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Topic:Veterinary Medicine

Veterinary medicine for horses encompasses the study and application of medical practices to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases in equine species. This field involves a comprehensive understanding of equine anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Veterinary practitioners employ a range of diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions to address health issues in horses, including lameness, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory conditions, and infectious diseases. Preventative care, such as vaccination and deworming programs, is also a significant aspect of equine veterinary medicine. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of veterinary medicine as it pertains to horses, including advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and preventive health strategies.
Effects of increased end-expiratory lung volume on breathing in awake ponies.
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)    February 1, 1991   Volume 70, Issue 2 715-725 doi: 10.1152/jappl.1991.70.2.715
Brice AG, Forster HV, Pan LG, Lowry TF, Murphy CL, Mead J.We studied the changes in breathing and respiratory muscle electromyograms (EMG) during passively induced increases in end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) in awake normal (N), hilar nerve-denervated (HND), carotid body-denervated (CBD), and HND + CBD ponies. EELV was increased by applying continuous negative pressure (-10 and -20 cmH2O) around the torso of the standing pony. In all groups, negative pressure produced sustained increases in EELV that were linearly related to the degree of negative pressure. Elevated EELV decreased breathing frequency (f) in N and CBD ponies but increased f in HND ...
[The effects of crude drugs using diuretic on horse kidney (Na+ + K+)-adenosine triphosphatase].
Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan    February 1, 1991   Volume 111, Issue 2 138-145 doi: 10.1248/yakushi1947.111.2_138
Satoh K, Yasuda I, Nagai F, Ushiyama K, Akiyama K, Kano I.In the folk-medicine, several kinds of crude drugs are used as diuretics. Twenty three kinds of diuretic drugs were chosen, and examined for their effects on the horse kidney (Na+ + K+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), which is an intrinsic enzyme of the plasma membrane and responsible for the active transport of Na+ and K+ across the membrane. Twenty one out of twenty three kinds of ethanol extracts of diuretic drugs inhibited the kidney (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity. The intensity of the inhibition of these drugs was compared by estimating the amounts of their ethanol extracts which inhibited...
[Symptomatology and diagnosis of Borna encephalitis of horses. A case analysis of the last 13 years].
Tierarztliche Praxis    February 1, 1991   Volume 19, Issue 1 68-73 
Grabner A, Fischer A.In a retrospective study of 38 horses with Borna encephalitis which were clinically and histopathologically examined in the "I. Medizinische Tierklinik" in Munich between 1977 and 1990, the epidemiology, the clinical symptomatic and the diagnostic procedures available are presented. Indirect immunofluorescence showed antibodies in the serum of 12 out of 29 cases (41%) and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 17 out of 28 cases (61%). The evaluation of 23 cases in which indirect immunofluorescence of serum and CSF, and also the post mortem virological and histopathological examination of the bra...
Biochemical study of repair of induced osteochondral defects of the distal portion of the radial carpal bone in horses by use of periosteal autografts.
American journal of veterinary research    February 1, 1991   Volume 52, Issue 2 328-332 
Vachon AM, McIlwraith CW, Keeley FW.Periosteal autografts were used for repair of large osteochondral defects in 10 horses aged 2 to 3 years old. In each horse, osteochondral defects measuring 1.0 x 1.0 cm2 were induced bilaterally on the distal articular surface of each radial carpal bone. Control and experimental defects were drilled. Periosteum was harvested from the proximal portion of the tibia and was glued into the principal defects, using a fibrin adhesive. Control defects were glued, but were not grafted. Sixteen weeks after the grafting procedure, the quality of the repair tissue of control and grafted defects was asse...
Atrial septal defect and atrial fibrillation in a foal.
The Veterinary record    January 26, 1991   Volume 128, Issue 4 80-81 doi: 10.1136/vr.128.4.80
Taylor FG, Wotton PR, Hillyer MH, Barr FJ, Lucke VM.Clinical examination of a four-and-a-half-month old foal revealed evidence of progressive heart failure associated with an atrial septal defect and atrial fibrillation. Atrial septal defects are rarely reported in foals and the foal's growth, development and demeanour were normal until a sudden onset of lethargic behaviour. The value of B-mode echocardiography in identifying the congenital lesion is indicated.
Determination of isoxsuprine in equine plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.
Journal of chromatography    January 18, 1991   Volume 563, Issue 1 216-223 doi: 10.1016/0378-4347(91)80299-r
Hashem A, Lubczyk B.No abstract available
Prognostic factors and survival of horses with ocular/adnexal squamous cell carcinoma: 147 cases (1978-1988).
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association    January 15, 1991   Volume 198, Issue 2 298-303 
Dugan SJ, Roberts SM, Curtis CR, Severin GA.Between January 1978 and December 1988, 147 horses with ocular/adnexal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were admitted to the Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (CSU-VTH). Diagnosis was confirmed by histologic examination of appropriate tissue specimens. Medical records and communication with owners, referring veterinarians, or both provided information regarding initial examination, treatment at the CSU-VTH, and final outcome. At initial examination, 123 (83.7%) horses had unilateral involvement and 24 (16.3%) horses had bilateral involvement. The nictitating membrane, nasal c...
Epidemiologic study of ocular/adnexal squamous cell carcinoma in horses.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association    January 15, 1991   Volume 198, Issue 2 251-256 
Dugan SJ, Curtis CR, Roberts SM, Severin GA.Proportional hospital accession ratios for equine ocular/adnexal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were determined for 14 colleges of veterinary medicine participating in the Veterinary Medical Data Program between January 1978 and December 1986. Comparison of the ratios with their respective geographical, physical data has shown an increased prevalence of SCC with an increase in longitude, altitude, or mean annual solar radiation. In contrast, prevalence of SCC increased with a decrease in latitude. Between January 1978 and December 1988, 147 horses with ocular/adnexal SCC were admitted to the Co...
[A horse seropositive for Ehrlichia risticii].
Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde    January 15, 1991   Volume 116, Issue 2 69-72 
van der Kolk JH, Bernadina WE, Visser IJ.A four year old Dutch warmblooded mare was born and raised in the province of North-Brabant, the Netherlands. On May 16, 1989, she showed signs of colic, anorexia, depression, ileus, severe dehydration and leukopenia. When the mare collapsed, euthanasia was carried out. Acute colitis and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in macrophages were observed at autopsy. When an indirect immunofluorescence assay was performed, the Ehrlichia risticii titre of the serum was found to be 1:640.
Use of gastrotomy to relieve esophageal obstruction in a horse.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association    January 15, 1991   Volume 198, Issue 2 295-296 
Orsini JA, Dikes N, Ruggles A, Charlton C, Perry R.Esophageal obstruction of 1 week's duration in a gelding was diagnosed by contrast radiography and esophagoscopy. A food bolus was found at the junction of the caudal thoracic portion of the esophagus and the cardia. A gastrotomy was performed through a cranial abdominal incision and a phytobezoar was manually broken down and removed. The gelding was started on complete pellet food and water on the fifth day after surgery. The horse remained clinically normal more than 1 year after surgery.
Atypical myoglobinuria.
The Veterinary record    January 12, 1991   Volume 128, Issue 2 44 doi: 10.1136/vr.128.2.44-a
Robinson HC.No abstract available
Interpretation of dope test results in racehorses.
The Veterinary record    January 12, 1991   Volume 128, Issue 2 41 doi: 10.1136/vr.128.2.41
Sanford J.No abstract available
Myocardial blood flow, metabolism, and function with repeated brief coronary occlusions in conscious ponies.
The American journal of physiology    January 11, 1991   Volume 260, Issue 1 Pt 2 H100-H109 doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.1991.260.1.H100
Williams DO, Boatwright RB, Rugh KS, Garner HE, Griggs DM.Studies were performed in the conscious pony instrumented with a Doppler flow probe and hydraulic occluder on the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), sonomicrometry crystals and intraventricular micromanometer in the left ventricle, and catheters in the left atrium and anterior interventricular vein. Two-minute LAD occlusions were performed every 30 min continuously or during working hours. Data on release of catabolites (potassium, hydrogen ions, and lactate) and norepinephrine from the initially dysfunctional region were obtained periodically during a regimen of 445 +/- 56 occlus...
Atlantoaxial malformation in a half-Arabian colt.
The Cornell veterinarian    January 11, 1991   Volume 81, Issue 1 67-75 
Blikslager AT, Wilson DA, Constantinescu GM, Miller MA, Corwin LA.A 1-year-old half-Arabian colt was referred for evaluation of a cranial cervical abnormality. Physical examination revealed the left wing of the atlas to be more ventral than the right wing. A head tilt, with the pole deviated to the left, was present because of the malpositioned atlas. Neurologic examination identified symmetrical weakness, ataxia, and proprioceptive deficits in all four limbs. Radiographs of the cranial cervical region revealed fusion of the atlas and axis, and deviation of the atlantoaxial joint to the left of the median plane. Euthanasia was elected. Necropsy confirmed the...
Calmodulin-mediated adenylyl cyclase from equine sperm.
Methods in enzymology    January 11, 1991   Volume 195 91-110 doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(91)95157-f
Toscano WA, Gross MK.No abstract available
Immunohistochemical diagnosis of protozoan parasites in lesions of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. Granstrom DE, Giles RC, Tuttle PA, Williams NM, Poonacha KB, Petrites-Murphy MB, Tramontin RR, Swerczek TW, Hong CB, Rezabek GB.No abstract available
Mid-metacarpal deep digital flexor tenotomy in the management of refractory laminitis in horses.
Veterinary surgery : VS    January 1, 1991   Volume 20, Issue 1 15-20 doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1991.tb00300.x
Hunt RJ, Allen D, Baxter GM, Jackman BR, Parks AH.Deep digital flexor tendon transection at the mid-metacarpus was performed in 20 horses with severe acute or chronic laminitis that was not responsive to conventional treatment. Sixteen horses improved within 72 hours, one horse worsened, and two horses were unaffected by the surgery. Eleven horses survived less than 1 month after surgery and six horses survived longer than 6 months. Three horses surviving longer than 6 months have remained lame and no horse has returned to athletic performance. Transection of the deep digital flexor tendon at the mid-metacarpus may decrease the pain associate...
Rhodococcus equi: an animal and human pathogen.
Clinical microbiology reviews    January 1, 1991   Volume 4, Issue 1 20-34 doi: 10.1128/CMR.4.1.20
Prescott JF.Recent isolations of Rhodococcus equi from cavitatory pulmonary disease in patients with AIDS have aroused interest among medical microbiologists in this unusual organism. Earlier isolations from humans had also been in immunosuppressed patients following hemolymphatic tumors or renal transplantation. This organism has been recognized for many years as a cause of a serious pyogranulomatous pneumonia of young foals and is occasionally isolated from granulomatous lesions in several other species, in some cases following immunosuppression. The last decade has seen many advances in understanding o...
Experimental cutaneous free flap transfers in the horse.
Microsurgery    January 1, 1991   Volume 12, Issue 2 130-135 doi: 10.1002/micr.1920120214
Lees MJ, Fretz PB, Bowen CV, Leach DH.Equine limb wounds often heal slowly by epithelialization, and large scars are a frequent end result. In some ways, they resemble the wound associated with human tibial injuries. The literature indicates that previous investigators have failed to transfer free skin flaps successfully in the horse. In this paper, we review our experimental work with the deep circumflex iliac flap in the horse. Dissections of 20 cadavers confirmed the anatomical consistency of the flap. Four flaps survived well when elevated as island flaps, but five orthotopic and nine heterotopic free flap transfers all failed...
Establishment of equine oviduct cell monolayers for co-culture with early equine embryos.
Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement    January 1, 1991   Volume 44 393-403 
Battut I, Bézard J, Palmer E.A culture for equine oviduct epithelial cells is described. Primary cultures reached confluence in 5-8 days, forming a monolayer of polygonal cells and remaining morphologically intact for about 20 days. Subcultures were obtained by collecting cells detached spontaneously from the monolayers, and confluence was reached again after 5-7 days. Cells frozen before primary culture were confluent 10-15 days after thawing. Dishes containing confluent cells also were frozen, and some cohesive monolayers formed after thawing. Equine embryos, collected 2 days after ovulation, were cultured alone or with...
Effects of furosemide on ponies with recurrent airway obstruction.
Pulmonary pharmacology    January 1, 1991   Volume 4, Issue 4 203-208 doi: 10.1016/0952-0600(91)90012-r
Broadstone RV, Robinson NE, Gray PR, Woods PS, Derksen FJ.The effect of aerosol and intravenous administrations of furosemide was examined in ponies with recurrent obstructive pulmonary disease, commonly called 'heaves'. This recurrent airway disease bears many similarities to human asthma. Six ponies with the disease (principal animals) were studied during clinical remission and during an acute attack of airway obstruction precipitated by stabling and feeding dusty hay. Six control animals were also studied. Furosemide (1.0 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered by aerosol in the first study, and intravenously in a second study. In principal ponies with...
Portable data acquisition cart for equine transportation stress study.
Biomedical sciences instrumentation    January 1, 1991   Volume 27 283-289 
Cain PW, Jones JH, Smith BL.A remote data sampling cart has been designed and built for studying environmental factors that produce stress in horses during transportation. This dedicated sampling cart uses an XT-compatible mother board powered by a 12 V battery, with customized BIOS and ROM program. Sampling is performed using two digital and eight A/D (bipolar, differential) channels in burst mode at a frequency of 1 kHz. Digitized data are stored on magnetic tape for retrieval after the experiment. Configuration of sampling parameters is accomplished via a serial communications link to a host computer, and is stored in...
Effects of a histamine type-2 receptor antagonist (BMY-25368) on gastric secretion in horses.
American journal of veterinary research    January 1, 1991   Volume 52, Issue 1 108-110 
Orsini JA, Dreyfuss DJ, Vecchione J, Spencer PA, Uhlman R.The effects of a potent new histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist, BMY-25368, were studied on gastric acid secretion in 5 foals from which food was withheld. Doses of 0.02, 0.11, 0.22, and 1.10 mg/kg of body weight were administered IM in a randomly assigned treatment sequence. Following BMY-25368 administration, hydrogen ion concentration was decreased and mean pH was higher than baseline values in a dose-response pattern. At the 0.22 and 1.10 mg/kg doses, the high pH was sustained for greater than 4 hours. The BMY-25368 thus may be useful for treating gastric ulcer disease in horses.
Prolonged pulsatile administration of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to fertile stallions.
Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement    January 1, 1991   Volume 44 155-168 
Roser JF, Hughes JP.Hormonal effects of prolonged administration of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) were investigated in 7 fertile stallions in winter and summer. The stallions were divided into 4 groups so that 1 animal received 0.625 micrograms of GnRH and each of 2 animals received 1.25, 2.5 or 5.0 micrograms of GnRH subcutaneously every 30 min for 5 days. Daily blood samples were collected from 5 days before to 5 days after treatment for measurement of plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T) and oestrogen conjugates (EC). Five-minute blood...
Correlation of myosin isoforms with anatomical divisions in equine musculus biceps brachii.
Acta anatomica    January 1, 1991   Volume 141, Issue 4 369-376 doi: 10.1159/000147149
Hermanson JW, Hegemann-Monachelli MT, Daaod MJ, LaFramboise WA.The biceps brachii of horses is subdivided into a lateral and medial head. Electrophoresis of samples from the lateral head revealed three slow-migrating native myosin isoforms, including one that does not correspond to slow myosin isoforms described for other mammalian muscles. In contrast, the medial head contained a single slow isoform. Both the lateral and medial heads contained three fast-migrating isoforms corresponding with the FM-2, FM-3 and FM-4 isoforms reported for other mammalian fast-twitch muscle fibers. Electrophoresis of myosin heavy chains (MHCs) revealed only two MHC bands, o...
Phylogeny of immune recognition: processing and presentation of structurally defined proteins in channel catfish immune responses.
Developmental immunology    January 1, 1991   Volume 1, Issue 3 137-148 doi: 10.1155/1991/32534
Vallejo AN, Miller NW, Clem LW.This work was undertaken to investigate whether or not antigen processing and presentation are important in channel catfish in vitro secondary immune responses elicited with structurally defined proteins, namely, pigeon heart cytochrome C (pCytC), hen egg lysozyme, and horse myoglobin. The use of in vitro antigen-pulsed and fixed B cells or monocytes as antigen presenting cells (APC) resulted in autologous peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) responding with vigorous proliferation and antibody production in vitro. In addition, several long-term catfish monocyte lines have been found to function a...
Purification of equine neutrophil lysozyme and its antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Veterinary research communications    January 1, 1991   Volume 15, Issue 6 427-435 doi: 10.1007/BF00346538
Pellegrini A, Waiblinger S, Von Fellenberg R.Lysozyme from equine neutrophil granulocytes was isolated in a pure form by fast performance liquid chromatography, i.e. ion-exchange chromatography and reversed-phase chromatography. The lysozyme lysed Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus lentus and was also bactericidal against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica, and Serratia marcescens. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were not lysed. The lysozyme was only very slightly bactericidal for S. epidermidis and S. aureus. Equine neutrophil lysozyme ...
Inheritance of the equine Tf F3 allele.
Animal genetics    January 1, 1991   Volume 22, Issue 2 187-190 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1991.tb00662.x
Cothran EG, Henney PJ, King JA.The inheritance of the equine Tf F3 allele was examined in 39 parent-offspring combinations. For 26 of the cases the allele inherited by the offspring from the heterozygous parent could be determined. The proportion of individuals that inherited the F3 variant compared to the alternative allele was exactly 1:1. In five cases the parental phenotype was identical to that of the offspring. For the remaining eight cases the parent was homozygous for the F3 allele and all offspring had the F3 allele. The results were consistent with Mendelian inheritance.
The morphology of abdominal and inguinal cryptorchid testes in stallions: a light and electron microscopic study.
International journal of fertility    January 1, 1991   Volume 36, Issue 1 57-64 
al-Bagdadi F, Hoyt P, Karns P, Martin G, Memon M, McClure R, McCoy D, Shoemaker S.Eleven unilateral cryptorchid stallions, two to three years old, were castrated at Louisiana State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Five of these cryptorchid cases were abdominal and the rest were inguinal. This study was initiated to document the differences between the abdominal and inguinal equine cryptorchid testes. Specimens were obtained from the abepididymal side of each cryptorchid testes and processed for light and electron microscopic study. The cryptorchid testes were smaller than the scrotal testes, with the abdominal testes being one-fourth the size of the scrotal testes. ...
Experimental models of endotoxaemia related to abortion in the mare.
Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement    January 1, 1991   Volume 44 509-516 
Kindahl H, Daels P, Odensvik K, Daunt D, Fredricksson G, Stabenfeldt G, Hughes JP.Three different routes of administering Salmonella typhimurium endotoxin to mimic naturally occurring endotoxaemia were tried in the mare. Bolus injection, repeated bolus injections and continuous low-dose infusion were compared with prostaglandin F2 alpha release, leucocyte count and clinical response. A biphasic prostaglandin release and a pronounced leucopenia of almost identical patterns were seen in all models. Repeated bolus injections showed that the second injection initiated only a small prostaglandin release indicating the development of refractoriness to the treatment. A similar ref...