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Topic:Veterinary Care
Veterinary care in horses encompasses the medical and preventive measures taken to maintain and improve the health and well-being of equine patients. It includes a wide range of practices such as routine health examinations, vaccinations, dental care, parasite control, and management of injuries and diseases. Veterinary care also involves diagnostic procedures, surgical interventions, and therapeutic treatments tailored to the specific needs of horses. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of equine veterinary care, including advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and health management strategies to support the well-being and performance of horses.
Molecular investigation of allelic variants of EqCXCL16 gene in equine arteritis virus infected stallions of selected horse breeds in Poland. Susceptibility to long-term persistent infection with Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV) in stallions is related with EqCXCL16 gene alleles of the host. In our study EqCXCL16 gene alleles were determined for 63 EAV shedders and 126 non-shedders of various horse breeds. In total, 60 (31.7%) out of 189 tested stallions were identified as carriers of susceptible variants of EqCXCL16 by real time PCR and Sanger sequencing. The presence of susceptible genotype was related to horse breed with the highest percentage in Wielkopolska breed, Polish coldblood and Silesian breed horses. Strong correlation betwe...
Gram-positive bacteriocins: usage as antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine. Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide spread phenomenon that affects both human and veterinary medicine. This issue has led to a "One Health" approach in order to coordinate efforts and set back the development of drug-resistant microbes. In the search for alternatives therapies, bacteriocins or antimicrobial peptides have proven to be effective both in vitro and in vivo for multiples pathogens, even those resistant to many classic antibiotics. Gram-positive bacteriocins have been the most studied to the present. The use of bacteriocins as therapeutically active molecules is limited mainly d...
Influence of a purpose-built frame on the accuracy of computer-assisted orthopedic surgery of equine extremities. To determine the influence of a purpose-built frame on the accuracy of screw placement during computer-assisted orthopedic surgery (CAOS) of the equine extremity. Methods: Experimental cadaveric study. Methods: Twenty-four paired equine cadaveric limbs obtained from seven horses. Methods: Three 4.5-mm cortex screws were inserted in lag technique in three different planes of orientation in the proximal phalanx (P1) by means of CAOS. In the study group (n = 12 limbs), the tracker was anchored on a purpose-built frame designed to stabilize the extremity. In the control group (n = 12 limbs), a con...
Metabogenomics reveals four candidate regions involved in the pathophysiology of Equine Metabolic Syndrome. An analogous condition to human metabolic syndrome, Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) is defined by several clinical signs including obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and peripheral insulin dysregulation (ID). Affected horses may also exhibit hypertension, hyperlipemia and systemic inflammation. Measures of ID typically comprise the gold-standard for diagnosis in veterinary care. Yet, the dynamic nature of insulin homeostasis and complex procedures of typical assays make accurate quantification of ID and EMS challenging. This work aimed to investigate new strategies for identification of biochemical ma...
Widespread Environmental Presence of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella in an Equine Veterinary Hospital That Received Local and International Horses. is a highly infectious microorganism responsible for many outbreaks reported in equine hospitals. Outbreaks are characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, nosocomial transmission to other patients, zoonotic transmission to hospital personnel, and even closure of facilities. In this study, 545 samples (environmental and hospitalized patients) were collected monthly during a 1-year period from human and animal contact surfaces in an equine hospital that received local and international horses. A total of 22 isolates were obtained from human contact surfaces (e.g., offices and pharmac...
Equine pegiviruses cause persistent infection of bone marrow and are not associated with hepatitis. Pegiviruses frequently cause persistent infection (as defined by >6 months), but unlike most other Flaviviridae members, no apparent clinical disease. Human pegivirus (HPgV, previously GBV-C) is detectable in 1-4% of healthy individuals and another 5-13% are seropositive. Some evidence for infection of bone marrow and spleen exists. Equine pegivirus 1 (EPgV-1) is not linked to disease, whereas another pegivirus, Theiler's disease-associated virus (TDAV), was identified in an outbreak of acute serum hepatitis (Theiler's disease) in horses. Although no subsequent reports link TDAV to disease,...
Antimicrobial Resistance in Horses. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasingly recognized global public health threat to the modern health-care system that could hamper the control and treatment of infectious diseases [...].
Correction: Automatic hoof-on and -off detection in horses using hoof-mounted inertial measurement unit sensors. [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233266.].
Antimicrobial Resistance in Horses. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasingly recognized global public health threat to the modern health-care system that could hamper the control and treatment of infectious diseases [...].
Demography, preventative healthcare and reason for relinquishment of donkeys to an equine charity in the UK (2013-2015). In the UK, there are thousands of donkeys being cared for by charities; however, little is known about the reasons for relinquishment or their previous health status, with even less information available in published literature. Such information could help to identify factors contributing to poor equine welfare and guide the development of appropriate educational resources. Objective: To describe the characteristics of the relinquished donkeys and to better understand the current preventative healthcare status of donkeys relinquished into The Donkey Sanctuary. Methods: Cross-sectional observat...
Accidental Overdose of Pergolide (Prascend) Followed by Loss of Appetite, Tachycardia, and Behavioral Abnormalities in a Pony Mare. A 26-year-old pony mare (ca. 180 kg bodyweight) was presented as an emergency because it had erroneously received 110 times its standard dose of pergolide (Prascend) per os approximately 4 hours earlier. Clinical examination initially was normal except tachycardia of 52 beats/min. The pony was treated symptomatically with paraffin oil and activated charcoal per nasogastric tube to prevent further systemic absorption and accelerate intestinal excretion of the pergolide. Furthermore, the pony received 400 mg of dopamine antagonist azaperone (Stresnil) intramuscularly (i.m.) followed by 80 mg...
Stall-side screening potential of a smartphone electrocardiogram recorded over both sides of the thorax in horses. Comparisons between smartphone ECG (SpECG) recordings obtained from the right and left sides of the thorax have not been reported in animals. Objective: To evaluate the screening potential of a SpECG obtained from both sides of the thorax and to compare the degree of agreement between the SpECG and a reference ECG (rECG) for measurement of the duration of baseline electrical deflections recorded over both sides of the thorax. Methods: Fifty horses admitted to the equine hospital, university-owned horses, and horses from an endurance riding facility. Methods: Prospective observational study. Si...
Arthroscopic approach and intra-articular anatomy of the equine discomandibular joint compartment of the temporomandibular joint. To develop an arthroscopic approach to the discomandibular joint (DMJ), the ventral compartment of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of the horse. Methods: Experimental study. Methods: Nine cadaveric equine heads and two live horses. Methods: A 2.5-mm 30° arthroscope was used to explore the DMJ after joint distension. The first portal was created caudally, allowing placement of a rostral portal under visual guidance. Nasotracheal intubation of the live horses allowed mandibular manipulation, which is required for complete visualization of the joint. Results: A novel injection technique allowe...
Environmental persistence of equid herpesvirus type-1. Equid herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is ubiquitous in equine populations causing respiratory disease, and complications including late-term abortion and neurological disease. Eradication of EHV-1 from housing environments that typically contain unsealed wood and porous bedding materials can be challenging. However, consideration should be given to take advantage of the viral envelope's susceptibility to environmental conditions. Objective: To determine environmental persistence of EHV-1 on materials and in environmental conditions commonly found in equine facilities. We hypothesised that environme...
Putative Otobius megnini-associated clinical signs in horses in South Africa (2012-2018). Otobius megnini has been associated with certain clinical conditions in horses in both California and Mexico. A number of cases similar to those described previously have been identified by the author in South Africa. This case report summarises these cases to demonstrate that the clinical condition occurs readily in South Africa and may be increasing in occurrence. The disease has minimal coverage in the literature making it more likely that a veterinarian, unfamiliar with the disease, will miss the diagnosis. The author would like to make veterinarians aware of this as a potential differenti...
Real-time three-dimensional (3D) echocardiographic characterisation of an atrial septal defect in a horse. Atrial septal defects have been well reported in humans and dogs and the principles of intervention have been well established. In contrast, there is very little information published about these congenital anomalies in horses. True ASDs are regarded as rare and little is known about the clinical significance of these defects in horses. An 11-year-old Thoroughbred gelding with a history of poor performance was diagnosed with an atrial septal defect, measuring approximately 2 cm in diameter, on 2D transthoracic echocardiography. Real-time three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography was used to map...
Objectively measured movement asymmetry in yearling Standardbred trotters. Lameness evaluation of Standardbred trotters can be challenging due to discrepancies in observed movement asymmetry between in-hand and track exercise, and between different trotting speeds. There are few studies on objective measurement of movement in Standardbreds, and little knowledge regarding biological variation and clinical significance of measured movement asymmetry in this breed. Objective: To quantify the prevalence and magnitude of objectively measured movement asymmetry in young Standardbred trotters, and identify associations with trainer, sex, height, track type and in-hand measu...
Habronematidosis in Equids: Current Status, Advances, Future Challenges. Over the past few decades, among equine parasitoses caused by gastrointestinal nematodes, habronematidosis has been discontinuously studied worldwide. Habronematidosis is a parasitic disease distributed all over the world. It is caused by Habronema microstoma, Habronema muscae, and Draschia megastoma (Spirurida, Habronematidae), and it is maintained in the environment by muscid flies which act as intermediate hosts. At larval and adult stages these species live in the stomach of domestic and wild equids. However, the larvae can also be found on the skin, causing lesions known as "summer sores"...
Use of in vitro assays to identify antibiotics that are cytotoxic to normal equine chondrocytes and synovial cells. Intra-articular (IA) antibiotic usage is prevalent in equine practice. However, recent emergence of antimicrobial resistance prompts re-evaluation of antibiotic selection, particularly when used prophylactically. Furthermore, many commonly used antibiotics exert direct cytotoxicity to equine cells, and appropriate IA doses have not been defined. Objective: To screen antibiotics in vitro as an initial assessment of cytotoxicity against normal equine joint cells in monolayer culture and explant tissues. Methods: In vitro experimental study. Methods: Chondrocytes and synovial cells were harvested...
Prognostic Indicators after Musculoskeletal Injuries in Standardbred Racehorses in Italy. The objective of this study was to report recovery time, retirement rate, racing performance, and presence of compensation pattern after musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs) in Standardbred racehorses (STBRs). This is a retrospective single open-cohort study, enrolling 356 STBRs in training in a single racetrack. Musculoskeletal injury was defined as any training-related injury after which the horse did not train for at least 15 days. The first and second MSIs encountered during the horse's racing career were considered. Medical records, training logbooks, and racing data were reviewed to determin...
Using minimum inhibitory concentration values of common topical antibiotics to investigate emerging antibiotic resistance: A retrospective study of 134 dogs and 20 horses with ulcerative keratitis. To identify the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distribution for commonly used topical antibiotics from isolates of dogs and horses with ulcerative bacterial keratitis, and to investigate changes in MIC values over time and following treatment with topical fluoroquinolones. Methods: One hundred thirty-four client-owned dogs and 20 client-owned horses with bacterial ulcerative keratitis. Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentration values for 14 topical antibiotics were reported for canine and equine cases of bacterial ulcerative keratitis between 2013 and 2018. Changes in MIC values over t...
Effects of endurance racing on horse plasma extracellular particle miRNA. Physical exercise is an essential factor in preventing and treating metabolic diseases by promoting systemic benefits throughout the body. The molecular factors involved in this process are poorly understood. Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that inhibit mRNA transcription. MiRNAs, which can participate in the benefits of exercise to health, circulate in plasma in extracellular particles (EP). Horses that undergo endurance racing are an excellent model to study the impact of long-duration/low intensity exercise in plasma EP miRNAs. Objective: To evaluate the effects of 160 km end...
Monolateral chronicon orchitis in a stallion. Orchitis and epididymo-orchitis are inflammatory lesions of the testicle. We herein describe a case of monolateral chronic orchitis which occurred in a Tiro Pesante Rapido (TPR) stallion, born in 2002, with a history of good fertility. The stallion was healthy and asymptomatic although the left testis was found to be smaller as compared with the right one and was hard in consistency. Histopathology examination revealed tubular atrophy and parenchymal sclerosis. Scattered foci of calcification and chronic inflammation, the latter dominated by macrophages and lymphocytes, were also observed. Alt...
Evaluating 5.5 Years of Equinella: A Veterinary-Based Voluntary Infectious Disease Surveillance System of Equines in Switzerland. Equine health is important in regard to trade, economy, society, and the veterinary, as well as public health. To reduce the burden of equine infectious diseases internationally, it is important to collect, review, and distribute equine health surveillance data as accurate and timely as possible. Within this study, we aimed at providing a comprehensive descriptive analysis of data submitted to Equinella, a voluntary veterinary-based surveillance system of non-notifiable equine infectious diseases and clinical signs, in Switzerland. This was achieved by reviewing the reports submitted since its...
Partial atrioventricular septal defect in an adult sport horse. A partial atrioventricular septal defect, represented as a large ostium primum atrial septal defect and common (bridging) atrioventricular valve leaflets with cleft septal leaflet of the mitral valve, was diagnosed incidentally in a nine-year-old warmblood gelding used for show jumping. Initial examination findings and a three-year follow-up are documented in this report. The horse was first presented for the evaluation of chronic coughing. A left-sided, grade 4/6 holosystolic (band-shaped) murmur was identified along with a similar right-sided, grade 3/6 heart murmur. Echocardiography reveale...
Quantification and validation of nine nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in equine urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for doping control. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used in therapeutic doses in human and veterinary medicine for the treatment of inflammation, pain, and fever. A method for the simultaneous determination of nine NSAIDs, known as therapeutic prohibited substances, in equine urine was developed and fully validated according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and Association of Official Racing Chemists criteria. The validation was performed for naproxen, flunixin, ketoprofen, diclofenac, eltenac, meclofenamic acid, phenylbutazone, vedaprofen, and carprofen in equine urine i...
Comparative Efficacy of the Prokinetic Effects of Cisapride and Tegaserod in Equines. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of cisapride and tegaserod on intestinal smooth muscle activity in equines. Efficacy was evaluated through measurement of gastrointestinal transit time, bowel movements per day, stool weight, and bowel sounds. Drug safety was evaluated via heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature. Records were obtained throughout three periods: a control phase without treatment, a period of cisapride administration at a dose of 0.22 mg/kg, and a period of tegaserod treatment at a dose of 0.27 mg/kg. Gastrointestinal transit time, bowel movements pe...
Platelet-rich Plasma Combined With a Sterile 3D Polylactic Acid Scaffold for Postoperative Management of Complete Hoof Wall Resection for Keratoma in Four Horses. Keratoma is a nonmalignant horse tumor that grows in the space between the horn of the hoof and the distal phalanx. Keratoma causes lameness in the horse, and surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Four horses underwent removal of a keratoma by complete hoof wall resection. The remaining wound was treated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) combined with a sterile three-dimensional polylactic acid scaffold. The PRP was applied at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 days postoperatively. The surgical site was cleaned with gauzes and swabs soaked in Ringer's lactate solution before applying PRP and the ...
