Research | Mad Barn Academy

Ultrasonographic evaluation of the equine placenta by transrectal and transabdominal approach in the normal pregnant mare.

Theriogenology January 15, 1997 Volume 47, Issue 2 559-573 doi: 10.1016/s0093-691x(97)00014-9

Renaudin CD, Troedsson MH, Gillis CL, King VL, Bodena A.The objective of this study was to determine normal variations in the utero placental thickness during mid- and late gestation in the mare. Normal, healthy pregnant mares (n = 9) were examined monthly from 4 mo of gestation until parturition by transrectal and transabdominal ultrasonography. At each examination, the combined thickness of the uterus and the placenta (CTUP) was measured at the placento-cervical junction (transrectally) and at the uterine body or the uterine horns (transabdominally). In addition, the echogenicity of the amniotic and allantoic fluids was evaluated by transrectal u...

European journal of biochemistry January 15, 1997 Volume 243, Issue 1-2 292-298 doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.0292a.x

Yamamoto Y.NMR signals for HisB5 N(delta)H and HisEF5 N(epsilon)H protons of sperm whale and horse apomyoglobins were assigned and compared with the corresponding signals of the holoproteins in terms of pH and temperature dependence behaviors of their shifts and line widths in order to gain insight into structural difference between the apoproteins and the holoproteins. Since these protons are involved in internal hydrogen bonds at the interfaces between the B helix and the GH corner and between the EF corner and the H helix, local structures of the interfaces in these proteins have been inferred from th...

Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie January 12, 1997 Volume 114, Issue 1-6 185-189 doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.1997.tb00504.x

Oki H, Sasaki Y, Willham RL.Genetic correlations between racing times on track type (turf and dirt), and at racing distances on turf (1200 m, 1400 m, 1600 m, 1800 m, and/or 2000 m) and dirt (1000 m, 1200 m, 1400 m, 1600 m, 1700 m, and/or 1800 m) tracks, were estimated in Thoroughbred horses. (Co)variance components were estimated using multiple-trait derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood (MTDFREML). The data used were collected by the Japan Racing Association from 1992 to 1993. The generation 2 pedigree information was preferable for (co)variance estimates. The genetic correlations between racing times on turf an...

Lancet (London, England) January 11, 1997 Volume 349, Issue 9045 93-95 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(96)06162-4

O'Sullivan JD, Allworth AM, Paterson DL, Snow TM, Boots R, Gleeson LJ, Gould AR, Hyatt AD, Bradfield J.In September, 1994, an outbreak of severe respiratory disease affected 18 horses, their trainer, and a stablehand in Queensland, Australia. Fourteen horses and one human being died. A novel virus was isolated from those affected and named equine morbillivirus (EMV). We report a case of encephalitis caused by this virus. Results: A 35-year-old man from Queensland had a brief aseptic meningitic illness in August, 1994, shortly after caring for two horses that died from EMV infection and then assisting at their necropsies. He then suffered severe encephalitis 13 months later, characterised by unc...

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Artificial insemination of horses.

The Veterinary record January 11, 1997 Volume 140, Issue 2 52

Drnec K.No abstract available

Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications January 10, 1997 Volume 688, Issue 1 47-55 doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)88054-1

Dunnett M, Harris RC.The combined solid-phase extraction (Isolute PRS columns) and reversed-phase gradient HPLC method presented provides a sensitive, reproducible and selective quantification of carnosine, balenine, homocarnosine, histidine, 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine in equine and camel muscle and individual muscle fibres. Recoveries were 91-115%. Lower limits of detection were 0.005-0.010 mmol kg-1 dry muscle. The compounds were isolated from other physiological amino acids and small peptides and resolved within a single chromatographic run of 55 min. Concentrations of these compounds in equine myo...

Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications January 10, 1997 Volume 688, Issue 1 150-154 doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)88067-x

Dunnett M.N-alpha-Acetyl-L-carnosine (NAcCAR) in perchloric acid extracts of equine plasma was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography on a 3 microns Hypersil ODS (150 x 4.6 mm I.D.) column eluted with 5 mM phosphoric acid-1 mM triethylamine, pH 2.58. NAcCAR was isolated by solid-phase extraction on Isolute PRS (propylsulphonyl) columns. The HPLC mean retention time for NAcCAR was 5.9 +/- 0.2 min. The recovery from plasma by solid-phase extraction was 93.9-99.7% and lower limit of detection in plasma was 0.18 microM. The normal NAcCAR concentration in equine plasma was 2.4 +/- 0.3 microM. The ...

Virology January 6, 1997 Volume 227, Issue 1 34-44 doi: 10.1006/viro.1996.8296

Fukushi H, Tomita T, Taniguchi A, Ochiai Y, Kirisawa R, Matsumura T, Yanai T, Masegi T, Yamaguchi T, Hirai K.A herpesvirus was isolated from Thomson's gazelle (Gazella thomsoni) kept at a zoological garden in Japan during an outbreak of epizootic acute encephalitis. The virus, gazelle herpesvirus 1 (GHV-1), was serologically related to equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1). However, DNA fingerprints of GHV-1 were different from those of EHV-1 and other equine herpesviruses. Southern hybridization with probes of cloned BamHI fragments derived from UL and US segments of EHV-1 revealed differences in the DNA restriction profiles throughout the entire genome. Nucleotide sequences were determined for a conserved r...

Mutation research January 3, 1997 Volume 373, Issue 1 9-16 doi: 10.1016/s0027-5107(96)00178-9

Catena C, Asprea L, Carta S, Tortora G, Conti D, Parasacchi P, Righi E.We have investigated and compared DNA damage and cell killing induced in human and equine lymphocytes after in vitro X-irradiation. Our data show that the cytogenetic and the lethality effects are both greater in equine lymphocytes, but that the difference is wider for lethality. The ratios between doses inducing the same effect are 1.3, 1.7 and 9.4 for the number of binucleated cells with micronuclei, micronucleus frequency in binucleated cells and DNA synthesis inhibition, respectively. The very different radiosensitivity observed for the two mammalian species encourages us to use their lymp...

Immunogenetics January 1, 1997 Volume 45, Issue 6 386-393 doi: 10.1007/s002510050220

Schrenzel MD, King DP, McKnight ML, Ferrick DA.Horse (Equus caballus) immunoglobulin mu chain-encoding (IgM) variable, joining, and constant gene segments were cloned and characterized. Nucleotide sequence analyses of 15 cDNA clones from a mesenteric lymph node library identified 7 unique variable gene segments, 5 separate joining segments, and a single constant region. Based on comparison with human sequences, horse variable segments could be grouped into either family 1 of immunoglobulin (Ig) clan I or family 4 of Ig clan II subclan IV. All horse sequences had a relatively conserved 16 base pair (bp) segment in framework 3 which was reco...

Equine veterinary journal January 1, 1997 Volume 29, Issue 1 77-79 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1997.tb01643.x

Scarratt WK, Wallace MA, Pleasant RS, Sysel AM, Feldman B, Jones JC.No abstract available

Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde January 1, 1997 Volume 139, Issue 8 363-366

Landolt G, Feige K, Schöberl M.The present study describes the poisoning due to Robinia pseudoacacia in two horses. One of the horses showed mainly intestinal symptoms such as decreased intestinal motility and obstipation of the pelvic flexure. In the second animal central nervous symptoms were predominant. It showed intermittent phases of somnolence alternating with phases of excitation and head pressing. In addition mydriasis and a lacking menace response could be observed. Sensation to the head and the spinal reflexes were reduced. Symptomatic treatment was initiated in both animals and recovery occurred within 2 days.

Parasitology January 1, 1997 Volume 114 ( Pt 1) 89-94 doi: 10.1017/s0031182096008086

Proudman CJ, Holmes MA, Sheoran AS, Edwards SE, Trees AJ.The equine intestinal cestode Anoplocephala perfoliata has been the subject of recent epidemiological and immunological studies because of its suspected association with intestinal disease in the horse. We have previously shown that the IgG(T) subtype antibody response to the 12/13 kDa component of the parasite excretory/secretory (E/S) antigen is positively correlated with parasite intensity. In this study, we utilize that correlation to examine the changes in natural infection intensity with age. Infection intensity based on IgG(T) responses showed a triphasic age-dependency pattern with pea...

Neuroendocrinology January 1, 1997 Volume 65, Issue 1 64-69 doi: 10.1159/000127165

Mulligan RS, Livesey JH, Evans MJ, Ellis MJ, Donald RA.It has been suggested that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is the long-sought inhibitor of corticotropin (ACTH) secretion, but the evidence is conflicting. We have examined the effect of ANP and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) on the secretion of ACTH by perifused equine pituitary cells in an in vitro milieu intended to mimic the in vivo milieu in the horse. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (20 pM) and cortisol (0 or 100 nM) were perifused continuously and 7 pulses of arginine vasopressin (AVP; 10 nM) applied for 5 min at 30-min intervals. ANP (1 nM) or CNP (1 nM) were perifused continuously ...

Acta veterinaria Hungarica January 1, 1997 Volume 45, Issue 2 127-136

Vörös K.Quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) was introduced into equine cardiology in the early 1990s. At first, linear and area dimensions and left ventricular volume were validated by the comparison of parameters determined during in vitro 2DE and autopsy measurements. Based on these studies, tomographic planes and intracardiac reference points for in vivo measurements were established and 2DE values have been determined for healthy adult horses by various authors. These data were similar to each other and proved to be comparable with M-mode echocardiography measurements. However, dif...

Acta veterinaria Scandinavica January 1, 1997 Volume 38, Issue 1 9-16 doi: 10.1186/BF03548503

Koivunen AL, Maisi P, Konttinen YT, Prikk K, Sandholm M.The collagenolytic activity and its sensitivity to doxycycline inhibition in tracheal aspirates (TA) of horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was analyzed with SDS-PA gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), using Type 1 collagen as the substrate. Both autoactive and total collagenase activities were significantly higher in TAs of horses with symptomatic COPD than in TAs of healthy horses. Doxycycline inhibition studies suggest that most of the TA collagenase is of the neutrophil type (MMP-8), but some is derived from other cells such as fibroblasts and monocyte/macrophages (MMP-1) a...

Australian veterinary journal January 1, 1997 Volume 75, Issue 1 64-66 doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1997.tb13836.x

Bailey CJ, Rose RJ, Reid SW, Hodgson DR.No abstract available

Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde January 1, 1997 Volume 139, Issue 2 71-77

Meier HP, Gertsch U, Kohler S.Twin pregnancies are a serious problem in stud medicine as they terminate in most cases in abortion, stillbirth or the delivery of dead or weak and deformed foals. In recent years, the introduction of sonography has greatly improved the management of mares with twin conceptuses, in particular monitoring the phenomenon of spontaneous embryo reduction to a single vesicle. This allows supervision of pregnancy with relatively little expenditure and loss of time. We document the spontaneous reduction to single vesicles of unilateral twin pregnancies in a draught- and a warmblood-mare. In both mares...

American journal of veterinary research January 1, 1997 Volume 58, Issue 1 56-61

Lakritz J, Wilson WD, Watson JL, Hyde DM, Mihalyi J, Plopper CG.To determine whether oral administration of erythromycin alters the inflammatory response to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in young horses. Methods: 12 healthy, unweaned, mixed-breed foals of either sex, between 2 and 4 months old. Methods: BAL was performed; 250 ml of phosphate-buffered saline solution (300 mOsm, pH 7.4) was administered in 50-ml aliquots. Foals were carefully monitored for 4 days, then erythromycin base (25 mg/kg of body weight, PO, q 12 h) was given to foals of the treated group. After 4 days, foals were reanesthetized, and the same lung was relavaged. Cytologic examination ...

Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde January 1, 1997 Volume 139, Issue 5 225-226

Glatthaar R.In April 1996 an attack of black flies (Diptera, Simuliidae) to horses was observed in the region of Basle, Switzerland. Females of Simulium erythrocephalum and Simulium ornatum were involved in this attack, part of them had taken a blood meal. For S. ornatum this is the first record in Switzerland that this species takes blood meals on horses.

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association January 1, 1997 Volume 210, Issue 1 82-86

Tetens J, Ross MW, Lloyd JW.To assess the effect of incomplete, midsagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx (P1) on racing performance in Standardbreds. Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: 49 Standardbred horses admitted to the George D. Widener Hospital for Large Animals between July 1986 and December 1992 with a definitive radiographic diagnosis of an incomplete, midsagittal fracture of P1 and a known method of treatment. Methods: Performance index and racing time were compared before and after diagnosis and treatment of fracture, using ANOVA that controlled for the effects of horse, gender, age, track leng...

Medycyna doswiadczalna i mikrobiologia January 1, 1997 Volume 49, Issue 1-2 45-53

Lisiecki P, Sobiś-Glinkowska M, Mikucki J.Under iron-restricted conditions staphylococcal strains could utilize in vitro several animals body iron sources in form of bovine haemoglobin, hemin, lactoferrin and transferrin, ovotransferrin, horse myoglobin ferritin and cytochrome C. Spectrum of utilized iron sources was not dependent on species affiliation and kind of siderophores system. Strains isolated from clinical materials utilized largest spectrum of animal iron body sources.

Archives of virology January 1, 1997 Volume 142, Issue 11 2269-2279 doi: 10.1007/s007050050241

Wang LF, Gould AR, Selleck PW.Full-length cDNA clones coding for the matrix (M) and fusion (F) proteins of equine morbillivirus (EMV) were isolated by RT-PCR, and expressed in Escherichia coli using two different expression systems. Western blot analysis indicated that the M and F proteins, expressed either by itself or as fusion proteins with glutathione S-transferase (GST), were insoluble and degraded after expression. Analysis of the degradation pattern of recombinant M protein suggested that the N-terminus of the matrix protein might be more stable and antigenic than the C-terminal region. Therefore a third system was ...

Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology January 1, 1997 Volume 37, Issue 1-2 74-83 doi: 10.1016/s1011-1344(96)07345-9

Miteva MA, Kossekova GP, Villoutreix BO, Atanasov BP.The present work shows the application of an optical label pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) for the experimental determination of local electrostatic potentials in singly substituted cytochromes c modified by pyridoxal phosphate at Lys 79 (PLP-Lys-79-cyt.c) or at Lys 86 (PLP-Lys-86-cyt.c). PLP has also been used to calculate the pKa values of all ionizable groups and the electrostatic potentials in the modified proteins and to analyse their properties. The experimental pKa values for the pyridine nitrogen and phenolic hydroxyl of the bound label were obtained from pH-dependent absorbance and fluoresc...

Archives of virology January 1, 1997 Volume 142, Issue 6 1193-1212 doi: 10.1007/s007050050152

Reubel GH, Studdert MJ.Based on sequence homology with human adenovirus 2 (HAdV2), the hexon gene of equine adenovirus 1 (EAdV1) was identified. HindIII restriction fragments containing the hexon and other viral genes were cloned into the plasmids pUC19 and pBlueScript SK(-) and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of the hexon gene was completely determined and partial sequence data were obtained for seven other EAdV1 genes. Amino acid (aa) sequence comparison with published adenovirus (AdV) proteins identified the genes for the IIIa, penton, pVII, PVI, 23K proteinase, DNA binding and 100K proteins. The eight EAdV1 g...

Genetica January 1, 1997 Volume 101, Issue 3 199-208 doi: 10.1023/a:1018366122913

Woolf CM.Arabian bay horses manifest, on the average, more common white markings in their hind legs than their forelegs (anteroposterior asymmetry) and more common white markings in their left legs than their right legs (directional asymmetry). To determine if genetic variation exists for these types of asymmetry, the phenotypic response was studied in bay foals when their dams and sires were selected for the directions of fore-hind and left-right differences. In the fore-hind studies, the quantitative shifts in the bay foals were in the direction specified by the selection scheme and the observed devi...

Equine veterinary journal January 1, 1997 Volume 29, Issue 1 40-43 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1997.tb01634.x

Paweska JT, Binns MM, Woods PS, Chirnside ED.A seroepidemiological survey of donkeys in South Africa (n = 4300) indicated a wide distribution and increasing prevalence of antibodies to equine arteritis virus (EAV). Donkey sera inhibited equine arteritis virus infection in virus neutralisation (VN) tests and in ELISA specifically bound to a recombinant antigen derived from the Bucyrus isolate of EAV. These results suggest that donkeys have been exposed to the same serotype of this virus as circulates among horses. A good correlation existed between EAV neutralising antibody titres and ELISA absorbance values (0.8631); the ELISA was sensit...

Journal of medical and veterinary mycology : bi-monthly publication of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology January 1, 1997 Volume 35, Issue 1 53-55

Chopin JB, Sigler L, Connole MD, O'Boyle DA, Mackay B, Goldstein L.This report describes an infection of a horse's cornea caused by Cladorrhinum bulbillosum. Minor surgery and treatment with antibiotics successfully resolved the infection. The only previous reported case involving this fungus was an Argentinian boy who was infected while working with horses.

The Australian journal of physiotherapy January 1, 1997 Volume 43, Issue 2 145-149 doi: 10.1016/s0004-9514(14)60407-5

Heine B.No abstract available

Folia microbiologica January 1, 1997 Volume 42, Issue 4 390-394 doi: 10.1007/BF02816955

Adeyefa CA, McCauley JW, Tomori O.The complete amino acid sequences of the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein of three equine-2 influenza viruses from tropical Africa are presented in comparison with that of a well characterized European equine-2 virus (Suffolk/89) and a consensus sequence from the database. The sequences of the tropical African viruses were deduced from the complete nucleotide sequences of their HA genes reported earlier. Mutational changes in the nucleotide sequences resulted in amino acid changes in the HA which led to the introduction of a new asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation site in two viruses. Th...