Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Biphasic CAPA-IVM Improves Equine Oocyte Quality and Subsequent Embryo Development Without Inducing Genetic Aberrations. In vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes retrieved from ovum pick-up (OPU) or ovarian tissue (OT) is a standard approach for patients with specific conditions where prior hormonal stimulation is contraindicated. However, the developmental competence of oocytes matured in vitro is still inferior to that of oocytes matured in vivo. Capacitation IVM (CAPA-IVM) includes an extra step of pre-maturation culture (PMC) with c-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) as a meiotic arrestor to better synchronize cytoplasmic and nuclear maturity in oocytes by allowing the cytoplasm additional time to acquire essential ...
Comparative Evaluation of a Multistrain Indirect ELISA Targeting Anti- p26 and gp45 Antibodies for EIAV Detection. Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV), a lentivirus marked by considerable genetic variability, poses significant diagnostic challenges. Existing diagnostic tools encompass the Agar Gel Immunodiffusion Assay (AGID), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blotting (WB). ELISA and AGID mainly utilize the p26 capsid protein, often sourced from the Wyoming reference strain. To broaden the range of viral proteins and strains employed in these immunoassays, we previously developed a novel p26/double-strain gp45 indirect ELISA. In this study, we evaluated the performance of this ELISA...
Review of published research on primary dysautonomia of domestic animals. An article published in 1992 by Marion M. Pollin and I.R. Griffiths reviewed the topic of primary dysautonomias of the autonomic nervous system of unidentified origin in multiple domestic species, specifically cats, dogs and horses. Thirty-one years later, we appear no closer to identifying the causal agents of these strikingly similar diseases. This article reviews the similarities and differences in clinical presentation and pathology of dysautonomia in canids, felids, equids, leporids and other less frequently reported species.
Markers of Hepatic Insulin Clearance and Their Association With Steatosis in Hyperinsulinaemic Horses. Hyperinsulinaemia (HI) is an important feature of Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS). It has been suggested that reduced hepatic clearance of insulin contributes to HI, particularly in humans affected by metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Objective: In obese horses with HI, insulin clearance is impaired and associated with MASLD. Methods: Tissue samples were collected at post-mortem from clinically well-characterized horses with HI (n = 13; basal insulin > 20 mIU/l) and without HI (control; n = 20). Methods: Retrospective observational study. Molecular d...
Global prevalence and risk factors of equine infectious anemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a lentiviral disease affecting members of the Equidae family, with global distribution and significant implications for animal health and biosecurity. Despite numerous individual reports, a comprehensive synthesis of its global prevalence and risk factors remains lacking. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the global prevalence of EIA, identify diagnostic trends, and evaluate factors associated with heterogeneity across studies. Unassigned: A systematic search was conducted in six major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web ...
Isolation and genetic characterization of a novel Kevo orbivirus and a strain of Mobuck virus from Ochlerotatus communis mosquitoes in Finland. The genus (, ) comprises several globally important vector-borne animal viruses, such as borne bluetongue virus, African horse sickness virus and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV). Orbiviruses that are associated with mosquitoes are a diverse group including established mosquito-borne animal pathogens such as the Peruvian horse sickness virus and phylogenetically related less well-characterized viruses isolated mostly from mammals. Although reported from various geographic regions, these viruses have not previously been detected in northern Europe. Using next-generation sequencing a...
Culicoides allergens expressed in insect cells induce sulphidoleukotriene release from peripheral blood leukocytes of horses affected with insect bite hypersensitivity. Insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is an IgE-mediated dermatitis in horses caused by bites of spp. The allergens are salivary gland proteins from these insects, and nine major allergens from have been identified and expressed in . However, proteins expressed in procaryotic systems have limitations in cellular assays, particularly in functional assays assessing the allergen-induced release of mediators , such as sulphidoleukotrienes (sLT) from basophils. The aims of the study were to produce functional allergens in insect cells, to assess their allergenicity using a sLT release assay, and to...
Stallion spermatozoa express LDH isoforms A, B, and C, with LDHC playing a crucial role in sustaining sperm viability. Three isoforms of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) - LDHA (cytoplasmic), LDHB (mitochondrial), and LDHC (flagellar) - have been identified and localized in stallion spermatozoa. Functional inhibition assays indicate that these three isoforms constitute a lactate shuttle of crucial importance for sperm function. Unassigned: Stallion spermatozoa use different energy sources; while oxidative phosphorylation predominates, glycolysis and beta-oxidation of fatty acids are also present. Glycolysis depends on the availability of NAD+ as an electron acceptor. During glycolysis, NAD+ is reduced to NADH. To e...
Comparative clinical, virological and pathological characterization of equine rotavirus A G3P[12] and G14P[12] infection in neonatal mice. Group A rotavirus (RVA) infections are a leading cause of neonatal diarrhoea in foals. Neonatal mice could serve as a useful tool to study the pathogenesis of equine RVA (ERVA) as well as a preclinical model for assessment of vaccine efficacy. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the clinical, virological and pathological features of ERVA G3P[12] and G14P[12] infection in neonatal mice and compare them with porcine OSU G5P[7] and bovine UK G6P[5] RVA reference strains. Neonatal mice orally inoculated with equine, bovine and porcine RVA developed short-lived diarrhoea at variable rates, G...
Severe urticaria in a horse after consumption of horseweed (Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist) – A case study. Our paper presents a case study of a Welsh pony mare with grazing-induced severe urticaria. The main clinical signs were eye swelling, depression and extensive urticaria. Physical examination revealed no other abnormalities. Botanical sampling revealed horseweed (Conyza canadensis) as the most abundant species and a potential allergen plant due to sesquiterpene lactones (SQL). Differential diagnosis strongly suggested that the clinical signs were the result of a hypersensitivity reaction to this plant. Former studies brought controversial data about the toxic or allergic potential of horsewee...
Development of a two-layer 3D equine endometrial tissue model using genipin-crosslinked collagen scaffolds and 3D printing. Advances in endometrial tissue engineering have enabled the combination of modified scaffolding materials with modern cell culture technologies. Genipin and three-dimensional (3D) printing have advanced cell-tissue engineering by enabling the precise layering of cell-containing matrices while ensuring low cytotoxicity. This study aimed to advance equine endometrial tissue engineering by designing customized collagen scaffolds using 3D printing technology, while optimizing the genipin concentration to avoid toxicity. Genipin was tested at concentrations of 4, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, and 0 mM on...
Use of a point prevalence survey to measure antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in equine veterinary hospitals. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasingly recognised in equine medicine. Antimicrobial use (AMU) is a key driver of AMR. Objective: To pilot a point prevalence survey (PPS), based on the Global-PPS used in human hospitals, to obtain data on antibiotic prescribing and AMR in equine hospitals and to identify targets for improvement in AMU. Methods: Point prevalence survey. Methods: Eight equine hospitals located in Australia, Belgium, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States were recruited. Data on AMU were collected from all in-patients on antibiotic treatment at 08h00 on fou...
Effect of time of day and physical exercise on inflammatory biomarkers in athletic horses. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of time of day and physical exercise on some inflammatory biomarkers (white blood cell count-WBCs, leukocyte subpopulation CD4 + and CD8 + cells, total proteins, Interleukins IL-6, IL-1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor TNFα) in trained saddle horses. Unassigned: Blood samples were collected from 10 horses before, immediately (following 5 min) and 1 h after the training session in the morning (am) and afternoon (pm). Unassigned: Statistical analysis showed increasing value of WBCs immediately and 1 h after exercise ( < 0.01: <...
Detection of Transdermal Application of Testosterone to Racehorses by Analysis of Urine and Plasma. The use of testosterone in racehorses is predominantly monitored using international urine and plasma concentration-based thresholds and complementary steroid ratios. To date, there has been no published pharmacokinetic study on transdermally applied testosterone products in horses and whether their use could result in adverse analytical findings. Therefore, quantitative analysis of testosterone and epitestosterone in urine and testosterone in plasma samples was performed following a pilot multi-dose transdermal Testogel administration (1 mg/kg once a day for 7 days on clipped skin) to one...
Transportation to the Slaughterhouse: Can Training Reduce the Stress Response in Horses? The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of self-loading training on the overall stress response during pre-slaughter transportation in slaughter horses. Thirty-two slaughter horses were divided into two groups: the control group (CG) and the Trained Group (TG). For six weeks, the TG horses were trained to self-load using a method based on target training and shaping. Animals from both groups were transported to the same slaughterhouse in small groups on different days using the same truck along the same route. The baseline and post-transportation values of the eye temperature and fecal...
Exploring the operational logistics of implementing isolation protocols at equestrian facilities. Horses may travel for a variety of reasons, leading to potential exposure to pathogens. Typically, these movements are bidirectional with horses returning to their home facility, therefore also risking pathogen exposure to resident horses at home facilities. The Canadian National Farm and Facility Level Biosecurity Standard for the Equine Sector was designed to outline best practices for managing biosecurity at equestrian facilities, however, there is a gap between the implementation of these recommendations and the day-to-day operations of equestrian facilities. This study aimed to explore th...
Social Isolation of Horses vs. Support Provided by a Human. It is assumed that horses have a strong herd instinct that cannot be suppressed by any form of social support from humans. The aim of this study was to assess the behaviour and heart rate parameters of horses that received various forms of human support during short-term social isolation. The research material consisted of 12 clinically healthy recreational warmblood mares and geldings. The test was carried out four times. The research test consisted of two parts, which began in the presence of accompanying horses and under conditions of social isolation, with and without support provided by a...
Clinical occurrence of trypanosomiasis in Arabian horses from Ahvaz. Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) is a hemoprotozoan parasite affecting camels and equids, such as horses, mules, and donkeys, and is known to cause surra disease in these animals. Despite the worldwide distribution of T. evansi infections in equids, surra has not been reported in Arabian horses in Khuzestan Province for over 60 years. In September 2018, a 7-year-old Arabian mare was referred from a 10-horse farm in the suburbs of Ahvaz City. The mare presented with a history of weight loss, poor appetite, and proximity to a camel herd. Physical examination revealed a poor body condition score ...
Isolation of SSEA-3-positive mesenchymal stem cells from equine bone marrow and evaluation of their pluripotency. Generally, most mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have lower pluripotency and limited differentiation potential than embryonic stem cells (ESCs). However, a small subpopulation of MSCs, called multilineage differentiating stress-enduring (MUSE) cells, exhibit pluripotency. MUSE cells express stage-specific embryonic antigen 3 (SSEA-3), a sphingoglycolipid. Here, we isolated and investigated the pluripotency of SSEA-3-positive MSCs (MUSE cells). Six thoroughbred horses were used as test subjects. MSCs were harvested from the bone marrow of the thoracic vertebrae under ultrasound guidance. Harvested...
Global equine parasite control guidelines: Consensus or confusion? Equine parasite control has historically been characterized by confusing and conflicting information, posing significant challenges for veterinarians and horse owners to make evidence-based decisions. Since 2012, equine parasite control guidelines have been developed and published for different parts of the world to address this situation and provide trusted sources of current guidance. At the 2024 International Equine Infectious Disease Conference in Deauville, Normandy, France, lead authors of equine parasite control guideline documents published in the USA, UK, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherla...
An application of the MR-Horse method to reduce selection bias in genome-wide association studies of disease progression. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of disease progression are vulnerable to collider bias caused by selection of participants with disease at study entry. This bias introduces spurious associations between disease progression and genetic variants that are truly only associated with disease incidence. Methods of statistical adjustment to reduce this bias have been published, but rely on assumptions regarding the genetic correlation of disease incidence and disease progression which are likely to be violated in many human diseases. MR-Horse is a recently published Bayesian method to estimate...
Factors influencing UK veterinarians’ decisions to leave equine clinical practice. Recruitment and retention of equine veterinarians presents an ongoing challenge for employers. Recent research has highlighted factors that contribute to attrition across the profession, but further understanding of the specific challenges faced in the equine sector is needed. This study builds on existing research by exploring the relative impact of different factors on veterinarians' decisions to leave equine clinical practice. Methods: Veterinarians who had left equine clinical practice in the UK within the previous 10 years were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey. The par...
An ex vivo comparison of mono-versus polyaxial locking compression plates for metacarpophalangeal joint arthrodesis in the horse. The aim of the study was to determine if a novel arthrodesis technique for the equine metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint using a human non-contact bridging (NCB), polyaxial locking compression plate system has biomechanical and potential clinical advantages versus a traditional 5.5 mm stainless steel locking compression plate (LCP) under biomechanical testing. Methods: An ex vivo biomechanical equine cadaver study. Methods: A total of 11 MCP joints collected from adult Thoroughbred horses euthanized unrelated to musculoskeletal disease. Methods: Each pair of MCP joints were randomly implanted w...
Effects of jockey position and surfaces on horse movement asymmetry and horse-jockey synchronisation during trotting exercise. Racehorses and jockeys can incur injuries, not only during gallops, but also during routine trotting exercise to access gallop tracks or warm-up. Understanding how jockey position affects racehorse movement may influence safety, and this may vary across different surface conditions. This study used inertial sensing technology (XSens MTw sensors) and linear mixed models to quantify and determine the significance (p ≤ 0.05) of jockey riding position ('rising' versus 'two-point seat') and surface type (artificial, grass and tarmac) on: 1) time offsets between stance and flight phases; 2) ho...
Epidemiology and surveillance of West Nile virus in the Mediterranean Basin during 2010-2023: A systematic review. Climate change can cause spatio-temporal shifts in the epidemiology of various vector borne pathogens, especially in vulnerable areas such as the Mediterranean Basin (MB). Among these pathogens, the West Nile virus (WNV) became endemic in the region. This systematic review and meta-analysis study summarizes WNV epidemiology, molecular characteristics, and surveillance in various MB countries, relying on data and scientific articles on WNV published during 2010-2023. The number of published articles varied across the three MB subregions: Southern Europe (n = 153), North Africa (n = 33), and...
Advancements in microfluidic and electrophoretic techniques for stallion sperm isolation. Context Equine reproductive technologies are crucial for overcoming challenges in natural fertilisation, particularly in sub-fertile stallions and breeding programs focused on genetic conservation and performance enhancement. Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), such as artificial insemination (AI), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and in vitro fertilisation (IVF), improve fertility outcomes and enable breeding across geographical distances. Aims This review examines sperm isolation techniques used in ART, evaluating their efficacy, limitations, and potential to enhance reproduct...
Spinal articular dysfunction is common in athletic horses. Spinal articular dysfunction disrupts normal neural function and may lead to stiffness, pain or poor performance. Back pain is common in equine athletes, and it is a common complaint by horse owners requesting chiropractic evaluations. Objective: To describe the prevalence of spinal articular dysfunction in showjumping horses. Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical records. Methods: Records from 3 years of examinations in horses, from beginners to high-performance levels. Each horse had 30 spinal segments evaluated for the presence of dysfunctional articulations. Exams were performed by...
Equine veterinarians’ care priorities regarding vaccination, colic, lameness and pre-purchase scenarios. Equine veterinarians play a crucial role in maintaining equine health and ensuring client satisfaction. Understanding their perspectives on key aspects of veterinary care is essential for optimising outcomes for both clients and horses. Objective: To identify and compare the importance equine veterinarians place on seven key aspects of client satisfaction in equine veterinary practice (quality of care, quality of service, horsemanship, interpersonal skills, transfer of knowledge, financial aspects and professionalism) across four different scenarios. Methods: A cross-sectional survey-based stu...
Development and Preclinical Evaluation of a Lyophilized Vaccine Against Equine Herpesvirus Type 4 (EHV-4). Equine rhinopneumonia, caused by equine herpesvirus types 1 and 4 (EHV-1 and EHV-4), continues to be a significant health and economic concern in the global equine industry, particularly in Kazakhstan. While vaccines targeting EHV-1 are available, there is currently no licensed monovalent vaccine for EHV-4, and existing formulations offer limited protection against this serotype. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a freeze-dried, live-attenuated EHV-4 vaccine with improved safety, stability, and immunogenicity. Methods: A field isolate of EHV-4 was attenuated through serial passaging in ...
Does gradient isolation preserve equine neutrophil viability and oxidative function for up to six hours? This study investigated isolation of equine neutrophils and the assessment of their antioxidant function using the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test, an indicator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) activation. The objective was to test the viability of neutrophils isolated from equine whole blood and their ability to undergo respiratory burst, comparing the results with whole blood. The hypothesis tested was that isolation of equine neutrophils allows for effective functional evaluation, even after isolation process, with no significant differences between whole blood and isolated cells...
Popular Topics
- Equine Health (60626)
- Veterinary Medicine (50897)
- Horses (46834)
- Veterinary Research (32264)
- Equine Diseases (26369)
- Clinical Study (26329)
- Veterinary Care (25334)
- Disease Diagnosis (24122)
- Diagnosis (23764)
- Animal Health (18969)
- Physiology (18217)
- Disease Treatment (17376)
- Equine Science (17009)
- Disease (14421)
- Animal Science (14242)
- Clinical Pathology (14209)
- Infection (12499)
- Comparative Study (12308)
- Diagnostic Technique (11409)
- Infectious Disease (11085)
- Epidemiology (10860)
- Disease Etiology (10290)
- Genetics (9931)
- Animal Studies (9563)
- Veterinary Science (9461)
- Veterinary Procedure (8666)
- Clinical Symptoms (8614)
- Case Reports (8228)
- Reproduction (8112)
- Biochemistry (7740)
- Clinical Findings (7349)
- Laboratory Methods (7242)
- In Vivo (7085)
- Disease Management (6331)
- Anatomy (6228)
- Surgery (6155)
- In Vitro Research (5947)
- Public Health (5891)
- Immunology (5858)
- Mares (5834)
- Musculoskeletal System (5211)
- Pharmacology (5150)
- Molecular biology (5073)
- Inflammation (5015)
- Veterinary Practice (4709)
- Foals (4666)
- Virus (4326)
- Equine Studies (4268)
- Blood (4264)
- Thoroughbreds (4200)
