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Topic:Clinical Study
Clinical studies in equine research involve the systematic investigation of health and disease in horses through structured scientific methods. These studies aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatments, understand disease mechanisms, and improve veterinary care practices. Clinical studies can include randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case-control studies. They may focus on various aspects such as pharmacokinetics, therapeutic interventions, and diagnostic techniques. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the design, implementation, and findings of clinical studies in equine medicine, providing insights into their impact on horse health and veterinary practices.
Serum amyloid A alone or in combination with white blood cell count and fibrinogen is associated with inflammatory disease status in horses undergoing elective anesthesia. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical utility of common systemic inflammatory markers (WBC count [WBCC], plasma fibrinogen, and serum amyloid A [SAA]) for the detection of disease in patients undergoing general anesthesia. Unassigned: A retrospective review of 1,002 surgical case records (February 2021 to June 2023) was performed. Systemically stable equine patients undergoing elective orthopedic and soft tissue procedures and that had WBCC, fibrinogen, and SAA evaluated preoperatively were eligible for inclusion. Disease status (healthy vs disease) was recorded for each case ...
A novel water additive increases voluntary water intake in healthy horses. To determine whether healthy horses would increase their voluntary water intake (VWI) when offered a novel water additive (NWA) compared to plain water (TAP) and water flavored with sweet feed, referred to as sweet tea (ST). Unassigned: 12 clinically healthy horses, aged 2 to 5 years old, were enrolled in the experimental crossover design. Four horses were assigned to each group for each of the 3 study weeks. The order that the horses were allocated to study groups was randomly assigned. All horses had access to 2 buckets filled to 16 L, one containing plain water (untreated bucket) and one co...
Influence of Follicle Number and Reproductive Cyclicity on Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Yield Isolated From Equine Ovarian Follicular Aspirates. Follicular aspirates have emerged as an alternative source of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in mares; however, factors influencing successful MSC isolation remain unclear. This study evaluated whether reproductive cyclicity and follicle count affect MSC recovery from ovum pick-up (OPU)-derived follicular aspirates. Twenty-eight OPU procedures were performed on 13 mares, and cells were cultured until passage 3. Successful MSC cultures were obtained in 15/28 procedures (53.6%), while 13 procedures (46.4%) yielded non-MSC populations. Neither reproductive status (cycling vs. anestrous) nor foll...
Changes in hoof morphology in racing Thoroughbreds during a period of ninety days unshod. Low hoof angles and discrepancies in the dorsal heel are linked to musculoskeletal breakdown, suspensory apparatus failure, and retirement in Thoroughbred racehorses. Evidence-based research on correcting hoof adaptations is limited, which leads to a reliance on therapeutic shoeing. Unassigned: This study aimed to test the hypothesis that morphological changes occur during active unshod training and that trimming immediately affects hoof angles. Unassigned: This is a controlled, quantitative, longitudinal study that uses a convenience sample. Unassigned: A total of 36 racehorses were divided i...
Proof of Concept for Open Flow Microperfusion for Intratumoural Drug Administration in Equine Cutaneous Neoplasia. Intratumoural drug delivery can achieve high local therapeutic exposure while limiting systemic effects, but heterogeneous distribution may compromise treatment efficacy and precision. This proof-of-concept study investigated open flow microperfusion (OFM) as a novel platform for local delivery of tigilanol tiglate (TT), an intratumoural antineoplastic agent with immunomodulatory and vascular-disrupting effects. Four horses with histologically confirmed cutaneous neoplasia (three sarcoids and one squamous cell carcinoma) underwent OFM using TT concentrations of 0.01-0.04 mg/mL delivered at 9 ...
Measuring the Rider-Horse Dyad Across Olympic Equestrian Disciplines: A Scoping Review of Methodological Gaps and Priorities for Show Jumping. (1) Background: Rider-horse coordination underpins equestrian performance; yet, its definition, quantitative indicators, and measurement methods remain inconsistent across Olympic disciplines. This scoping review mapped the constructs, metrics, and measurement approaches in dressage, show jumping, eventing, and transferable equestrian contexts, with show jumping as the principal application context. (2) Methods: Following PRISMA-ScR guidance and a Population-Concept-Context framework, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and PubMed were searched from database inception to 10 September 2026....
The effect of ertugliflozin on serum insulin and glucose in healthy horses receiving dexamethasone. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) can be used to manage insulin dysregulation (ID). Their effect on corticosteroid-induced ID is unknown. Objective: Evaluate effects of ertugliflozin on serum insulin and glucose concentrations in horses receiving dexamethasone (DEX). We hypothesized that DEX would induce ID and ertugliflozin coadministration would mitigate that effect. Methods: Seven healthy horses. Methods: Randomized crossover design; horses received DEX (0.06 mg/kg IV q48h; DEX)or ertugliflozin (0.05 mg/kg PO q24h) plus DEX (SGLT-2i group) for seven days. Oral sugar (OST...
Predicting outcomes in equine peritonitis: Multivariable analysis of admission and post-admission data from a UK hospital population. Peritonitis is life-threatening, and limited information exists regarding outcomes and predictors of survival. Objective: To report short- and long-term outcomes in horses diagnosed with peritonitis and identify factors associated with survival. Methods: Retrospective observational. Methods: Data were obtained for horses admitted to a UK referral hospital between 2010 and 2024 diagnosed with peritonitis (peritoneal fluid nucleated cell count >10 × 10/L). Short- and long-term morbidity and mortality were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated w...
Validation of a novel instrumented hoof boot with pressure sensors using force plate gait kinetics in horses at walk and trot. Force plates (FP) are considered the gold standard for quantitative equine gait evaluation but are limited to experimental use. An instrumented hoof boot (IHB) with pressure sensors and an inertial measurement unit would allow clinicians to objectively assess kinetic parameters and gait symmetry. Objective: To validate the IHB by comparing kinetic parameters with obtained FP data. Methods: In vivo experiments. Methods: Twenty-seven horses were measured with IHBs on FPs at walk and trot. Mean value kinetic parameters recorded were: (1) peak vertical force (PVF) [N/kg]/peak vertical pressure (PV...
Effect of erythromycin and colistin ophthalmic ointment on post-race keratitis in Thoroughbred racehorses. This study investigated the prophylactic efficacy of administering an ophthalmic ointment containing erythromycin and colistin (EC ointment) after racing to prevent post-race keratitis in Thoroughbred racehorses. Methods: The incidence of post-race keratitis following turf and dirt races was compared between treatment groups (non-ointment group: eye flushing only; ointment group: eye flushing and application of EC ointment) and between two randomly assigned groups (non-antimicrobial group: application of ophthalmic white petrolatum; antimicrobial group: application of EC ointment). Results: Af...
Etiological and immunological aspects of equine hoof canker. Chronic equine proliferative pododermatitis (canker) is a hypertrophic hoof disease characterized by excessive proliferation of horn-producing tissues resulting from dyskeratosis of keratinocytes. Since its etiology remains unknown, this study investigated potential etiological agents and evaluated biochemical and immunological profiles. Ten horses with hoof canker and ten healthy controls of the Norik of Muran breed were included. Dermatophytes and bovine papillomavirus 1 and 2 (BPV 1/2) were not detected. Candida glabrata was the most frequently identified species in both affected and health...
Ursodeoxycholic Acid Oral Pharmacokinetics and Plasma Bile Acid Profile Changes in a Population of Healthy Neonatal Foals. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a secondary bile acid used in humans for the treatment of some cholestatic diseases. Interest in its potential use in equine patients with liver conditions has increased. Pharmacokinetic parameters in adult horses have recently been reported; however, they are not available for foals. The objective of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of UDCA following a single oral dose of 15 mg/kg in six healthy neonatal foals and evaluate associated changes in bile acids (BA) profile. UDCA concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass...
Thymidine kinase 1 activity in serum and body cavity fluids of horses with lymphoma. The accuracy of serum thymidine kinase 1 (TK1S) as a biomarker of lymphoma in horses is variable. The value of measurement in body cavity fluid (TK1F) has not been established. Objective: (1) TK1F and TK1S will be higher in horses with lymphoma compared to diseased controls (DCs); (2) TK1F will be higher than TK1S; and (3) there will be a strong correlation between both measurements. Methods: Twenty animals in the lymphoma and 31 animals with nonneoplastic, gastrointestinal/respiratory disorders in DC group. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using prospectively collected data and sampl...
Association Between Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) Immunohistochemical Expression and Clinicopathological Features in Equine Melanoma. Equine melanoma is one of the most important oncological diseases in horses and exhibits a distinct biological behavior compared with melanoma in other species. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has been associated with tumor aggressiveness and metastasis in human and canine melanoma, but its expression in equine melanoma remains unknown. Objective: Evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of MMP-9 in equine melanomas and investigate its association with clinicopathological features. Methods: 68 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded equine melanomas from 48 gray horses were evaluated immunohis...
Oral Mosapride Attenuates Gastrointestinal Dysmotility During Experimental Endotoxemia in Horses: A Randomized, Blinded Crossover Study. Endotoxemia is a major contributor to gastrointestinal hypomotility and postoperative ileus in horses. This study investigated whether oral mosapride retained prokinetic activity during acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia. Seven healthy adult horses were enrolled in a randomized, blinded, three-period crossover trial and received LPS alone, mosapride alone (MOSA), or LPS plus mosapride (LPS + MOSA), with a 14-day washout interval between periods. Mosapride was administered orally at 2 mg/kg, whereas endotoxemia was induced by an intravenous infusion of O55:B5 LPS (0.03 µg/kg) ...
Weigh tape more accurately estimates equine body weight than morphometric formula: a controlled technical assessment. Accurate body weight (BW) estimation in horses is essential for clinical and nutritional management; however, calibrated scales are often unavailable under field conditions. Objective: To compare the longitudinal accuracy and consistency of a commercial weigh tape and the Carroll and Huntington morphometric formula against calibrated digital scale measurements in adult horses. Methods: In a prospective longitudinal experimental study, six clinically healthy adult crossbred horses (mean real body weight [Rbw] 355.5 ± 21.2 kg) were monitored weekly for 63 days under controlled management condit...
Leakage-aware pre-event machine learning evaluation for horse-race prediction under temporal validation. Horse-racing prediction was used as a case study to develop and evaluate a leakage-aware machine-learning framework based on information available after race-entry finalization and before outcomes were known. Japanese Racing Association flat-race data obtained through JRA-VAN Data Lab. and exported using TARGET frontier JV were split temporally: 2015-2022 for training, 2023-2024 for validation, and January 5, 2025 to May 10, 2026 for independent testing. The test set contained 63,910 horse-level observations from 4,556 races. Confidence intervals were estimated using 10,000 race-level bootstra...
Use of UV-Polymerizable Methacrylate Adhesive as a Post-Recovery Bandage Replacement for Transphyseal Screw Incisions in Horses: A Pilot Study. Surgical adhesives may provide an alternative to postoperative bandaging, but their use has not been evaluated in veterinary medicine. This prospective pilot study investigated the tolerance and postoperative adhesion of a UV-polymerizable methacrylate adhesive (UV-PMA) as a post-recovery bandage substitute following transphyseal screw placement in horses. A total of 153 sutured stab incisions from 102 horses were included; 75 received UV-PMA and 78 were protected with bandages. Surgical site infection (SSI) within 30 days and UV-PMA/bandage slippage within 14 days were compared between the tr...
Pancreatic α-cell dysfunction associated with equine insulin dysregulation. Insulin dysregulation (ID) in horses is characterised by insulin resistance and exaggerated insulin responses, yet the underlying endocrine mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In humans, α-cell dysfunction characterised by exaggerated glucagon secretion contributes to metabolic disease; however, the role of pancreatic α-cell function in equine ID has not previously been investigated. Objective: To investigate whether horses with moderate to severe ID exhibit α-cell dysfunction, characterised by fasting and postprandial hyperglucagonaemia as well as impaired postprandial glucagon supp...
Proteomic Profiling and Targeted Validation Reveal a More Extensive Salivary than Serum Response to a Feed-Deprivation Protocol in Horses with Gastric Lesions. Gastric ulceration is common in horses and remains challenging to diagnose, as gastroscopy is the gold standard. This study aimed to characterise the salivary and serum protein changes associated with a feed-deprivation protocol. Eight horses underwent this protocol, and gastric lesions were assessed by gastroscopy at the end of the experimental period. Saliva and blood samples were collected pre- and post-protocol, and pooled samples from each biological fluid and condition were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to compare protein profiles. Fifteen salivary and five serum protei...
Phenotypic associations between young horse assessments and orthopaedic diagnoses in insured Swedish Warmblood horses. Lameness is the most common health problem in riding horses, and insurance data have previously been used to investigate the prevalence of orthopaedic diagnoses in Swedish Warmblood (SWB) horses. Young horse performance testing is an important part of the SWB breeding programme and contributes data to the genetic evaluation. Assessed traits from these tests have been shown to be useful indicator traits of performance in show jumping and dressage, but their associations with orthopaedic health have not previously been investigated. Objective: To study the associations between assessed traits fr...
Race-related fatalities in U.S. jump racing, 2023-2025: incidence and documentation across public reporting sources. Fatality reporting in National Steeplechase Association (NSA)-sanctioned U.S. jump racing is distributed across several public sources, and no single source consistently links the race incident with the final clinical outcome. Objective: To identify and verify race-related fatalities associated with NSA-sanctioned jump-racing starts, compare documentation across public sources, and estimate minimum confirmed fatality incidence. Methods: The study population included official starters in completed NSA-sanctioned hurdle/fence and timber races during 2023-2025. Potential fatalities reported by Ho...
Effects of constant rate infusion of a fixed-dose combination of medetomidine and vatinoxan on sedation, cardiorespiratory variables, and gastrointestinal activity in standing Thoroughbred horses. A fixed-dose combination of medetomidine (MED) and vatinoxan (VTX), a peripherally selective α2-adrenoceptor antagonist, is commercially available, but its constant rate infusion (CRI) has not been evaluated. Objective: To compare the sedative effects, cardiorespiratory variables, and gastrointestinal activity of MED-VTX and MED-atipamezole (ATIP) with MED alone in Thoroughbred horses. Methods: Six healthy Thoroughbreds underwent a blinded three-treatment, three-period crossover study. Horses received MED (7 μg/kg IV; 5 μg/kg/h CRI for 60 min) alone (gM), with VTX (140 μg/kg IV; 100 μg/kg...
Biomarkers of brain injury in foals with neonatal maladjustment syndrome. Plasma concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial-fibrillary-acidic protein (GFAP), and astrocytic protein S100B, might be linked to the pathophysiology of Neonatal Maladjustment Syndrome (NMS). Objective: To measure serum concentration of BDNF and S100B, plasma concentration of GFAP, and neurosteroids (progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone) in foals with NMS, foals presented for other diseases, including premature, and healthy foals, and determine their association with outcome. Methods: Fourteen healthy foals, 19 NMS foals, 39 foals hospitalized for other diseases ...
Comparison of blind end closure techniques in equine ileum. To determine the difference in bursting pressure (BP), bursting wall tension (BWT), and closure speed between commonly utilized methods of ileal stump closure. Methods: Randomized experimental study. Methods: A total of 71 ileal segments from 18 healthy horses. Methods: Ileum was collected postmortem from 18 horses and divided into four segments. One end of each segment was closed using one of three techniques: Parker-Kerr (PK), gastrointestinal staples (ST), or gastrointestinal staples with a Lembert staple oversew (SO). Closure time was recorded. Control (C) segments were not altered. Segmen...
Retrospective Analysis of the Clinical Findings of 114 Horses with Eosinophilic Keratoconjunctivitis. Eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) is an inflammatory eye disease of horses with an unknown cause and suspected immune-mediated pathogenesis. This single-center retrospective case series included 114 horses (163 affected eyes) examined at a German equine referral hospital from January 2012 to December 2020. Of these horses, 71 (62.3%) were Warmbloods, 77 (67.5%) were presented from July to September, and 49 (43.0%) had bilateral disease. The cornea was involved in 139 of 163 eyes (85.3%). During the study period, 114 EKC cases occurred among 5742 ophthalmology cases (2.0%), with an increa...
Myocardial dysfunction associated with low-dose endotoxin administration in adult horses. Horses with endotoxemia have variable myocardial function, but little is known about the severity or persistence of myocardial dysfunction (MD). Objective: Horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia have systolic and diastolic MD. Methods: Twelve systemically healthy horses. Methods: Horses were given Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide 30 ng/kg over 60 min. Echocardiography and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) measurements were performed at baseline, 1, 3, and 5 h post-endotoxin. Fluid therapy (10 L), polymyxin B (6000 IU/kg), and flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg) were administered intravenou...
Evaluation of a lateral flow immunoassay for the quantitative measurement of immunoglobulin G in foals compared with radial immunodiffusion. Reliable point-of-care diagnostic tests are essential for diagnosing failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in foals. Quantitative lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) could reduce subjectivity but have not been well validated in foals. Objective: To validate the performance and diagnostic accuracy of a LFIA for quantifying immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations in foals, using radial immunodiffusion (RID) as the reference standard. Methods: Forty-two neonatal foals were sampled within 24 h of birth. Methods: This prospective exploratory diagnostic accuracy study evaluated the diagnostic ...
Oxidative stress markers in different age ranges of healthy horses. Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, impairing cellular functions and contributing to diseases and aging. Despite the growing interest in oxidative stress, studies specifically evaluating the influence of age on laboratory and oxidative stress parameters in clinically healthy horses remain limited. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of age on laboratory and oxidative stress parameters in clinically healthy horses. A total of 152 clinically healthy horses (80 females and 72 males) were selected, including young horses aged 3 to 48 months (...
