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Topic:Veterinary Research
Veterinary research in horses encompasses the study of diseases, health management, and medical treatments specific to equine species. This field investigates various aspects of horse health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. Researchers focus on understanding the pathophysiology of equine ailments, developing diagnostic tools, and evaluating therapeutic interventions. The study of horse health also involves examining preventive measures such as vaccination protocols and nutritional management to promote overall well-being. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse areas of veterinary science related to horses, providing insights into disease mechanisms, treatment strategies, and advancements in equine healthcare.
Placental and plasma cystine aminopeptidase in pregnant animals. The placental and plasma cystine aminopeptidase (CAP) in pregnant animals was examined on stability after the treatment with L-methionine, ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and heat. Inhibitory effects of these treatments on enzyme activities were different among CAPs from the animal species, however, significant correlation in those effects between placental and plasma CAPs was observed. These results suggested that plasma CAP might reflect placental CAP and seemed to be available for estimating maternal gestational conditions.
Critical tests of thiabendazole, oxibendazole, and oxfendazole for drug resistance of population-B equine small strongyles (1989 and 1990). Critical tests were conducted in horses (n = 11) with naturally acquired infections of benzimidazole (BZ)-resistant population-B small strongyles in 1989 and 1990. Anthelmintics administered were thiabendazole (44 mg/kg of body weight, n = 4), oxibendazole (10 mg/kg, n = 3), and oxfendazole (OFZ, 10 mg/kg; n = 4). All compounds were paste formulations administered orally except for 1 of the OFZ treatments, which was a suspension formulation given by stomach tube. Aggregate mean efficacy was calculated for all species of small strongyles, drug-resistant and non-resistant. The highest efficacy w...
Dung dispersal and grazing area following treatment of horses with a single dose of ivermectin. Environmental consequences of treating horses with recommended dosages of ivermectin paste were studied in two controlled experiments with 29 horses in Ohio. In 1988, dung dispersal rates were measured by changes in dry weight over time of 48 copromes (300 g) formed from feces taken from four treatment and four control horses 3 days post ivermectin treatment. There was delayed dispersal of copromes from horses treated with ivermectin in June, resulting in significantly heavier ivermectin copromes compared with those of control horses by September. There was no difference in ivermectin or contr...
Gastric pH monitoring in healthy, suckling pony foals. Gastric pH was monitored in neonatal foals from birth to 3 months of age. Background pH decreased, especially during the first week of life. Milk had complex effects that depended on pH prior to sucking, confounded by the age of the foal: nearly neutral background pH tended to be acidified after milk intake; moderately acid background pH tended to be neutralized; low background pH was only slightly increased by milk. Absolute magnitude of the effects of milk decreased with age. Existence of a proulcerative intragastric environment in preweaning foals is postulated, but this must be considered ...
Besnoitiosis in a horse. Besnoitiosis was confirmed in a pony which presented with inspiratory dyspnoea, scleroderma and ventral oedema. Numerous cysts were visible in the sclerae. Histological examination of the skin confirmed the presence of numerous cysts. The parasite could not be transmitted by subcutaneous injection of homogenised skin from the infected horse to rabbits and a horse. Ultrastructural morphology of the crescent-shaped bradyzoites was not compatable with Besnoitia besnoiti or B. jellisoni and it is proposed that the infection was caused by B. bennetti.
[Foal diseases and foal loss]. An investigation was carried out upon occurrence and course of infectious and non infectious diseases as well as the mortality in foals born and raised at the State Stud Marbach/Lauter between 1982 and 1991. The foals have been investigated from birth to weaning, they consisted of 177 Thoroughbred Arabians and 285 German Warmblood foals (total 462 foals). The diseases were divided into pre-, peri- and postnatal according to their known or assumed cause and onset. There was a preponderance of prenatal diseases (11.25%) whereas the perinatal rate was 1.30% and the postnatal rate of diseases was ...
[Equine rhinopneumonitis: molecular epidemiology and diagnosis by molecular probes prepared from organs]. The authors briefly review the clinical forms of equine rhinopneumonitis and indicate changes in the nomenclature of equine herpesviral infections. The value of restriction profiles for epidemiological studies is described, taking as an example the strains of virus isolated in France. A technique is given for preparing molecular probes, as well as the application of these probes in direct diagnosis from biological specimens.
Control strategies for ruminant and equine parasites to counter resistance, encystment, and ecotoxicity in the USA. The need for improved parasite control strategies to conserve anthelmintic efficacy and to avoid drug-related problems are addressed. Recent surveys have revealed a trend for sole dependence on ivermectin by livestock owners in the USA, with little regard for epidemiologic-based strategies, or the annual rotation of unrelated anthelmintic groups. Innovative parasite control strategies for cattle, sheep, and horses in northern USA are presented. The importance of closer monitoring and more rational use of anthelmintics is stressed.
Neuropeptide distributions in the colon, cecum, and jejunum of the horse. The pelvic flexure portion of the equine large colon is the proposed location of a pacemaker mechanism. This study was conducted to ascertain whether the distribution of certain putative neurotransmitters differs at the pelvic flexure compared to other sampling sites. Tissue samples were collected from the intestinal tracts of six horses. Serial sections from these samples were reacted with primary antisera specific for substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), methionine-Enkephalin, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). The regional distribution of immunoreactive neuronal el...
Different in vitro metabolism of 7 alpha-methyl-19-nortestosterone by human and equine aromatases. The ability of human and equine placental microsomes to aromatize 7 alpha-methyl-19-nortestosterone (MNT) was studied. Kinetic analysis indicates that MNT shares the androgen-binding site of human and equine placental microsomal aromatases. Human placental microsomal estrogen synthetase had about a 2.5-fold higher relative affinity for MNT than the equine placental enzyme (KiMNT/Km androstenedione of 32 versus 87). However, MNT was not metabolized by human placental microsomes, whereas it was very actively metabolized by equine placental microsomes. Further studies using purified equine cytoch...
The bronchial tree and lobular division of the horse lung. The lungs of five horses were examined. At present, in veterinary anatomy, the horse lung is divided into the cranial and caudal lobes by the cardiac notch on either side. In addition to these lobes, in the right lung, the accessory lobe is present. However, from the viewpoint of the bronchial ramifications, the horse lung can be divided into the cranial, middle, caudal and accessory lobes bilaterally. The horse lung has four bronchiole systems on either side, dorsal, lateral, ventral and medial. The cranial lobe is formed by the first bronchiole of the dorsal bronchiole system. The middle lob...
Immunocytochemical localization of some turkey pituitary hormones using antisera to human hormones. This study was conducted to determine the crossreactivity of antisera to human prolactin (PRL), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and growth hormone (GH) to turkey pituicytes. In addition, crossreactivities of the above antisera and antiserum to turkey GH to pituicytes of turkey, cat, rabbit, horse, owl monkey, and human were evaluated. Results of the immunocytochemical localizations showed that with one exception antisera to human hormones were positive for each species tested. Turkey pituicytes failed to crossreact with antiserum to human GH. Likewise, antiserum to turkey GH failed to cros...
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma in a stallion. Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma found in a 6-year-old Anglo-Arabian stallion was investigated histologically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally. The animal showed a large mediastinal mass and generalized lymph node involvement. The neoplastic cells were in various differentiation stages of small lymphocyte, centrocyte, centroblast, immunoblast and plasma cell. Some neoplastic cells showed positive cytoplasmic reactivity for mu and lambda chains. There were well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and Golgi complexes in plasmacytoid cells, and slightly developed RER or a few long s...
Relationship of serum total calcium to serum albumin in dogs, cats, horses and cattle. A retrospective study was performed in order to assess the relationship between serum calcium and serum albumin concentrations in domestic animals. Results of 9041 canine, 1564 feline, 2917 equine, and 613 bovine serum samples from hospitalized patients were examined by regression analysis. Subpopulations of cases with concurrent elevations in creatinine or that were less than six months of age were evaluated separately. Statistically significant linear relationships between calcium and albumin concentrations were established for each species (p <0.05). The coefficients of determination (r(...
Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of avermectins in livestock. The kinetics of avermectin disposition and metabolism in ruminant livestock and horses are reviewed with particular emphasis on the influence of route of administration and formulation on persistence of residues in tissues and excretion in faeces. Because information is not publicly available on other compounds in this class currently under development (e.g. moxidectin, doramectin), ivermectin only is considered. The biological half-life of ivermectin in plasma is similar in cattle and sheep but because of a larger volume of distribution, plasma clearance is more rapid in sheep. However, injec...
Factors affecting ACTH release from perifused equine anterior pituitary cells. The multifactorial control of ACTH is well established. We wished to establish and characterize an in-vitro perifusion system, using equine anterior pituitary cells and physiological concentrations of secretagogues, to investigate factors which affect the dynamics of ACTH secretion. Anterior pituitary tissue was divided for dispersion into cells with collagenase, trypsin or dispase, or by mechanical dispersion. After dispersal followed by 18-h incubation, cells were perifused and the ACTH response to 10-min pulses of arginine vasopressin (AVP; 100 nmol/l), corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH...
The cDNA sequence of horse transferrin. The cDNA sequence of horse transferrin was determined by sequencing clones isolated from a horse liver cDNA library and clones obtained by PCR. The 2305 bp horse transferrin cDNA sequence included part of the 5' untranslated region and extended to the poly(A) tail. It had 80% sequence identity with the human transferrin cDNA, and encoded a protein of 706 residues, including a signal sequence of 19 amino acids. The horse transferrin sequence had the duplicated structure and conserved iron binding and cysteine residues which are characteristic of the transferrin family.
An outbreak of strangles in young ponies. A natural outbreak of strangles occurred in a group of 19 young experimental ponies. The disease was diagnosed in 11 of them within two days of their arrival at Glasgow University veterinary school and five others developed clinical signs within a further four days, a morbidity rate of 84 per cent. All of the affected ponies had typical signs of strangles including dullness, anorexia, pyrexia, regional lymphadenitis, occasionally with rupture of the lymph node, conjunctivitis and a mucopurulent nasal discharge. Nine of the affected ponies were destroyed during the clinical phase of the disease...
Clinical and pathological features of thoracic neoplasia in the horse. Thirty-eight horses with confirmed thoracic neoplasia included 28 (37.7%) with lymphosarcoma, 4 (10.5%) with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, 2 (5.3%) with primary lung carcinoma, 2 (5.3%) with secondary squamous cell carcinoma from the stomach, 1 (2.6%) with pleural mesothelioma, and 1 (2.6%) with malignant melanoma. The major clinical features included weight loss, inappetence, dyspnoea and coughing, but in cases of lung metastases, they related more to the primary site of tumour formation. Haematological and serum biochemical abnormalities were non-specific. Specific pre-mortem diagnosis wa...
A liquid chromatographic procedure for the analysis of yohimbine in equine serum and urine. A standardbred mare was dosed with 40 mg yohimbine intravenously. Serum and urine samples were collected and analyzed for yohimbine using solvent extraction and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. Maximum yohimbine concentrations of 45 and 18 ng/mL were observed in serum and urine samples, respectively. Elimination was rapid, with half-lives of approximately 20 and 53 min observed for serum and urine, respectively. The presence of yohimbine in these samples was confirmed by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS/MS).
Responses of ponies to equid herpesvirus-1 ISCOM vaccination and challenge with virus of the homologous strain. An experimental (ISCOM) vaccine previously shown to protect hamsters from lethal challenge with equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1), was tested in horses. Vaccination with EHV-1 ISCOMs induced serum antibodies to the major virus glycoproteins gp10, 13, 14, 17, 18 and 21/22a, whereas antibody responses to gp2 were weak or absent. High levels of virus neutralising antibody of long duration were induced, but did not prevent challenge infection with virus of the homologous strain. However, in the vaccinated ponies there was a significant reduction in clinical signs, nasal virus excretion and cell associat...
