Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Trauma
Trauma in horses encompasses physical injuries resulting from accidents, falls, or other external forces. These injuries can range from minor cuts and bruises to severe fractures and internal damage. Trauma can affect various systems within the horse, including the musculoskeletal, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems. The response to trauma involves complex physiological processes, including inflammation and tissue repair. Veterinary assessment and management of equine trauma often require a multidisciplinary approach to address immediate care and long-term recovery. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the causes, effects, and treatment strategies for trauma in horses, providing insights into diagnostic techniques, therapeutic interventions, and rehabilitation practices.
[Lens-induced uveitis (endophthalmitis phakoanaphylactica) in domestic animals]. In this paper ophthalmological and clinical results as well as the literature on lens-induced uveitis (LIU), a relatively unknown pathological syndrome in domestic animals, are presented. Out of all ocular material sent to the Institute of Pathology, GSF, from 1970 until 1990 (n = 864), 40 individual cases of LIU (14 cases in dogs, 13 in cats, 10 in rabbits, 1 in a horse and 2 in birds) were diagnosed. The histology of the eyes of the cases is characterized by a lesion of the lens capsule and a consequent reactive phacogenic inflammation of the anterior segment of the eye in the region of the ...
Equine coxofemoral luxations: 17 cases (1975-1990). The medical records of 17 horses with coxofemoral luxation were examined. Ponies and miniature horses were overrepresented. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 7 years (range 1 month to 25 years). Seventy percent were female. Severe trauma, such as a fall or being kicked by another horse, was a common etiology. Thirty-five percent had other orthopedic injuries associated with the luxation. Closed reduction, with the use of a mechanically assisted calving device, was attained in 5 cases but reluxation occurred shortly afterward in 4 of these. Varying surgical techniques were used in 3 cas...
Standing surgery and procedures of the head. Although most surgical procedures of the head are technically easier to perform with the horse under general anesthesia, other factors will influence whether a surgical procedure is performed with the horse standing or recumbent under the influence of general anesthesia. The accessibility of the head lends itself to many standing surgical procedures if the proper combination of analgesia and physical and chemical restraint is used. Traumatic injuries of the head (lacerations, facial bone fractures, and oral fractures) may involve vital structures, and a thorough examination is indicated. Failu...
Traumatic injuries involving tendons of the distal limbs in horses: a retrospective study of 55 cases. Fifty-five horses were presented to Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 1st of January 1980 and 31st of December 1989 for treatment of distal limb lacerations involving flexor tendons (n = 35) or extensor tendons (n = 20). Of the 35 flexor tendon lacerations, 11 horses were killed without treatment and 24 horses were treated. Twenty-two horses were included in determining outcome. Four (18 per cent) returned to their original level of use, nine (41 per cent) returned to limited riding, seven (32 per cent) returned to breeding or pasture soundness and two (9 per cent)...
T-plate repair of fracture of the nasal bones in a horse. A 5-hole T-plate was used to repair an unstable compound depression fracture of the nasal bones in a horse. Substantial bone loss was evident as a result of severe trauma. Satisfactory bone healing, facial contour, and airway function were achieved. The use of a T-plate can be an alternative means of repair of a nasal bone fracture in a situation in which instability and/or bone loss exists.
Osteochondrosis in the horse–searching for the key to pathogenesis. This paper reviews current developments in equine osteochondrosis complex and the clinical syndromes associated with it. Although the primary lesion has been defined as a failure of endochondral ossification, its definitive cause is unknown and appears to involve heredity, growth rate, nutrition, mineral imbalance, endocrinological dysfunction and biomechanical trauma. Despite the international importance of osteochondrosis in horses, surprisingly few controlled investigations have been performed on its pathogenesis. The studies that have been conducted suggest that local effects on differenti...
Conservative treatment of an incomplete longbone fracture of a hindlimb of four horses. Four horses with an incomplete fracture of a hindlimb longbone were examined. In two, the tibia had been fractured by external trauma. In the other two horses proximal metatarsal 3 had fractured during normal activity. The diagnoses were made radiographically and the horses were treated conservatively by box rest. The fractures healed satisfactorily and the horses became sound.
Two-dimensional echocardiographically guided pericardiocentesis in a horse with traumatic pericarditis. Two-dimensional echocardiographic (2DE) examination was performed on a horse with clinical signs of pericardial effusion. Thickening of the pericardium, excess amount of pericardial fluid, elevation of the cardiac apex, and right ventricular compression, characteristic of cardiac tamponade, could be seen on 2DE recordings. Fibrinous pericarditis was suspected by observation of fibrinous strands in the pericardial fluid and epicardial fibrin deposits. Echocardiographically guided pericardiocentesis was performed, and 4 L of fluid was removed from the pericardial sac. Streptococcus zooepidemicus...
Head trauma in two horses. The initial clinical signs displayed by two horses with head trauma are described and related to the pathology and management of the condition, to illustrate the diversity of signs that may result from similar events. It is suggested that careful repeated neurological investigations are more reliable prognostic indicators in cases of equine head trauma than a reliance on the initial assessment.
Intracranial trauma associated with extraction of a temporal ear tooth (dentigerous cyst) in a horse. Heterotopic polyodontia is typically associated with a sinus and a fistulous tract with a secreting membrane which extends to an ectopic tooth attached to the temporal bone. Recommendations for treatment include complete excision of the tract, the dental component, and the lining of the alveolar socket. Iatrogenic cerebral trauma was encountered during surgical extraction of an ectopic tooth. At post-mortem examination a second ectopic tooth was found compressing the right side of the cerebellum.
[The injury pattern in horseback riding]. Injuries are relatively rare in horse riding compared to other sports, but when they occur they are rather severe and dangerous: about 40% of the injured suffer from fractures, for instance and only 15% from sprains. About 20% have to be admitted to the hospital. Roughly 30% of the injuries involve the arm and 7.5%-10% the spine. The head is injured in 20%, the brain in 8% and the lower extremity in only about 20%. That means that the majority of injuries involve the upper half of the body. One quarter of all lethal sport injuries are caused by horse riding.
Cerebrospinal fluid creatine kinase activity in horses with central nervous system disease: 69 cases (1984-1989). The CSF creatine kinase (CK) activity was determined in 70 CSF samples from 69 horses with CNS disease. Abnormal values (greater than or equal to 1 IU/L) were determined from 32 CSF samples, and normal values (less than 1 IU/L) were found in 38 samples. Increased CK activity was most frequently associated with a diagnosis of equine protozoal myelitis; CK activity was not increased in 11 horses with cervical compressive myelopathy. Other diagnoses, in which CSF CK activity was increased included trauma (n = 1), idiopathic epilepsy (n = 2), botulism (n = 2), articular facet fracture (n = 1), int...
Surgical repair of ruptured trachea in a horse. An Arabian mare was referred with traumatically induced complete transection of the trachea. A temporary airway was established through the open wound at the site of the rupture. Resection of devitalized tissue including 3 tracheal ring segments, and anastomosis of the tracheal ends was subsequently performed under general anesthesia. Wound healing was complicated by a peritracheal abscess, which responded successfully to drainage and antibiotic administration.
Traumatic disruption of the suspensory apparatus in foals. Traumatic disruption of the suspensory apparatus is a catastrophic injury in the horse. Although this injury has been described in the adult, little information is available in the foal. This paper describes 3 foals with metacarpophalangeal joint instability caused by traumatic disruption of the suspensory apparatus. Two foals had biaxial proximal sesamoid fractures in a single forelimb, and 1 foal had avulsion of the distal sesamoidean ligaments in 1 forelimb plus biaxial proximal sesamoid fractures in the other forelimb. The foals with single forelimb involvement were managed with splints, a...
Respiratory problems in the racehorse. Racetracks are ideal environments for the promotion of lower respiratory disease. The stabling is close and unclean, the population is nationally and internationally mobile, and the work the racehorse performs is traumatic to the respiratory tract. The running horse must complete a respiratory cycle with each stride. This relationship requires 130-150 breaths a minute in the running horse. Minute volume has been measured at 1300 L per minute and peak flow rates of 60 L/second in horses traveling at a modest 8 meters per second. As a comparison, the fastest running horse approaches 18 meters pe...
Intraocular silicone prostheses in a dog and a horse with corneal lacerations. Intraocular silicone prostheses were implanted in the eyes of a horse and a dog with traumatic corneal lacerations and protrusion of intraocular contents. Several months after surgery, the horse and dog were tolerating the intraocular prostheses, and the appearance was cosmetically acceptable. This contradicts earlier reports that have cited corneal disease as a contraindication for implantation of intraocular silicone prostheses.
Injuries in intercollegiate rodeo athletes. Collegiate rodeo athletes (N = 156) in the National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association (NIRA) Southern Region, were examined for injuries during a 7 month (10 rodeo) season from 1987 to 1988. Sixty-two athletes sustained a total of 138 acute injuries resulting from 3292 exposures. One hundred twenty-seven injuries (92% of total injuries) occurred in the roughstock and steer wrestling events, and 11 injuries (8%) occurred in the roping and female events. When calculating opportunity for injury, rodeo athletes face an 89% potential for injury per season. Ninety-one of the injuries incurred were u...
Common injuries in horseback riding. A review. The most common location of horse-related injuries is the upper extremity (24% to 61%) with injuries to the lower extremity second in frequency (36% to 40%). The head and face sustain 20% of horse-related injuries. The most common type of injury is a soft tissue injury (92% to 1%), followed by a fracture (57% to 3%). Concussion is the third most common type of injury (63% to 2%). The most frequent cause of hospitalisation is concussion (38% to 4%) with fracture second. The most common injury which leaves residual impairment is injury to the central nervous system. The age at which most injury ...
Second-intention healing. Second-intention healing (contraction and epithelization) is most appropriate for heavily traumatized, contaminated wounds that may have a prolonged debridement phase. Therapy during healing can promote rapid debridement and faster healing. Healing of lower limb wounds by second intention may be protracted, owing to poorer wound contraction and excessive granulation tissue production as compared with body wounds.
Management of traumatic tendon lacerations. This article deals with the diagnosis and treatment of tendon lacerations. Tendon healing, with its implications relative to treatment, is discussed. The various pros and cons of suturing severed tendons are addressed as well as methods of immobilizing the injured limb. The need for prompt diagnosis and aggressive treatment of tendon sheath injuries is also discussed.
[The pattern of riding injuries]. During the period from 1.1. to 31.12.1988, 104 patients with injuries resulting from riding or other forms of direct contact with horses were examined and treated in a casualty department in the County of Vejle. Antecedent data from these patients were collected. The majority of injuries occurred on falling from the horse and involved particularly the upper part of the body. The commonest injuries were bruises which did not require special treatment. The relationships between concussion, fracture of the humerus and fracture of the clavicle and riding were investigated by odds ratio. Much fewer...
Osteomyelitis of the calcaneus in horses: 28 cases (1972-1987). Medical records of 28 horses with osteomyelitis of the calcaneus were reviewed to evaluate signalment, history, diagnostic and treatment methods, outcome, and long-term follow-up information. Trauma was the most commonly reported cause (24). Physical examination revealed lameness in 27 horses, and 22 (79%) had a wound or draining tract over the plantar aspect of the calcaneus. Radiography of all horses was done prior to the initiation of treatment, and follow-up radiography was done on 20 horses. The most common radiographic findings were soft tissue swelling (25), bony lysis of the calcaneus ...
Sperm granuloma in a stallion. A 7-year-old stallion with a history of abdominal pain after it fell was examined and found to have a swelling of the right testis and epididymis. Semen evaluation revealed an increase in secondary sperm abnormalities. The stallion was unilaterally castrated. The histologic diagnosis was sperm granuloma, with no evidence of infection. Periductal fibrosis was observed and appeared to have developed before the trauma occurred. The changes seen could be compatible with chronic blockade of efferent ductules, resulting in extravasation of spermatozoa.
[Sonography in pleural effusion of horses]. Pleural effusion in the horse can be caused by diseases such as pneumonia, trauma, pulmonary abscesses and thoracic neoplasms. Besides clinical (auscultation, percussion) and radiographic diagnostic procedures, the ultrasonic examination represents a method that supplies detailed information on quantity and location of fluid in the pleural space. By means of ultrasonic examination the most favourable position for a thoracentesis can be determined. Control of thoracentesis' efficiency as well as exact supervision of the disease's course are made feasible by repeated sonographic examinations.
