Omneity® Pellets
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Long-term dynamics of gastrointestinal parasite egg shedding in a semi-feral Misaki horse population in Japan. This study investigated long-term gastrointestinal parasite egg shedding in a semi-feral Misaki horse population using 3200 fecal samples collected from 158 individually identified horses during five fiscal years (FY2019-FY2023; April 2019-March 2024). Strongyle-type eggs were detected in 91.7% of samples (2935/3200), with a mean count of 1352 eggs per gram (EPG). Repeated-measures analyses showed marked variation associated with fiscal year, season, age, and management history. Strongyle-type EPG values were generally higher in spring and summer than in autumn and winter, with the month-level...
A novel water additive increases voluntary water intake in healthy horses. To determine whether healthy horses would increase their voluntary water intake (VWI) when offered a novel water additive (NWA) compared to plain water (TAP) and water flavored with sweet feed, referred to as sweet tea (ST). Unassigned: 12 clinically healthy horses, aged 2 to 5 years old, were enrolled in the experimental crossover design. Four horses were assigned to each group for each of the 3 study weeks. The order that the horses were allocated to study groups was randomly assigned. All horses had access to 2 buckets filled to 16 L, one containing plain water (untreated bucket) and one co...
Clinical Efficacy of Varying Dosages of Intravenous Phenylbutazone in a Reversible Model of Equine Foot Lameness. The objective of this experiment was to compare the clinical efficacy of various dosages of phenylbutazone (PBZ) with a negative control. The hypothesis was that higher PBZ doses would result in improved efficacy in a dose-dependent manner. Eight horses were shod with adjustable heart bar shoes on one front foot. Grade 4.0/5.0 lameness was induced every 2 to 4 weeks by tightening a set screw against the heart bar. Heart rate (HR) and lameness score (LS) were monitored at rest; every 20 min after lameness induction for 5 h; and hourly for another 8 h. One hour after lameness induction, treatmen...
Jejunal Perforation Associated With a Horseshoe-Shaped Abdominal Contusion After a Horse Kick: A Case Report. A horseshoe-shaped abdominal contusion after a horse kick may indicate the site of underlying bowel injury. When accompanied by persistent abdominal pain or peritoneal signs, hollow viscus injury should be considered. Contrast-enhanced CT can identify free air and focal bowel abnormalities at the impact site, facilitating timely surgical management.
Pulled-up race outcomes as welfare-relevant surveillance indicators in United States Steeplechase horses, 2023-2025. Pulled-up race outcomes are routinely recorded but are nonspecific, potentially reflecting fatigue, poor performance, footing, rider judgment, suspected injury, or physiological compromise. We evaluated their association with subsequent participation disruption in United States steeplechase horses. Unassigned: National Steeplechase Association Race Results Reports from 2023 to 2025 were analyzed retrospectively at the horse-start level. Outcomes were time to the next later-date start, ≥60-day interruption, ≥183-day absence, and no recorded later-date start. Cox models were stratified by ra...
Oxidative and Mitochondrial Status of Vitrified Equine In Vitro Matured Oocytes Using Temperature-Specific Equilibration Protocols. Cryopreservation of equine in vitro matured (IVM) oocytes remains a major challenge in assisted reproduction due to their high susceptibility to cryoinjury, including oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological status of vitrified/warmed equine IVM oocytes following vitrification using two temperature-specific equilibration protocols by assessing reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular glutathione (GSH) content and mitochondrial oxidative activity and distribution patterns. Oocytes were vitrified after 28 h of IVM either at 25...
Changes in hoof morphology in racing Thoroughbreds during a period of ninety days unshod. Low hoof angles and discrepancies in the dorsal heel are linked to musculoskeletal breakdown, suspensory apparatus failure, and retirement in Thoroughbred racehorses. Evidence-based research on correcting hoof adaptations is limited, which leads to a reliance on therapeutic shoeing. Unassigned: This study aimed to test the hypothesis that morphological changes occur during active unshod training and that trimming immediately affects hoof angles. Unassigned: This is a controlled, quantitative, longitudinal study that uses a convenience sample. Unassigned: A total of 36 racehorses were divided i...
Effect of Uncoated Magnetic Nanoparticles on Stallion Sperm Parameters: Influence of Semen Quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of uncoated, non-functionalised magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) on stallion sperm and to determine whether these effects depend on initial semen quality. Ten cooled ejaculates from 3 stallions were exposed to different MNP concentrations ([MNPs] = 0, 5, 25, and 50 mg/mL), agitated, and exposed to an external magnet to recover the unbound sperm fraction. Ejaculates were classified as high- or low-quality groups according to initial evaluation sperm quality index (HSQi and LSQi), and the effect of [MNPs] was evaluated within groups using GLM. ...
Differential Gene Expression of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell and Granulosa Cell Markers in Equine Follicular Aspirates. Equine follicular aspirates obtained during ovum pick-up contain a heterogeneous mixture of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and granulosa cells (GC). This study evaluates how selective isolation and expansion of MSC decrease GC populations. Follicular aspirates-derived cells were cultured up to passage four (P4) following a previously validated protocol. While freshly isolated follicular aspirates cells (FAC) displayed heterogeneous morphologies, early passages (P3-P4) showed a uniform, spindle-shaped phenotype compatible with MSC. Gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR revealed a marked upregula...
Comparative Susceptibility of Donkey and Horse Sperm to Liquid-Storage Temperature. Preservation protocols for donkey sperm are based on those developed for horses, despite potential interspecific differences in cooling tolerance. This study compared horse and donkey sperm during long-term storage at 5°C and 17°C. Ejaculates from four stallions and four jacks (n = 16) were centrifuged, resuspended in skimmed milk-based extender, and stored at both temperatures. Sperm motility, plasma and acrosome membrane integrity, and morphology were evaluated after 1, 2 and 7 days. Fresh semen parameters showed no interspecific differences (p > 0.05). At 5°C, donkey sperm show...
Proof of Concept for Open Flow Microperfusion for Intratumoural Drug Administration in Equine Cutaneous Neoplasia. Intratumoural drug delivery can achieve high local therapeutic exposure while limiting systemic effects, but heterogeneous distribution may compromise treatment efficacy and precision. This proof-of-concept study investigated open flow microperfusion (OFM) as a novel platform for local delivery of tigilanol tiglate (TT), an intratumoural antineoplastic agent with immunomodulatory and vascular-disrupting effects. Four horses with histologically confirmed cutaneous neoplasia (three sarcoids and one squamous cell carcinoma) underwent OFM using TT concentrations of 0.01-0.04 mg/mL delivered at 9 ...
Layer-Specific Quantitative Assessment of Collagen Distribution in Equine Uteri Using Masson’s Trichrome and Digital Image Analysis: A Comparative Study. Equine endometrial fibrosis is a chronic and progressive equine uterine condition characterized by fibrosis that affects mares' fertility, with a wide range of fertility outcomes being reported for these mares. Therefore, assessing layer-specific collagen (COL) distribution is essential for a comprehensive understanding of endometrial remodelling and its impact on equine reproductive potential. Full-thickness uterine samples, including stratum functionalis (SF), stratum basalis (SB) and myometrium, were collected post-mortem from healthy control mares (Category I; n = 10) and those with mo...
Influence of Follicle Number and Reproductive Cyclicity on Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Yield Isolated From Equine Ovarian Follicular Aspirates. Follicular aspirates have emerged as an alternative source of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in mares; however, factors influencing successful MSC isolation remain unclear. This study evaluated whether reproductive cyclicity and follicle count affect MSC recovery from ovum pick-up (OPU)-derived follicular aspirates. Twenty-eight OPU procedures were performed on 13 mares, and cells were cultured until passage 3. Successful MSC cultures were obtained in 15/28 procedures (53.6%), while 13 procedures (46.4%) yielded non-MSC populations. Neither reproductive status (cycling vs. anestrous) nor foll...
Impact of a Riding Event and Ambient Temperature on the Heart Rate of Gotlandsruss Ponies. Visitors to zoos present unpredictable visual and auditory stimulation for captive animals. Coupled with high ambient temperatures this might prove stressful for animals involved in human interactions. This study aims to determine if Gotlandsruss ponies are stressed by visitors during a childrens riding event at Slottsskogen, a zoo park, in Gothenburg, Sweden and whether ambient temperature also had an impact. Decibel level, temperature, and the ponies heart rate were monitored during the event. Each pony's maximum rate during exercise and resting heart rate were measured to compare with heart...
Mandibular fracture with subsequent sequestrum formation and tooth-root abscess in a 3-year-old mare. A 3-year-old quarter horse cross mare was presented to the Atlantic Veterinary College (Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island) for evaluation of a persistent draining tract on the ventral aspect of the left mandible, associated with a previous fracture. Radiography and ultrasonography confirmed the presence of a chronic sequestrum separated from the parent bone. Sequestrectomy and surgical debridement of the mandible were carried out, and the horse was discharged. Three months later, the mare was presented again to the Atlantic Veterinary College, as the draining tract had not resolved. A CT sca...
Recent Advances and Emerging Applications in Embryo Vitrification for Livestock. Vitrification has progressively supplanted conventional slow freezing as the method of choice for embryo cryopreservation in both human medicine and animal production, particularly for in vitro-produced embryos and for species or developmental stages highly sensitive to conventional freezing. By combining very high cooling and warming rates with concentrated cryoprotectant solutions and minimal sample volumes, it largely prevents intracellular ice formation and, in experienced hands, consistently yields post-warming survival and developmental rates that exceed those obtained with traditional ...
Comparison of arterial blood pressure and quality of induction and recovery in horses anesthetized with diazepam or guaifenesin co-induction combined with xylazine and ketamine and maintained on isoflurane. The objective of this prospective alternating crossover study was to compare quality of induction and recovery and cardiopulmonary function in horses administered guaifenesin or diazepam as co-induction drugs. Six healthy horses were anesthetized twice to undergo an MRI and surgical biopsies, with 5 wk between treatments. Horses were sedated intravenously (IV) with xylazine, 0.6 mg/kg BW, and IV induction started 4 min later. Group G received guaifenesin, 100 mg/kg BW, over 2 min and ketamine, 2 mg/kg BW, within 1 to 2 min of starting the guaifenesin. Group D received diazepam, 0.1 mg/kg BW, w...
Validation of a novel instrumented hoof boot with pressure sensors using force plate gait kinetics in horses at walk and trot. Force plates (FP) are considered the gold standard for quantitative equine gait evaluation but are limited to experimental use. An instrumented hoof boot (IHB) with pressure sensors and an inertial measurement unit would allow clinicians to objectively assess kinetic parameters and gait symmetry. Objective: To validate the IHB by comparing kinetic parameters with obtained FP data. Methods: In vivo experiments. Methods: Twenty-seven horses were measured with IHBs on FPs at walk and trot. Mean value kinetic parameters recorded were: (1) peak vertical force (PVF) [N/kg]/peak vertical pressure (PV...
Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Axial Proximal Sesamoid Osteomyelitis and Intersesamoidean Ligament Rupture in a Horse. A 7-year-old Warmblood mare used for show jumping was evaluated for progressive left hindlimb lameness of 5 weeks' duration, localized clinically to the metatarsophalangeal region. Radiography revealed ill-defined osteolysis of the axial apical regions of both proximal sesamoid bones (PSBs). Due to rapid clinical deterioration, low-field magnetic resonance imaging was performed and demonstrated aggressive axial osteomyelitis of both PSBs, partial rupture of the intersesamoidean ligament and proximal scutum with herniation of synovium of the plantar joint recess, and an occult penetrating tract...
Predicting outcomes in equine peritonitis: Multivariable analysis of admission and post-admission data from a UK hospital population. Peritonitis is life-threatening, and limited information exists regarding outcomes and predictors of survival. Objective: To report short- and long-term outcomes in horses diagnosed with peritonitis and identify factors associated with survival. Methods: Retrospective observational. Methods: Data were obtained for horses admitted to a UK referral hospital between 2010 and 2024 diagnosed with peritonitis (peritoneal fluid nucleated cell count >10 × 10/L). Short- and long-term morbidity and mortality were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated w...
Effect of volume for injection of the 15th to 16th thoracic interspinous space: An ex vivo study. Impinging (overriding) spinous processes (ISPs) are commonly identified in horses with back pain. Diagnostic analgesia is widely used as the clinical reference standard for confirming association with clinical signs of back pain, but the specificity of dorsal spinous region diagnostic analgesia remains poorly understood. Objective: To evaluate the specificity of a midline thoracic interspinous space injection in cadaveric horses using three injectate volumes, assessed by computed tomography (CT) and anatomical dissection. Methods: Ex vivo experimental study. Methods: The T15-T16 interspinous s...
Measuring the Rider-Horse Dyad Across Olympic Equestrian Disciplines: A Scoping Review of Methodological Gaps and Priorities for Show Jumping. (1) Background: Rider-horse coordination underpins equestrian performance; yet, its definition, quantitative indicators, and measurement methods remain inconsistent across Olympic disciplines. This scoping review mapped the constructs, metrics, and measurement approaches in dressage, show jumping, eventing, and transferable equestrian contexts, with show jumping as the principal application context. (2) Methods: Following PRISMA-ScR guidance and a Population-Concept-Context framework, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and PubMed were searched from database inception to 10 September 2026....
Nasopharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal collapse: intra- and interrater agreement supports novel endoscopic scoring classifications in horses. The contribution of reduced airway patency from heightened inspiratory pressure or active muscular contraction to the pathophysiology of pharyngeal collapse is unknown. Existing classifications refer to the entire pharyngeal region; however, anatomical differences are evident between rostral and caudal collapse. Novel classifications and grading systems are proposed to differentiate 2 pathologies: nasopharyngeal collapse (NPC; collapse of ≥ 1 pharyngeal wall rostral to the tip of the epiglottis; grades 0 through 4), and laryngopharyngeal collapse (LPC; collapse of ≥ 1 pharyngeal wall cauda...
The effect of ertugliflozin on serum insulin and glucose in healthy horses receiving dexamethasone. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) can be used to manage insulin dysregulation (ID). Their effect on corticosteroid-induced ID is unknown. Objective: Evaluate effects of ertugliflozin on serum insulin and glucose concentrations in horses receiving dexamethasone (DEX). We hypothesized that DEX would induce ID and ertugliflozin coadministration would mitigate that effect. Methods: Seven healthy horses. Methods: Randomized crossover design; horses received DEX (0.06 mg/kg IV q48h; DEX)or ertugliflozin (0.05 mg/kg PO q24h) plus DEX (SGLT-2i group) for seven days. Oral sugar (OST...
Bayesian estimation of genetic parameters and comparison of statistical models for race performance traits in the Turkmen horse. Racing performance is an important component of genetic evaluation and breeding decisions in racehorses, but it is a complex trait influenced by genetic and multiple non-genetic factors, including race conditions, management, handicap, and jockey effects. Different specifications of these effects may produce different estimates of genetic parameters and breeding values, highlighting the need to compare alternative model structures. This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters, compare alternative statistical models, and evaluate their suitability for genetic evaluation of racing performance...
A single-cell RNA-seq dataset characterizing cellular diversity in healthy equine skin. The skin serves as the primary barrier tissue in horses and is frequently affected by immune-mediated dermatological conditions, most notably insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH). Yet, the cellular composition and transcriptional landscape of normal equine skin have never been characterized at single-cell resolution. Here, we present a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset of healthy equine skin comprising 85,574 high-quality transcriptomes from two horses, with one skin biopsy collected from each horse, divided into two portions for independent processing via manual or automated tissue dissociatio...
Equine viral arteritis in horses undergoing pre-export testing in Spain (2016-2023): Seroprevalence estimates and diagnostic performance of a commercial indirect ELISA. Equine viral arteritis (EVA) is a contagious disease that affects equine reproduction and international trade. Despite its importance, epidemiological data from Spain are limited. This study aimed to assess EVA seroprevalence and evaluate the diagnostic performance of a commercial ELISA in horses before export. Methods: From 2016 to 2023, 5000 serum samples from horses across 16 Spanish autonomous communities were tested using a commercial indirect ELISA. Samples with inconclusive results, or those submitted with specific requests, underwent virus neutralisation testing (VNT). Diagnostic perfo...
Multisystemic and cerebral infection associated with Halicephalobus gingivalis in Brazilian Criollo horses. Halicephalosis is a rare cosmopolitan disease affecting equids, cattle, and humans, manifesting as meningoencephalitis. This study reports the detection of Halicephalobus gingivalis infection in two adult horses with neurological clinical signs in Rio Grande do Sul state, in the Southern Brazil. It underscores the pathological main findings and phylogenetic analyses. In both cases, the horses exhibited severe neurological manifestations and were euthanized due to poor prognosis. Pathological findings revealed gross brain lesions, in addition, alterations in the kidneys and lymph nodes. Histopa...
Etiological and immunological aspects of equine hoof canker. Chronic equine proliferative pododermatitis (canker) is a hypertrophic hoof disease characterized by excessive proliferation of horn-producing tissues resulting from dyskeratosis of keratinocytes. Since its etiology remains unknown, this study investigated potential etiological agents and evaluated biochemical and immunological profiles. Ten horses with hoof canker and ten healthy controls of the Norik of Muran breed were included. Dermatophytes and bovine papillomavirus 1 and 2 (BPV 1/2) were not detected. Candida glabrata was the most frequently identified species in both affected and health...
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