Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Dynamic Adaptation of Heart Rate and Autonomic Regulation During Training and Recovery Periods in Response to a 12-Week Structured Exercise Programme in Untrained Adult and Geriatric Horses. Changes in resting heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) are utilised to assess training effects in horses. However, limited research has examined how these variables reflect training effects during exercise sessions and recovery periods, particularly in horses of different ages. This study investigated how HR and HRV changed during exercise sessions and recovery periods in untrained adult horses (UAHs; = 9) and geriatric horses (UGHs; = 9). HR and HRV were measured before and during a 54 min exercise bout over a 12-week training programme. Mixed-effects model with Greenhouse-Geisser corr...
Pilot Study on the Profiling and Functional Analysis of mRNA, miRNA, and lncRNA in the Skeletal Muscle of Mongolian Horses, Xilingol Horses, and Grassland-Thoroughbreds. Muscle fibers, as the fundamental units of muscle tissue, play a crucial role in determining skeletal muscle function through their growth, development, and composition. To investigate changes in muscle fiber types and their regulatory mechanisms in Mongolian horses (MG), Xilingol horses (XL), and Grassland-Thoroughbreds (CY), we conducted histological and bioinformatic analyses on the gluteus medius muscle of these three horse breeds. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that Grassland-Thoroughbreds had the highest proportion of fast-twitch muscle fibers at 78.63%, while Mongolian horses had ...
Wild horses: Tartar warfare and the history of civilization. In 1644, the Manchus, a Tungusic population from northeast Asia, conquered Ming China, establishing the Qing Empire. Four years later, Crimean Tartar horsemen joined a major uprising against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, gravely destabilizing one of Europe's largest states. These near-simultaneous incursions by ostensibly nomadic, horse-riding 'Tartars' into firearm-defended sedentary states generated extensive historiographical reflection on the role of nomads and their warhorse-centred armies in shaping human history. This article explores how the Jesuit Martino Martini drew on these T...
Comparison of equine-induced pluripotent stem cell characteristics induced on different cell adhesion substrates. This study evaluated the effects of cell adhesion substrates that lead to the generation of equine-induced pluripotent stem cells (eiPSC) from embryonic skin fibroblasts by lipofection of plasmid vectors expressing five reprogramming factors. The reprogramming efficiency of cells induced on the E8 fragment of laminin-511 (eiPSC-511) was higher than that on Geltrex containing laminin-111 as a major laminin (eiPSC-111), and supplementation with a cocktail of small molecular compounds increased the number of iPSC colonies on both substrates. In the cell proliferation assay, eiPSC-511 showed highe...
Metformin and rosiglitazone affect motility, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial activity of thawed equine spermatozoa. Maintaining sperm energy homeostasis in vitro is very important to improve the efficacy of stallion sperm preservation. Equine spermatozoa preferentially utilize oxidative phosphorylation over glycolysis to generate ATP. Metformin and rosiglitazone are antidiabetic compounds that enhances metabolic flexibility and glucose utilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate metformin and rosiglitazone supplementation of the freezing medium on quality and oxidative status of thawed stallion semen. A total of 15 ejaculates from five horses were collected and supplemented before freezing with metfo...
Blood gas analysis, hematology, biochemistry and Apgar score during the first 24 hours of life of Mangalarga Marchador foals. Advancements in equine neonatology enable continuous monitoring of mares throughout pregnancy. However, reference values for oxygenation and biochemical parameters in newborn foals remain limited. Objective: This study aimed to assess the oxygenation status of healthy Mangalarga Marchador foals from birth to 24 h postpartum by evaluating blood gas analysis, Apgar scores, and biochemical and hematological parameters. Methods: Thirty healthy Mangalarga Marchador foals were evaluated. Blood samples were collected from the umbilical artery at birth (T0) and from the dorsal metatarsal artery at 15 ...
Prediction of the start of parturition in mares using camera image analysis. This study aimed to detect characteristic changes in the behavior and body surface temperature (BST) of pregnant mares before parturition using camera image analysis. A total of 53 pregnant Thoroughbred mares, which were individually stabled in box stalls, were included in this study. The mares were continuously monitored using a digital camera system comprising a thermal imaging camera and a visible camera. For the automatic determination of the x and y coordinates of each mare, the centroid of the mares was calculated using image processing software. Subsequently, trajectory analysis was per...
Effect of Alternative Splicing Euchromatic Histone Lysine Methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2/G9A) on Spermatogenesis in Mongolian Horses. The epigenetic regulation of gene expression through the covalent modification of histones is crucial for developing germline cells. To study the regulatory role of alternative splicing (AS) of euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2/G9A) in spermatogenesis in Mongolian horses, this study first examines the localization of the EHMT2 gene in testicular support cells and then predicts the higher-order structures of sequences with and without AS. Two types of lentiviral vectors for overexpression were subsequently constructed for the EHMT2 gene, one with AS and one without, to infec...
Aleurone supplementation enhances the metabolic benefits of training in Standardbred mares: impacts on glucose-insulin dynamics and gut microbiome composition. Aleurone, derived from the bran layer of grains like wheat and barley, has demonstrated positive effects on energy metabolism in pigs, mice, and untrained horses, influencing glucose-insulin dynamics and gut microbiome composition. Training itself enhances insulin sensitivity in horses, similar to the improvements in performance capacity observed in human athletes. This study aimed to investigate whether aleurone supplementation provides additional benefits to training by modulating insulin metabolism and gut microbiota in Standardbred mares. Unassigned: Sixteen Standardbred mares (aged 3-5 ye...
Exploring equine behavior: Wearable sensors data and explainable AI for enhanced classification. Understanding equine behavior through advanced monitoring technologies is crucial for improving animal welfare, optimizing training strategies, and enabling early detection of health or stress-related issues. This study integrates wearable sensor data with Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques, particularly SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations), to enhance interpretability in equine behavior classification. The data used in this study were sourced from an open-source dataset, ensuring transparency and reproducibility. Orginally, data were collected from 18 horses using sensor dev...
Exploring the genetic influences on equine analgesic efficacy through genome-wide association analysis of ranked pain responses. Multimodal analgesic administration is a promising strategy for mitigating side effects typically associated with analgesia; nevertheless, variation in analgesic effectiveness still poses a considerable safety concern for both horses and veterinarians. Pharmacogenomic studies have started delving into genetic influences on varying drug effectiveness and related side effects. However, current findings have narrow implications and are limited in their ability to individualize analgesic dosages in horses. Hydromorphone and detomidine were administered to a cohort of 48 horses at standardized time...
Study of Trichinella spp. Seroprevalence in Horse Population of West Azerbaijan, Northwestern Iran. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of in horses in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran a region known for its wildlife interactions. Unassigned: The study was conducted in March 2016 across four cities in West Azerbaijan: Urmia, Chaldoran, Sardasht, and Khoy, Iran. A total of 184 equines, ranging from three to over ten years of age, were randomly sampled. Blood samples were collected and were analyzed using the ID Screen® Indirect Multi-species ELISA to detect antibodies. Unassigned: Of the 184 serum samples, 4 (4.3%) from northern counties and 2 (2.2%) from southern counties tested positi...
Major Salivary Gland Examinations of the Donkey (Equus asinus) Using Sectional Anatomy, Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Visualizing the major salivary glands (MSGs) in domestic mammals using plain radiology and identifying damaged their structures is impossible. To accurately display MSGs, the knowledge of normal sectional imaging anatomy is essential for veterinarians, aiding them significantly in identifying the exact relations and position of MSGs; however, no reports on the MSGs sectional imaging anatomy in this species have been made. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and gross sections of MSGs. Methods: Seven healthy adult donkeys were used ...
Cryopreservation of Horse Sperm. Cryopreservation is currently the only strategy for long-term conservation of equine sperm. To get optimal post-thaw sperm survival, carefully following each step of the freezing protocol is crucial. First, one needs to obtain and exhaustively analyze an ejaculate of good sperm quality. Then, the seminal plasma is removed by centrifugation, and the resulting pellet is resuspended in a certain volume of the freezing medium to reach the right sperm concentration. Finally, sperm samples are packaged into 0.5-mL straws, cooled, and frozen using an automatic, controlled-rate freezer. Once the tempe...
A Laboratory Protocol for Routine Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Beta-Lactams Antimicrobials in Horses and Dogs. Background: Although antibiotic resistance is a well-known issue in veterinary medicine, studies proposing real-time therapeutic monitoring (TDM) are lacking. The objective of the present study was to develop a simple and rapid protocol for the real-time therapeutic monitoring of antibiotics in horses and dogs. Methods: A reliable TDM protocol should encompass guidelines for the definition of plasma/serum collection time points, sample management by the clinical staff, transportation to the laboratory, and the availability of robust and swift analytical technologies. Ampicillin and sulbactam w...
The application of the pyramidal training model for conditioning thoroughbred horses. The purpose of this review was to analyze the scientific background and practical application of a very successful human training methodology, the pyramidal training model, to the Thoroughbred racehorse. Despite years of research and accumulated knowledge on human training methods to enhance endurance performance, Thoroughbred training programs have lacked significant change. This review introduces the pyramidal training model, explains the science that underpins this training concept and outlines one approach to translate this science into the equine field. It also discusses the importance of...
Head and Neck Positions Affect Equine Kinematic Variables in Marcha Batida Gait-A Pilot Study. The Mangalarga Marchador (MM) breed naturally performs four-beat gaits known as "Marcha". Kinematic analysis can provide insights for optimizing training and competition performance in this breed while potentially mitigating welfare concerns associated with extreme head and neck positions (HNPs) applied without an adequate understanding of their impacts. We examined how different HNPs affect the MM horse's Marcha Batida gait. Four HNPs were evaluated: HPN1-loose reins, HPN2-the competition standard for MM, HPN3-an extremely elevated head and neck, and HPN4-a slightly behind-the-vertical positi...
Sperm Vitrification in Horse and Donkey. Sperm vitrification is a novel-assisted reproductive technique that is increasingly gaining relevance in the last years. This technique allows to cryopreserve sperm from valuable stallions and donkeys without the exposure to permeable cryoprotectants, particularly toxic for the gametes of these species.This chapter aims to describe the current range of methodologies available that are key to ensure sperm quality after vitrification and warming of stallion and donkey sperm.
Prevalence and risk factors of Babesia species in domestic herbivores in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Babesia species are tick-transmitted hemoprotozoa that infect mammals, birds, and humans, posing a significant global threat to veterinary medicine threat. In this study, the authors systematically retrieved articles on the occurrence of Babesia species in domestic herbivores in China, including ovine, bovine, and equine species, through a search in the following six databases from their inception to 4 November 2024: PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and VIP Chinese Journal Database. A total of 94 studies (54 high-quality studies, 4...
Variation in SeM genotype is associated with virulence of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi in mice. Strangles is a common infectious disease caused by Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (S. equi) that primarily affects the upper respiratory system. To date, 271 alleles of the M protein (seM) have been identified that may be related to antigenic differences of isolates. This study evaluated the virulence of S. equi isolates from different alleles of the M protein in an experimental mouse model. Thirty-six Swiss mice were allocated into 12 groups (G1-G12) and each infected group received a different isolate of S. equi recovered from horses with strangles: G1: seM-117; G2: seM-61; G3: seM-123; ...
Use of the rectus sheath block for perioperative analgesia in three foals undergoing omphalectomy and cystoplasty. Locoregional techniques promote multimodal analgesia and may reduce general anaesthetic requirements. However, there is limited evidence in foals. The rectus sheath block (RSB) is an interfascial plane block previously described in other species such as dogs, cats, pigs, and calves, and recently in foals, which targets desensitization of ventral abdominal midline. This block may provide an efficacious analgesic alternative for ventral celiotomies and umbilical surgeries. This case series reports the use of a bilateral RSB with 0.25-0.3 mL kg-1 bupivacaine (maximum dose of 2 mg kg-1) per hemiab...
Characteristics of Chrysosporium spp. Pathogens Causing Skin Mycoses in Horses. Equine skin mycoses are a significant concern in Kazakhstan's livestock industry due to the country's historical livestock farming practices, the development of equestrian sports, and food traditions. Skin infections are among the most common fungal infections in horses. Emerging pathogens of equine dermatophytosis include keratinophilic Chrysosporium spp., which can degrade and metabolize keratin found in superficial tissues. This, combined with their thermotolerance, contributes to their pathogenicity. In this study, we investigated the biological properties and pathogenicity of two Chrysosp...
Physiological and behavioral parameters of pain and stress in mares during and after transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration. The use of transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration (TVA) for oocyte collection has become a widely used procedure in horses for embryo production (IVEP). The TVA procedure is characterized by various manipulations, which are physical restraint, perineal preparation, transrectal palpation, insertion of an intravaginal device, and needle punctures. These repeated transvaginal and transovarian punctures have raised concerns about their potential effects on mare welfare. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of TVA manipulations, and especially puncturing, on pain and stress in ma...
Ivermectin performance against equine strongylids: Efficacy, egg reappearance periods, and fecal egg counting method comparison. Equine strongylids are ubiquitous and can cause severe health issues. Anthelmintic resistance is widely common in cyathostomin parasites, and recent studies have documented increasing incidence of resistance to the macrocyclic lactone drug class. Several European countries have implemented prescription-only restrictions of anthelmintic usage by law to reduce anthelmintic treatment intensity and decrease the selection pressure for drug resistance. However, long term outcomes of this approach have not been thoroughly evaluated. The aim was to determine ivermectin efficacy in strongylids by means...
Blood-Meal Hosts of the Enzootic Vector of Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus, Culiseta melanura, in Michigan, United States. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEEV) is endemic in Michigan, showing an upsurge in human cases and in infections of white-tailed deer, horses, and other animals in the past decade (2010-2020). However, blood-host associations of the enzootic mosquito vector Culiseta melanura in the Great Lakes region are poorly known compared with other better-studied regions. Vertebrate sources of blood meals of Cs. melanura collected from resting boxes were determined through sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome B gene generated from polymerase chain reaction. Thirty-six unique avian species w...
The effects of a plant-based and a plant- and marine-based n-3 oil supplement on behavioural reactivity, heart rate variability, and plasma fatty acid profile in young healthy horses. Behavioural reactivity in horses poses a welfare and safety risk to both the horse and the handler, however, beneficial effects have been observed when dietary fat is increased in replacement of sugar. Supplementation with the fatty acids (FA) eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) appear to improve negative behaviours in rodents and humans, but the effect of α-linolenic acid (ALA), EPA, and DHA, specifically, on reactivity in horses is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of camelina oil (CAM; ALA-enriched) and a mix of camelina and algal oil (ALG; ...
Investigating the interplay of stressors and health in horses through fecal cortisol metabolite analysis. Horses are highly sensitive to stress, which can affect their wellbeing and lead to various health issues. Effective and objective stress assessment is therefore crucial for improving their care and management. The production of the glucocorticoid cortisol is increased in response to stressful stimuli and its metabolites can be measured non-invasively in feces. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the impact of different environmental and physiological stressors on fecal cortisol metabolite (FCM) concentrations in horses, with a particular focus on the relationship between stress, health, an...
An unusual case of a monorchid horse with an abdominally retained testicle. Introduction Monorchidism is a rarely described condition in the horse and is not to be confused with cryptorchidism. The diagnosis is challenging and confirmed by surgery and histology in combination with hormonal assays. This report describes, to the best of the author's knowledge, the first case of monorchidism and abdominal cryptorchidism of the developed testicle in a horse. Methods An Irish Cob underwent laparoscopic castration for removal of bilateral cryptorchid testicles. At surgery the horse was diagnosed as a monorchid with the testicle retained intra-abdominally. Histopathological,...
Popular Topics
- Equine Health (61419)
- Veterinary Medicine (51729)
- Horses (47219)
- Veterinary Research (32986)
- Clinical Study (26766)
- Equine Diseases (26696)
- Veterinary Care (25631)
- Disease Diagnosis (24312)
- Diagnosis (23901)
- Animal Health (19754)
- Physiology (18295)
- Disease Treatment (17484)
- Equine Science (17342)
- Disease (14678)
- Animal Science (14501)
- Clinical Pathology (14285)
- Infection (12786)
- Comparative Study (12386)
- Diagnostic Technique (11589)
- Infectious Disease (11262)
- Epidemiology (11024)
- Disease Etiology (10336)
- Genetics (10093)
- Veterinary Science (9795)
- Animal Studies (9562)
- Veterinary Procedure (8770)
- Clinical Symptoms (8616)
- Case Reports (8318)
- Reproduction (8245)
- Biochemistry (7848)
- Laboratory Methods (7426)
- Clinical Findings (7423)
- In Vivo (7118)
- Disease Management (6524)
- Anatomy (6293)
- Surgery (6269)
- Public Health (6017)
- In Vitro Research (6014)
- Immunology (6005)
- Mares (5947)
- Musculoskeletal System (5361)
- Molecular biology (5344)
- Pharmacology (5227)
- Inflammation (5188)
- Foals (4750)
- Veterinary Practice (4711)
- Virus (4420)
- Blood (4367)
- Equine Studies (4268)
- Thoroughbreds (4264)
