious adverse effect upon the animal. The blood’s packed cell volume showed little variation throughout this period, although its content of plasma protein was found to fall. The normal plasma protein level was almost completely re-established after 3 weeks rest. A horse immunized with tetanus toxoid and subjectcd to repeated cycles of plasmap...