Equine health encompasses the study and management of diseases, disorders, and overall well-being of horses. It involves understanding various physiological systems, preventive care, and treatment strategies to maintain optimal health in equine populations. Common areas of focus include nutrition, infectious diseases, orthopedic conditions, and reproductive health. Research in equine health aims to advance knowledge on diagnostic methods, therapeutic interventions, and management practices that improve horse welfare and performance. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse aspects of equine health, offering insights into current findings and advancements in the field.
Hashikura S, Higuchi T, Taharaguchi S, Orita Y, Nanao Y, Takai S.The reliability of preparing bacteriological cultures from nasotracheal aspirates of foals routinely in order to diagnose R. equi pneumonia in foals was studied by isolating Rhodococcus equi from specimens obtained from 96 foals by nasotracheal aspiration with a silicon catheter. Results were compared with specimens obtained from 21 foals by transtracheal aspiration (percutaneous tracheal puncture). These 117 foals showed clinical signs of respiratory tract infection at sampling. R. equi was isolated from 14 of 21 (66.7%) specimens by transtracheal aspiration and from 59 of 96 (61.4%) specimen...
Johnson PJ, Kreeger JM, Keeler M, Ganjam VK, Messer NT.In order better to evaluate the extent to which degradation of the lamellar basement membrane (LBM) by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) occurs in equine laminitis, we determined the concentration of type IV collagen and laminin in normal and laminitic horses, using specific immunoassays. Blood samples were obtained from both the jugular and the cephalic veins of horses (n = 10) before and after the induction of acute alimentary laminitis by carbohydrate overload. Jugular and cephalic venous blood samples were also obtained from horses affected with naturally occurring laminitis (n = 16) and non...
McCutcheon LJ, Geor RJ.Sweating responses were examined in five horses during a standardized exercise test (SET) in hot conditions (32-34 degrees C, 45-55% relative humidity) during 8 wk of exercise training (5 days/wk) in moderate conditions (19-21 degrees C, 45-55% relative humidity). SETs consisting of 7 km at 50% maximal O(2) consumption, determined 1 wk before training day (TD) 0, were completed on a treadmill set at a 6 degrees incline on TD0, 14, 28, 42, and 56. Mean maximal O(2) consumption, measured 2 days before each SET, increased 19% [TD0 to 42: 135 +/- 5 (SE) to 161 +/- 4 ml. kg(-1). min(-1)]. Peak swea...
Geor RJ, McCutcheon LJ, Ecker GL, Lindinger MI.The effect of humid heat acclimation on thermoregulatory responses to humid and dry exercise-heat stress was studied in six exercise-trained Thoroughbred horses. Horses were heat acclimated by performing moderate-intensity exercise for 21 days in heat and humidity (HH) [34.2-35.7 degrees C; 84-86% relative humidity (RH); wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index approximately 32 degrees C]. Horses completed exercise tests at 50% of peak O(2) uptake until a pulmonary arterial temperature (T(pa)) of 41.5 degrees C was attained in cool dry (CD) (20-21.5 degrees C; 45-50% RH; WBGT approximately 16 d...
Suzuki Y, Ito T, Suzuki T, Holland RE, Chambers TM, Kiso M, Ishida H, Kawaoka Y.The distribution of sialic acid (SA) species varies among animal species, but the biological role of this variation is largely unknown. Influenza viruses differ in their ability to recognize SA-galactose (Gal) linkages, depending on the animal hosts from which they are isolated. For example, human viruses preferentially recognize SA linked to Gal by the alpha2,6(SAalpha2,6Gal) linkage, while equine viruses favor SAalpha2,3Gal. However, whether a difference in relative abundance of specific SA species (N-acetylneuraminic acid [NeuAc] and N-glycolylneuraminic acid [NeuGc]) among different animal...
Hinton TM, Li F, Crabb BS.Equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV) has recently been classified as an aphthovirus, a genus otherwise comprised of the different serotypes of Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). FMDV initiates translation via a type II internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) and utilizes two in-frame AUG codons to produce the leader proteinases Lab and Lb. Here we show that the ERAV 5' nontranslated region also possesses the core structures of a type II IRES. The functional activity of this region was characterized by transfection of bicistronic plasmids into BHK-21 cells. In this system the core type II structures, ...
Retamal C, Urzúa J, Lorca C, López ML, Alves EW.The present paper reports modifications in the electrophoretic and cytochemical characteristics of mature and immature stallion spermatozoa. Some sperm surface glycoproteins (36, 32, 29, 21, 20, 18 kDa) detected in cauda epididymidis spermatozoa, were either absent or present in a very low relative concentration in immature sperm cells. A major 14 kDa protein band, observed in sperm extracts obtained from ductus efferentes, progressively decreased along the epididymal ductus. The nature and distribution of carbohydrate residues on the sperm membrane, during epididymal maturation, was also stud...
Cano MR, Miró F, Diz AM, Agüera E, Galisteo AM.The aim of this study was to determine the influence of a 10-month training programme on the linear, temporal and angular characteristics of the fore and hind limbs at the trot in the Andalusian horse, using standard computer-aided videography. Sixteen male Andalusian horses were observed before and after training. Six strides were randomly selected for analysis in each horse and linear, temporal and angular parameters were calculated for fore and hind limbs. The training programme used here produced significant changes in kinematic parameters, such as shortening of stride length, and increase...
Aramaki S, Mori M, Nakata M, Shinohara A, Koizumi T.The pharmacokinetics characteristics of propranolol (PPL) in horses was studied by administering the drug intravenously or orally to the animals. The predominant primary pathway was ring oxidation, and 4-hydroxypropranolol glucuronide (4-OHPG) was the major metabolite in both plasma and urine. Side-chain glucuronidation and oxidation were not significant. A two-compartment model was employed for PPL followed by a one-compartment model for 4-OHPG. After oral administration, one-step absorption and two-step first pass metabolism were employed. The fraction absorbed of PPL was approximately 70% a...
Reilas T, Huhtinen M, Oksanen M, Katila T.The aim of the study was to determine whether neutrophil numbers (PMN), trypsin-inhibitor capacity (TIC), lysozyme, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase), beta-glucuronidase (B-Gase), total protein, and plasmin in uterine lavage fluid of postpartum (p.p.) mares, either at the time of foal heat insemination or around the time of arrival of the embryo in the uterus, could be used in predicting conception. Fifteen mares were inseminated within 13 h after the first p.p. ovulation. Uterine lavage fluids were successfully collected from 9 out of 12 mares before insemination and from all 15 mares ...
Davies Morel MC, Gunnarsson V.Very limited information is available on the breeding performance of Icelandic stallions, let alone the effect that management practices may have had on such performance. As an extensively kept, largely genetically isolated breed of horse it provides a good model for the study of factors that affect reproductive performance without the additional complication of selective breeding, infectious infertility and breed effect. A survey was conducted using 27 Icelandic stallions covering 1590 mares within the normal Icelandic breeding system (May to September). During the season, stallions cover mar...
Várady M, Königová A, Corba J.The present study included 19 stud farms, including 243 horses, that were investigated for the occurrence of anthelmintic resistant cyathostomes. The number of horses on the farms varied from nine to more than 100, and horses of all ages were included. A minimum of seven horses were used for faecal egg count reduction (FECR) tests. The anthelmintics included were: fenbendazole (paste formulation), ivermectin (paste formulation) and pyrantel (powder). Resistance to benzimidazoles was detected on 14 farms, with FECR values ranging from 65.1 to 86.3%. Larval cultures after fenbendazole treatment ...
Guan F, Uboh CE, Soma LR, Birks EK, Teleis D, Rudy JA, Watson AO, Tsang DS.A reliable and sensitive method for the extraction and quantification of phenytoin (5,5'-diphenylhydantoin), its major metabolite, 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (p-HPPH) and minor metabolite, 5-(m-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (m-HPPH) in horse urine and plasma is described. The method involves the use of solid-phase extraction (SPE), liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), enzyme hydrolysis (EH) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The minor metabolite, 5-(m-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (m-HPPH) was not present in a reliably quantifiable concentration in all samples. The ...
Stewart F, Kennedy MW, Suire S.Horses, donkeys, and therefore, probably all equids, secrete a nonglycosylated, progesterone-dependent, 19-kDa protein (P19) into the uterine lumen during early pregnancy, and significant quantities of it are taken up by the developing conceptus. Sequence analysis and structural modelling have identified P19 as a lipocalin with greatest similarity to the murine major urinary protein lipocalins. However, lack of strong identity with any particular group of lipocalins and several unusual structural features, including a unique amino acid triplet within one of the invariant domains and an unusual...
Marshall DE, Mortishire-Smith RJ, Houghton E, Gower DB.Oestradiene-3,17-diol and oestratriene-3,17-diol (or the diol of Heard's ketone (3-hydroxy-5(10),6,8-oestratriene-17-one) have been extracted on a large scale from pooled urines and allantoic fluid obtained from pregnant mares. Initial purification was achieved using column chromatography, and further purification by high performance liquid chromatography or silver nitrate (argentation) thin layer chromatography. The steroids were characterised using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Positions of the double bonds in ring B of oestradienediol were deduced on the basis of results of ultravio...
Chan CC, Murphy H, Munroe GA.A modified open annular ligament desmotomy followed by passive open drainage was used to treat 12 horses with chronic digital septic tenosynovitis due to trauma in the form of open wounds or self-sealing punctures. The surgical approach included complete transection of the palmar/plantar annular ligament of the fetlock and proximal digital annular ligament, which facilitated the removal of fibrin, selective debridement and synovectomy, followed by lavage of the digital sheath. The incision was partially closed leaving a 2 cm gap open distally to allow for passive open drainage. Gentamicin was ...
Booth TM, Hainisch EK, Knottenbelt DC, Edwards GB, Clegg PD, Kelly DF.An 11-year-old, eight-months pregnant mare suddenly developed severe respiratory distress. Endoscopic examination identified intralaryngeal granulation tissue obstructing the airway. In order to avoid general anaesthesia and the problems associated with a permanent tracheostomy, the mass was resected electrosurgically while the mare was standing. Patency was restored to the airway and the mare foaled without complication.
Riond JL, Leoni S, Wanner M.Three feeding methods were compared in 36 4- to 6-year-old Franche-Montagne horses during the military school of St-Luzisteig (GR) of Spring 1992. The horses were separated into 3 groups: a group with the traditional oats-hay ration (OH), a group with a pelleted feed and hay ration (PFH), and a group with the complete diet (CD). Feed analyses were performed and food consumption, eating behavior and digestibility were studied. The horses received their daily amount of feed in 3 portions covering the requirements for a medium work: OH = 8 kg hay and 3 kg oats, PFH = 8 kg hay and 3 kg pelleted fe...
Hasegaw T, Sato F, Ishida N, Fukushima Y, Mukoyama H.A quick method for sex determination of horses was developed. Simultaneous amplification of the equine sex-determining region of the Y chromosome gene (SRY) and amelogenin gene (AMEL) accomplished the determination of the presence of both the Y chromosome and SRY gene. In agarose gel electrophoresis, a normal stallion showed 1 SRY band and 3 AMEL (AMELX, AMELY, and AMELX/AMELY heteroduplex) bands, and a normal mare showed a single AMELX band. In XY-mares, 3 AMEL bands were detected as in a normal stallion, but no SRY band. The present method enables a quick diagnosis for XY-mare prior to cytog...
Yamashita K, Tsubakishita S, Futaok S, Ueda I, Hamaguchi H, Seno T, Katoh S, Izumisawa Y, Kotani T, Muir WW.The cardiovascular effects of medetomidine, detomidine, and xylazine in horses were studied. Fifteen horses, whose right carotid arteries had previously been surgically raised to a subcutaneous position during general anesthesia were used. Five horses each were given the following 8 treatments: an intravenous injection of 4 doses of medetomidine (3, 5, 7.5, and 10 microg/kg), 3 doses of detomidine (10, 20, and 40 microg/kg), and one dose of xylazine (1 mg/kg). Heart rate decreased, but not statistically significant. Atrio-ventricular block was observed following all treatments and prolonged wi...
Taylor KC, Vitello LB, Erman JE.The ionization of 4-nitroimidazole to 4-nitroimidazolate was investigated as a function of ionic strength. The apparent pKa varies from 8.99 to 9.50 between 0.001 and 1.0 M ionic strength, respectively, at 25 degrees C. The ionic strength dependence of this ionization is anomalous. The binding of 4-nitroimidazole by horse metmyoglobin was studied between pH 5.0 and 11.5 and as a function of ionic strength between 0.01 and 1.0 M. The association rate constant is pH-dependent, varying from 24 M(-1)s(-1) at pH 5 to a maximum value of 280 M(-1)s(-1) at pH 9.5 and then decreasing to 10 M(-1)s(-1) a...
Fenton JI, Chlebek-Brown KA, Peters TL, Caron JP, Orth MW.To determine whether glucosamine-3-sulfate, glucose-3-sulfate (control) and N-acetyl glucosamine inhibit experimentally induced degradation of equine articular cartilage explants similar to glucosamine HCl. Methods: Articular cartilage was obtained from the antebrachio-carpal and middle joints of horses (2-8 years old) killed for reasons unrelated to lameness. Cartilage discs were harvested from the weight-bearing region of the articular surface and cultured. Media were exchanged daily and the recovered media stored at 4 degrees C. On days 1 and 2 lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 microg/ml) was add...
Jouvel C, Maciejewski P, Garcia P, Bonnaire Y, Horning S, Popot MA.A method for the detection of diazepam in horse hair samples by low resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed. Two other techniques, gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) and high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical-ionisation mass spectrometry (HPLC-APCI-MS-MS) were applied on some selected samples. Sample preparation was performed according to a technique previously described for human hair, involving incubation with Sorensen buffer and solvent extraction. Hair samples from different sites such as coat on the ne...
Ceci L, Carelli G.This paper reviews basic information on the knowledge of tick-borne diseases, babesiosis, anaplasmosis and theileriosis, in horses, cattle, sheep and goats in Italy with particular reference to the southern part of the country. It is stressed that there is limited knowledge about the parasite species present, their vectors, distribution, prevalence and impact on livestock production and there is the need to assess their epidemiology. A study carried out in the Apulia region to assess the prevalence of Anaplasma marginale infection in 1,648 cattle showed a seroprevalence of 17% using the Card A...
Jeffcott LB, Rossdale PD.The efficacy and safety of oxytocin, dexamethasone and prostaglandin, used alone or in combination as inducing agents, are discussed. It is contended that insufficient evidence exists to support the routine application of any of these methods in practice. Oxytocin has been the most widely used and it is claimed by some to be free from side effects. However, the synthetic prostaglandin analogue, fluprostenol, seems to pose the least risk to the foetus and dexamethasone appears to be either ineffective, or too dangerous to use at all. The main indications for induced foaling are managerial conve...
Pereira B, Ortiz I, Dorado J, Diaz-Jimenez M, Consuegra C, Demyda-Peyras S, Hidalgo M.In this study, we compared two staining protocols assessing the nuclear chromatin stage of equine oocytes after vitrification using permeable and nonpermeable cryoprotectants. Slaughterhouse-derived oocytes (n = 155) were obtained from a total of 32 mares and in vitro matured in M199 medium for 42 hours at 38.5°C in 5% CO2. In the first experiment, two concentrations of Hoechst 33342 (HO) were tested (10 μg/mL; P1 and 2.5 μg/mL; P2) combined with 50 μg/mL of propidium iodide as staining protocols to evaluate the visibility of matured oocytes (n = 44). In the second experiment, 111 o...
Ayinmode AB, Oluwayelu DO, Sule WF, Obebe OO.Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite is a known etiological factor of reproductive problems and encephalomyelitis in animals and humans. This study investigated the seroprevalence of T gondii infection in recreational horses in two metropolitan cities of southwestern Nigeria. Serum samples were randomly collected from a total of 157 horses in Lagos and Ibadan. Samples were assayed for the presence of T gondii antibodies using the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT). A total of 22 (14%) of the 157 sampled horses were positive for T gondii antibodies by MAT w...
Uterine torsion typically occurs during mid to late gestation and is estimated to cause 5% to 10% of all equine obstetric emergencies. Clinical signs include abdominal pain that may be mistaken for gastrointestinal distress, parturition, or abortion. Uterine torsion is an emergency for the mare and fetus, and early recognition and intervention are essential to optimizing the chance of survival. This article reviews the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of uterine torsion in mares.
Dias MC, Landim-Alvarenga FD, de Moraes CN, da Costa LD, Geraldini CM, de Vasconcelos Machado VM, Maia L.Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have great therapeutic potential, particularly in the process of tissue repair and immunomodulation through the secretion of biomolecules. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that intramuscular transplantation of allogeneic MSCs obtained from equine umbilical cord (UC-MSCs) is safe, demonstrating that this is a suitable source of stem cells for therapeutic use. Results: For this, UC-MSCs were cultured, characterized and cryopreserved for future transplantation in six healthy mares. On day 0, transplantation of three million UC-MSCs dilute...
Gronwall R.Hepatic function was measured, using sulfobromophthalein sodium (BSP) in fed and fasted ponies. In the 1st experiment, single injections of BSP were administered, and the rate of removal of BSP from plasma was determined. Fasting decreased the rate of BSP removal from plasma, as indicated by increased half-time (t 1/2). In the 2nd experiment, BSP was infused for 5 hours, and its clearance from plasma was determined. Fasting decreased BSP clearance. In the 3rd experiment, BSP was infused consecutively at 2 dose rates, and maximal excretion and hepatic storage were determined. Although fasting d...
de Solis CN, Coleman M.Abdominal sonography is currently a routine procedure in the evaluation of colic in the horse. This imaging technique is used in both the assessment of the horse presented in the emergency setting with acute colic and the assessment of the horse presented for chronic or recurrent colic in the nonemergency setting. Sonography for colic evaluation is used by specialists in different disciplines and by general practitioners in the ambulatory and hospital settings. In this review, we will focus on indications and clinical interpretation of findings as well as recent developments in abdominal sonog...
Della Rocca G, Di Salvo A, Cagnardi P, Marchesi MC, Conti MB.It is well-known that old animals show physiologic and/or pathologic variation that could modify the pharmacokinetics of drugs and the related pharmacodynamic response. In order to define the most appropriate therapeutic protocol in old horses, pharmacokinetic profile and safety of naproxen were investigated in horses aged over 18 years after oral administration for 5 days at the dose of 10 mg/kg b.w./day. After the first administration, the maximum concentration (Cmax 44.21 ± 9.21 μg/mL) was reached at 2.5 ± 0.58 h post-treatment, the harmonic mean terminal half-life was 6.96 ± 1.73 h, AU...
Tennent-Brown BS.Spinal cord injury (SCI) in horses may arise from rearing and falling backward, collisions, kicks, and slipping. The pathophysiology of SCI comprises a primary mechanical injury followed by a cascade of secondary events. These secondary events include microvascular ischemia, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, ion dysregulation, and inflammation. It is often the severity of secondary injury that limits the restoration of neurologic function. Clinical signs after SCI depend on the location of the lesion and the relative amount of damage to the gray and white matter. Acute management of SCI should...
Allen WE, Newcombe JR.The three groups of bacteria that cause endometritis in the mare are reviewed. The different methods of swabbing are assessed and the criteria which should be observed when developing a swabbing technique listed. The choice of speculum and swabs available are described.
Offer KS, Russell CM, Carrick JB, Wallington CE, Cudmore LA, Cuming RS, Collins NM.Peritoneal fluid analysis has both diagnostic and prognostic value in colic but is little reported in the post-partum mare. Multiple conditions may present similarly in this period, and peritoneal fluid findings may aid a prompt diagnosis. Objective: To describe the peritoneal fluid findings and their association with diagnosis in mares presenting to a single referral hospital for treatment of post-partum emergencies. Methods: A retrospective clinical study. Methods: Clinical records of 110 Thoroughbred mares were reviewed. Details of peritoneal fluid analysis from samples obtained at admissio...
Lopez MJ, Wilson DG, Trostle SS, Markel MD.To compare the mechanical properties of 2 interlocking-nail systems for fixation of ostectomized equine third metacarpi (MC3): (1) a standard interlocking nail with 2 parallel screws proximal and distal to a 1-cm ostectomy; and (2) a modified interlocking nail with 2 screws proximal and distal to a 1-cm ostectomy with the screws offset by 30 degrees. Methods: Twelve pairs of adult equine forelimbs intact from the midradius distally. Methods: Twelve pairs of equine MC3 were divided into 2 test groups (6 pairs each): torsion and caudocranial 4-point bending. Standard interlocking nails (6-hole, ...
Nerren JR, Payne S, Halbert ND, Martens RJ, Cohen ND.Rhodococcus equi is an intracellular pathogen of macrophages that causes rhodococcal pneumonia in foals and immunocompromised people. Evidence exists that neutrophils play a vital role in resistance to infection with R. equi; however, the means by which neutrophils exert their effects have not been clearly defined. In addition to directly killing bacteria, neutrophils also may exert a protective effect by linking innate and adaptive immune responses. In the present study we evaluated the cytokine expression profiles of adult equine neutrophils in response to stimulation with isogenic strains o...
Hövener J, Pokar J, Merle R, Gehlen H.Heart murmurs are detected frequently when auscultating horses and certain murmurs can usually be linked to specific valvular regurgitations. Limited information exists about the accuracy of these broad rules in warmblood horses and the influence of grade of the regurgitation and dimensional changes on murmur intensity. This study aims to clarify the accuracy of cardiac auscultation in warmblood horses and the influence of the grade of regurgitation and dimensional changes on the loudness of the murmur. In this retrospective study, 822 warmblood horses presented for cardiac examination in a la...
Nelson BB, Kawcak CE, Ehrhart EJ, Goodrich LR.To compare intra and postoperative clinical features of desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor tendon (ALSDFT) using the Saber radiofrequency (SaberRF) electrosurgical probe versus sharp transection with a tenotomy knife. Methods: Randomized, controlled, blocked (horse) design. Methods: Adult horses (n = 6). Methods: Each horse received bilateral, tenoscopic-guided ALSDFT desmotomy with a SaberRF and tenotomy knife, randomly assigned to left, or right limb. The desmotomy duration and intraoperative hemorrhage grades were recorded. Postoperatively, the grades ...
Braend M.Working with acidic starch gels (pH 5.9) (1965) detected a large number of horse serum protein zones migrating faster than the albumins. In the present communication these proteins shall be called acidic prealbumins or just prealbumins.
Riedler DC, Zsoldos RR, Robel M, Jobst ID, Licka TF.Electrical stimulation is commonly used as a modality for physical therapy in human and veterinary medicine. However, studies measuring the movement generated by electrical stimulation in horses are rare. The present study therefore evaluates the range of movement provoked by a commercially available physical therapy unit (FES310) and contrasts it with the movement generated by manually induced pelvic inclination (back rounding). Ten horses were tested on three measurement days over one week. Electrical stimulation was applied via a back treatment pad (belonging to the FES310 system) containin...
Turner KK, Nielsen BD, O'Connor CI, Burton JL.The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of supplementation of Dynamic Trio 50/50, a bee pollen-based product, to improve physical fitness, blood leukocyte profiles, and nutritional variables in exercised horses. Ten Arabian horses underwent a standardised exercise test (SET), then were pair-matched by sex and fitness and randomly assigned to BP (receiving 118 g of Dynamic Trio 50/50 daily) or CO (receiving 73 g of a placebo) for a period of 42 days. A total collection was conducted from days 18 to 21 on six geldings to determine nutrient retention and neutral detergent fibre ...
Kallfelz FA, Lowe JE.Three thyroid function tests were carried out on ten normal yearling horses. These were the T-4 test which allows the determination of total serum thyroxine and FBI, the labelled triiodothyronine resin sponge uptake test (T-3 test), and the chemical determination of FBI. The T-4 test appeared to be superior to the chemical determination of FBI in assessing thyroid function in the horse. The value of the T-3 test could not be assessed.--BMW.
Crabbe BG, Freeman DA, Grant BD, Kennedy P, Whitlatch L, MacRae K.Testicular feminization syndrome was diagnosed in a mare with aggressive, stallion like behavior and a history of infertility. She was found to have a high baseline testosterone concentration suggesting that testicular tissue was present, and ovarian-like structures examined by use of transrectal ultrasonography had the appearance typical of testicular tissue. Although her external female genitalia appeared normal, her vagina ended in a blind sac, and no cervix or uterus were identified. Surgery was performed, and structures removed from the abdominal cavity were determined to be hypoplastic t...
Finney S, Collins JA, Duggan V.The number of abandoned or otherwise neglected donkeys has significantly increased in Ireland in the recent past. The real or perceived capacity of the donkey to act as a reservoir of equine infectious disease, and thus pose an increased risk of disease transmission to horses and ponies, may be a factor in this increased abandonment and neglect. The authors here report on a field study exploring the infectious disease transmission threat the donkey poses to the general equine industry in Ireland through an examination of biosecurity standards and the views of horse and donkey exhibitors at nin...
Barquero N, Gilkerson JR, Newton JR.Evidence of vaccine efficacy is essential for practitioners when giving advice to clients about the relative merits of different vaccines or when trying to evaluate the economic benefits of instituting a vaccine program. In equine veterinary medicine, this sort of data, which are necessary to make informed decisions about vaccine use and effectiveness, are often not available. Veterinarians need to consider the epidemiology of the disease in question, the type of vaccine that they are administering to the animal, the immunologic constraints of the vaccine technology, and the available evidence...
Chaffin MK, Ruoff WW, Schmitz DG, Carter GK, Morris EL, Steyn P.The research paper documents a case of Hypertrophic Osteopathy (HO) in a young Arabian horse, where response to treatment and significant regression of the disease following management of an intrathoracic […]
Ragle CA, Southwood LL, Galuppo LD, Howlett MR.Two mares were referred for evaluation after dystocia and rectal prolapse. Diagnostic laparoscopy, performed while the horses were standing, was used to evaluate the condition of the distal portion of the colon, rectum, uterus, and mesocolon. In both horses, laparoscopic observation revealed tears in the mesocolon of the descending colon. Exploration from the left or right flank was adequate. Because of the poor prognosis associated with the findings, euthanasia was elected at completion of laparoscopy. Tears in the mesocolon are not easily detected by use of traditional tests. Laparoscopy pro...
Miller KF, Wesson JA, Ginther OJ.The effects of administration of equine follicular fluid (FF) on gonadotropin concentrations in the ovariectomized (OVX) mare were examined. The FF was obtained by aspiration of follicles in ovaries obtained during the summer at a slaughterhouse. Systemic administration of whole equine FF to OVX mares resulted in significant decreases in circulating concentrations of FSH (26.0–74.0% of the pretreatment concentrations depending on dosage). Treatment with FF from which steroids had been removed tended (P0.10) on FSH. Treatment with whole FF initially decreased and then increased the concentrat...
