Analyze Diet

Topic:Inflammation

Inflammation is a biological response of the horse's body to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. It is a complex process that involves the activation of immune cells, the release of inflammatory mediators, and changes in blood flow. In horses, inflammation can manifest in various forms, affecting different tissues and organs, including the joints, respiratory system, and skin. The inflammatory response is an essential component of the horse's immune system, aiming to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, clear out damaged cells and tissues, and establish tissue repair. This topic page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the mechanisms, effects, and management of inflammation in equine health.
Aetiological relevance of haematological, biochemical and endocrine parameters on equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH).
Equine veterinary journal    July 8, 2025   doi: 10.1111/evj.14555
Tretow M, Hain AM, Bienert-Zeit A.The dental syndrome EOTRH is a painful, progressive dental disease with an unknown aetiology. The often painful nature of EOTRH emphasises the need for a better knowledge of the underlying pathogenic mechanism and risk factors. A comparative analysis of haematological, biochemical and endocrine values in EOTRH-affected and non-affected horses has not been described. Objective: To compare haematological, biochemical, and endocrine parameters in EOTRH-affected and non-affected horses to detect risk factors for horses developing EOTRH. Methods: Cross sectional. Methods: Blood samples of 154 Icela...
Obesity-Associated Metabolomic and Functional Reprogramming in Neutrophils from Horses with Asthma.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI    July 7, 2025   Volume 15, Issue 13 1992 doi: 10.3390/ani15131992
Albornoz A, Morales B, Fernandez VB, Henriquez C, Quiroga J, Alarcón P, Moran G, Burgos RA.Equine asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterised by neutrophilic inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and impaired pulmonary function. Obesity, increasingly prevalent among domestic horses, has been identified as a potential risk factor for exacerbating inflammatory conditions. This study aimed to explore whether obesity modifies neutrophil metabolism and inflammatory responses in horses affected by asthma. Six asthmatic horses in clinical remission were categorised into two groups: obese and non-obese, based on body condition score. Serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) an...
Quantitative proteomics unveils potential plasma biomarkers and provides insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying equine metabolic syndrome.
BMC veterinary research    July 2, 2025   Volume 21, Issue 1 425 doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-04879-6
Espinosa-López EM, Ortiz-Guisado B, Diez de Castro E, Durham A, Aguilera-Tejero E, Gómez-Baena G.Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) is a multifactorial endocrine disorder characterized by obesity, insulin dysregulation (ID), and an increase in the risk of laminitis, a painful condition that can lead to euthanasia in severe cases. Diagnosing EMS is challenging and often relies on clinical history including obesity, difficulty in losing weight, and recurring episodes of laminitis. The gold standard for laboratory support of an EMS diagnosis is the identification of ID, with basal insulin being the simplest and most accessible method, especially in a field setting. However, various factors such...
Distribution of endocannabinoid system receptors in the equine hoof: dysregulation as a potential therapeutic target for laminitis.
Histochemistry and cell biology    July 1, 2025   Volume 163, Issue 1 71 doi: 10.1007/s00418-025-02397-y
Zamith Cunha R, Gobbo F, Morini M, Zannoni A, Mainardi C, D'arpe L, Gramenzi A, Chiocchetti R.A growing body of evidence indicates that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) is essential for controlling the homeostasis of the skin and that the ECS is modified in the presence of skin disease. It is plausible to expect that the lamellar junction of the hoof expresses cannabinoid receptors and that their expression could be affected by lamellar disease. The goal of this study was to characterise the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) and type 2 (CB2R) and the G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) within the dermo-epidermal junction of the hooves of healthy and laminitic horses. The expression ...
Complications associated with subpalpebral lavage systems in upper and lower equine eyelids: A prospective, randomised study in 73 cases (2015-2024).
Equine veterinary journal    June 26, 2025   doi: 10.1111/evj.14540
Graham AE, Carslake HB, Malalana F.Evidence for optimal location of subpalpebral lavage (SPL) systems is lacking. Objective: To compare the rate and types of complications with SPL systems located in central upper- compared with medial lower-eyelid in hospitalised patients. Methods: Prospective, randomised treatment trial. Methods: Horses admitted for ophthalmic treatment using an SPL system from February 2015 to January 2024 were included if ocular pathology did not necessitate SPL system placement in a specific location. Coin toss was used to determine location. SPL systems were monitored at least daily, and complications wer...
Pantoea agglomerans in Equine Ulcerative Keratitis: Prevalence and Comparative Efficacy of Four Topical Antiseptics.
Veterinary ophthalmology    June 25, 2025   doi: 10.1111/vop.70044
No abstract available
Evaluation of use of respiratory physiotherapy in treatment of young foals with pneumonia.
Journal of equine veterinary science    June 25, 2025   105637 doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105637
Rossi HS, Mykkänen AK, Teppo AM, Junnila JJT, Hyytiäinen HK.Pneumonia is a common condition in young, hospitalized foals, causing accumulation of inflammatory secretions to the airways. In humans, respiratory physiotherapy is commonly used as a supplementary treatment for pneumonia with varying results regarding its efficacy, but the efficacy in foals has not been assessed to date. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of respiratory physiotherapy as a supplementary therapy method for young foals with pneumonia. Methods: A total of 44 foals with pneumonia aged under a month were used. The prospective intervention group receivi...
Methodology of easy-to-use horizontally centrifuged platelet-rich fibrin as a topical treatment for equine ulcerative keratitis in 5 horses.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association    June 20, 2025   1-10 doi: 10.2460/javma.25.03.0204
Collins E, Barr E, Zhang C, Steadman M, Gilger B, Henriksen ML.To describe the most efficient topical horizontally centrifuged platelet-rich fibrin (H-PRF) treatment protocol for equine ulcerative keratitis (EUK) that is easy to use, and to report the preliminary concentration of growth factors and cytokines in equine H-PRF. Unassigned: 5 client-owned horses diagnosed with EUK were enrolled over an 11-month period. Unassigned: 3 horses were geldings, and 2 were mares. The mean (± SD) age was 5.95 ± 5.01 years. The owners' main goal was to avoid surgery for EUK. Unassigned: H-PRF was used in 3 different protocols: solid H-PRF, sutured to the EUK area (n ...
Effects of Induced Endotoxaemia on Global Cardiovascular, Oxygenation and Haematologic Variables and the Integrity of the Endothelial Glycocalyx in the Horse.
Veterinary medicine and science    June 19, 2025   Volume 11, Issue 4 e70458 doi: 10.1002/vms3.70458
Neudeck S, Sauter PK, Kutter APN, Steblaj B, Söbbeler FJ, Reiners J, Freise F, Gutiérrez Bautitsta AJ, Kästner SBR.Endotoxaemia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in equids due to perfusion impairment and possible destruction of the glycocalyx. To evaluate our hypothesis that endotoxaemia induces changes in global cardiovascular and haematologic parameters and compromises glycocalyx integrity, evidenced by an early rise in plasma shedding products. In vivo experiments METHODS: In a prospective, randomised, controlled experimental trial, endotoxaemia was induced with E. coli B55:O5 LPS 30 ng kg over 30 min IV in six healthy adult horses ventilated with oxygen supplemented with isoflurane. St...
Clinical evaluation of freeze-dried secretome (lyosecretome) for osteoarthritis: a controlled trial in dogs and preliminary safety assessment in horses.
International journal of pharmaceutics    June 16, 2025   Volume 681 125864 doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125864
Berni P, Del Bue M, Conti V, Andreoli V, Ramoni R, Angelone M, Squassino GP, Bari E, Torre ML, Rinaldi M, Dotti S, Rossi R, Yusuf I, Mauri P....Most in vivo studies on MSC-secretome for osteoarthritis (OA) have relied on animal models, using products lacking pharmaceutical quality, not formulated for clinical use, and insufficiently characterized, limiting knowledge of its effectiveness. This study reports veterinary clinical trials on dogs and horses with spontaneous OA: in dogs (26 subjects), the trial is randomized, double-blinded, and controlled; in horses, 5 clinical cases were treated for safety assessment. Treatment consisted of hyaluronic acid with either lyosecretome - a freeze-dried, injectable MSC-secretome obtained through...
Cellular and Matrix Dynamics of the Equine Tendon.
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice    June 14, 2025   S0749-0739(25)00025-2 doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2025.04.007
Koch DW.Our understanding of tendon homeostasis and repair following injury has made great strides through basic science, clinical veterinary medicine, and preclinical translational research. We have now gleaned a greater understanding of the cellular and matrix dynamics that are being orchestrated within the tendon, which provide therapeutic opportunities. This article will focus on how utilizing the horse and equine tissues have advanced our understanding of tendinopathy and the cellular and matrix dynamics at play while also identifying continued gaps in our knowledge where the horse as a veterinar...
Adjunct Therapies for Tendon/Ligament Healing: Therapeutic Laser and Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy.
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice    June 14, 2025   Volume 41, Issue 2 391-401 doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2025.04.009
Pluim M, Reynolds A, McClure S.High-power laser therapy and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) can be safely used to treat tendon and ligament injuries in horses, and the potential beneficial effects have been described. The power of low level lasers is not sufficient for treatment of tendon and ligament injuries in horses. ESWT is used more often to treat tendon and ligament injuries than it is for any other type of condition in horses, but there is limited supporting scientific evidence. Further research should focus on establishing dosage and treatment protocols for both laser therapy and ESWT in horses with clinic...
Diagnosis and Strategies for the Treatment of Infectious Equine Tendon and Ligament Disorders.
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice    June 14, 2025   Volume 41, Issue 2 403-419 doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2025.05.002
Moreno C, Rice H.Diagnostic and treatment strategies for infectious equine tendon and ligament disorders are continually evolving where recent progress is focused on advanced imaging and evidence supporting endoscopic lavage and regional antimicrobial therapy.
Structure Function Relationships in the Aging Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon: Implications for Injury.
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice    June 14, 2025   Volume 41, Issue 2 239-250 doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2025.04.001
Zamboulis DE, Thorpe CT.The high stresses and strains experienced by the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) make it prone to age-related injury. The SDFT exhibits cellular and structural specializations, localized to the interfascicular matrix (IFM), enabling it to resist its extreme mechanical environment. With aging, these specializations are lost, impacting the ability of the tendon to withstand repeated loading. Within the IFM, there is loss of mechanical properties and organization accompanying cell senescence and a decreased resolution of inflammation. Developing therapeutics to reverse these changes may,...
Mechanical Stimulation of Equine Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Cartilage-Like In Vitro Model Triggers Osteoarthritis Features.
ACS biomaterials science & engineering    June 13, 2025   doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00500
Contentin R, Jehl C, Commenchail K, Legendre F, Galéra P, Cassé F, Demoor M.Osteoarthritis (OA) affects millions of people globally, causing irreversible cartilage damage, chronic inflammation, and progressive joint dysfunction. Similarly, horses can develop OA spontaneously or due to their athletic careers, influenced by mechanical and biochemical factors. Current treatments primarily focus on symptom relief without promoting cartilage regeneration. In line with the 3Rs principles (refine, reduce, replace), the development of OA models is essential for advancing new therapeutic approaches against OA. In response to this need, the present study aimed to develop an m...
PRP and hyaluronic acid reduce synovitis in horses after arthroscopic OCD removal in Andalusian horses.
Research in veterinary science    June 13, 2025   Volume 193 105768 doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105768
Munoz Moran JA.This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of intra-articular (IA) injections of a combination of platelet rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) on joint effusion following arthroscopic removal of OCD in the tarso-crural joint (TCJ) in young Andalusian horses. Methods: Forty Andalusian horses diagnosed with OCD of the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia (DIRT) were included in the study. Horses enrolled in this study had persisting synovial effusion after arthroscopic removal of OCD in the TCJ. A subjective semi-quantitative effusion score was adopted in the study to define the ...
Direct arthroscopic approach to the distal pouch of the palmar/plantar recess of the metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joint in horses.
Veterinary surgery : VS    June 12, 2025   doi: 10.1111/vsu.14290
Foucaud M, Haegeman L, Kadic D, Vinardell T, Mariën T, Declercq J.To describe a direct arthroscopic approach of the distal pouch of the palmar/plantar recess of the fetlock to facilitate fragment removal, highlighting its advantages over previously described arthroscopic methods for the fetlock. Additionally, to evaluate and present a retrospective case series. Methods: Ex vivo and retrospective clinical study. Methods: A total of 25 fetlocks in 23 horses. Methods: A direct approach to the distal pouch of the palmar/plantar recess of the fetlock was developed on five cadaveric limbs. Arthroscopic anatomy and landmarks were examined. The approach was clinical...
Iron Status in Sport Horses: Is It Important for Equine Athletes?
International journal of molecular sciences    June 12, 2025   Volume 26, Issue 12 5653 doi: 10.3390/ijms26125653
Kiełbik P, Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O.Iron is unquestionably an essential element of physical performance for horses, just as it is for many other animals, including humans. Although post-exercise equine iron deficiency is not a common problem, recent studies showed that equine athletes may be considered a model for human exercise physiology. Sports anemia among human athletes is a common nutritional issue and remains one reason for poor physical fitness. Thus, this study area needs comprehensive knowledge since iron homeostasis changes in equine athletes remain unrecognized. The current review aims to summarize studies describing...
Diagnostic performance of specific oxidative stress biomarkers, acute phase proteins, and certain trace elements in different severities of equine colic.
Journal of equine science    June 12, 2025   Volume 36, Issue 2 45-54 doi: 10.1294/jes.36.45
Mirzaei A, Hajimohammadi A.Sixty-one horses were included in this study and classified into three groups based on the severity of colic, assessed by heart rate, oral mucous membrane color, and abdominal distension. The groups consisted of a strangulating colic (SC) group (n=21), a non-strangulating colic (NC) group (n=20), and a control group (n=20) of randomly selected healthy horses without colic. Serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), haptoglobin (Hp), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), zinc, iron, and copper were measured in all horses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was c...
Proteomic profiling reveals the potential role of allogenic equine platelet-rich plasma and extracellular vesicles in modulating tendon inflammation and repair.
American journal of veterinary research    June 11, 2025   1-13 doi: 10.2460/ajvr.24.08.0241
Clarke EJ, Jensen A, Gillen AM, Bardell D, Senior M, Anderson JR, Peffers MJ.To determine the protein composition of equine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and PRP-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and evaluate their effects on tendon inflammation in vitro. As tendon injuries are common in horses and treatment with PRP derived from the horse's own blood shows promise, but outcomes vary due to inconsistent composition. PRP contains EVs that facilitate cell communication. Unassigned: From December 2022 through May 2023, equine plasma (n = 3, adult) was isolated via double centrifugation and PRP produced using a commercial kit. Extracellular vesicles were isolated using dif...
Pseudomonas-Enterobacter Co-Infection Drives Cellulitis and Lymphangitis in Equines: A Case Report.
Veterinary sciences    June 11, 2025   Volume 12, Issue 6 574 doi: 10.3390/vetsci12060574
Huang X, Deng R, Huang H, Xie H, Chen A.This case report detailed a rare co-infection of and in a 9-year-old warmblood mare, leading to severe cellulitis and secondary lymphangitis following traditional hoof blood-letting therapy. The mare exhibited acute limb swelling, fever, cutaneous ulceration, lymphatic dysfunction and unknown anemia. Comprehensive diagnostics, including bacterial culture, whole-genome sequencing, anti-elastin antibody (AEAb) ELISA, and diagnostic imaging, confirmed the pathogens causing cellulitis and secondary lymphangitis. AEAb levels were elevated, correlating with lymphatic degradation, while radiography...
Severe urticaria in a horse after consumption of horseweed (Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist) – A case study.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica    June 5, 2025   Volume 73, Issue 2 81-85 doi: 10.1556/004.2025.01149
Cserhalmi D, Wermer K.Our paper presents a case study of a Welsh pony mare with grazing-induced severe urticaria. The main clinical signs were eye swelling, depression and extensive urticaria. Physical examination revealed no other abnormalities. Botanical sampling revealed horseweed (Conyza canadensis) as the most abundant species and a potential allergen plant due to sesquiterpene lactones (SQL). Differential diagnosis strongly suggested that the clinical signs were the result of a hypersensitivity reaction to this plant. Former studies brought controversial data about the toxic or allergic potential of horsewee...
Effect of time of day and physical exercise on inflammatory biomarkers in athletic horses.
Frontiers in veterinary science    June 4, 2025   Volume 12 1608770 doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1608770
Aragona F, Giannetto C, Piccione G, Arfuso F, Arrigo F, Costa A, De Caro S, Cannuli A, Fazio F.The present study aimed to investigate the effect of time of day and physical exercise on some inflammatory biomarkers (white blood cell count-WBCs, leukocyte subpopulation CD4 + and CD8 + cells, total proteins, Interleukins IL-6, IL-1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor TNFα) in trained saddle horses. Unassigned: Blood samples were collected from 10 horses before, immediately (following 5 min) and 1 h after the training session in the morning (am) and afternoon (pm). Unassigned: Statistical analysis showed increasing value of WBCs immediately and 1 h after exercise ( < 0.01: <...
Alterations in the Peritoneal Fluid Proteome of Horses with Colic Attributed to Ischemic and Non-Ischemic Intestinal Disease.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI    May 30, 2025   Volume 15, Issue 11 1604 doi: 10.3390/ani15111604
Bishop RC, Arrington JV, Wilkins PA, McCoy AM.Peritoneal fluid (PF) is intimately associated with the gastrointestinal tract, and changes in the PF may directly reflect abdominal pathology. We aimed to quantify differences in the PF proteome between intestinal lesion type (ischemic vs. non-ischemic) and location (small vs. large intestine). PF samples were collected at hospital admission from horses presenting for abdominal pain (colic). Cases were clinically categorized by lesion type and location after resolution (10 per group). PF proteins were extracted and quantified by label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. Data ...
Inflammatory marker analysis of uterine cytobrush samples helps identify mares with endometritis.
American journal of veterinary research    May 29, 2025   Volume 86, Issue 8 ajvr.25.02.0059 doi: 10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0059
Lection J, Schnobrich M, Wagner B, Byron M, Back B, Rollins A, Castro Alves RF, Cheong SH, Diel de Amorim M.To evaluate inflammatory cytokine and chemokine concentrations in endometrial samples collected by cytobrush or swab as a potential screening diagnostic marker for equine endometritis. Unassigned: 88 mares had endometrial samples collected, which included cytobrush, swab, and/or biopsy. Clinical reproductive records, reproductive ultrasound examination, endometrial cytology and culture results, and biopsy grading score were recorded. Fluorescent bead-based multiplex assays for the inflammatory markers interferon-γ, interferon-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A, soluble CD14, tumor necrosis facto...
Correction: The effect of cyclic fluid perfusion on the proinflammatory tissue environment in osteoarthritis using equine joint-on-a-chip models.
Lab on a chip    May 28, 2025   Volume 25, Issue 11 2795-2796 doi: 10.1039/d5lc90048d
Heidenberger J, Reihs EI, Strauss J, Frauenlob M, Gültekin S, Gerner I, Toegel S, Ertl P, Windhager R, Jenner F, Rothbauer M.Correction for 'The effect of cyclic fluid perfusion on the proinflammatory tissue environment in osteoarthritis using equine joint-on-a-chip models' by Johannes Heidenberger et al., Lab Chip, 2025, 25, 2256-2269, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4lc01078g.
In vitro model of equine cartilage degradation; using cartilage pellets differentiated from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal    May 27, 2025   doi: 10.1007/s11626-025-01049-8
Euppayo T, Siengdee P, Limlenglert P, Nganvongpanit K, Watanabe G, Kasashima Y, Arai K.The self-renewal capacity of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis (OA) joints is limited, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are crucial in disease treatment. This study established an OA model from equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (eBMSCs). The eBMSCs were cultured and differentiated into chondrocytes to generate cartilage pellets, which were induced for 7 d with inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) to mimic OA conditions. Treated culture medium was collected to estimate enzyme activity (MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9) using zymograph...
Headshaking associated with a unique presentation of guttural pouches infection and otitis media in a Quarter Horse stallion: diagnosis, medical treatment and outcome.
Journal of equine veterinary science    May 27, 2025   Volume 151 105616 doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105616
Forni G, Ellero N, Mannini A, Scacco L, Freccero F.A 3-year-old Quarter Horse stallion was referred for headshaking (HS) syndrome of one month duration. The horse underwent complete HS workup. Physical examination revealed up-and-down head movements associated with nose snorting during lunging and riding, in the absence of other abnormalities at rest or in motion. Lameness, neurologic and behavioural evaluations were unremarkable. Endoscopic examination of the upper respiratory tract showed bilateral guttural pouches (GPs) inflammation. The mucosal surface was altered by the presence of areas of microbullous appearance coalescing into some bul...
Selected cytokine and chemokine concentrations in equine autologous conditioned serum are similar under defined and practically relevant storage conditions.
Frontiers in veterinary science    May 27, 2025   Volume 12 1588240 doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1588240
Roth SP, Liso G, Brehm W, Wagner B, Schnabel CL, Troillet A.The anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects of autologous conditioned serum (ACS) in joint-associated disorders are presumably mediated by the biomolecules it contains, such as cytokines and chemokines. ACS is commonly used in equine practice after storage. Data regarding the influence of storage conditions of ACS on cytokine and chemokine concentrations are not available. Unassigned: To evaluate the effect of commonly used storage conditions on selected cytokine and chemokine concentrations in equine ACS. Unassigned: From 10 horse patients with clinically indicated ACS preparation six ACS ...
The presence of acylated homoserine lactones and diffusible signal factor in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from horses with clinical exacerbation of severe equine asthma.
Research in veterinary science    May 26, 2025   Volume 192 105720 doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105720
Mrzdovnik N, Babič J, Lužnik D, Žigon D, Mrzdovnik M, Tavčar-Kalcher G, Tomič V, Prescott JF, Vengust M.Several bacteria associated with chronic lung pathology use quorum sensing (QS) signaling molecules to regulate their virulence in pure cultures and poly-microbial communities. Their excessive growth and biofilm formation in the respiratory tract increase the morbidity and mortality of inflammatory airway diseases in humans, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF). In horses, severe equine asthma (SEA) has many parallels to these human diseases. We hypothesized that QS molecules associated with the most common biofilm-forming lung pathogens in huma...
1 4 5 6 7 8 167